green lcd display brands

An LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) screen is an electronic display module and has a wide range of applications. A 16×2 LCD display is very basic module and is very commonly used in various devices and circuits. A 16×2 LCD means it can display 16 characters per line and there are 2 such lines. 12864  Green Backlight.

While LCD technology uses tiny light-emitting diodes behind liquid crystal displays for designs that are remarkably thin and energy-efficient, OLED televisions offer stunning ultra-thin silhouettes and remarkable standby energy consumption due to OLED’s ability to completely switch off black pixels.

Professional monitors are expected to be dependable workhorses with highly reliable performance and superior colour gamut coverage. While OLED technology enables perfect blacks and high contrast, the risk of burn-ins when operating at the demanding levels of professional displays make OLED a non-starter and LCD the preferred technology. As such, professional monitors continue to be LCD-based with a BLU technology that falls into one of these three categories:

The choice of BLU technology is important as one of the main factors to achieving wide colour gamut is for each of the red, green, blue (RGB) primaries in the BLU to offer a spectrally pure emission. A common form of measurement for spectral purity is full width at half-maximum (FWHM), or the spectral emission width at the halfway point of its peak emission. Each RGB primary exhibits a separate FWHM which is dependent on the BLU technology it is based on – the narrower the FWHM width, the more spectrally pure the emission leading to a wider colour gamut.

Cd-based QD films using cadmium selenide (CdSe) offer excellent colour performance at a very narrow FWHM of ~20-30 nm for red and green emissions, making it the incumbent QD material over Cd-free alternatives like Indium Phosphide (InP) QD with FWHM of only ~35-40 nm. However, Cd is heavily regulated with the risk of being banned due to its high toxicity and RoHS regulations require consumer electronics to contain <100 ppm of Cd. The risk of Cd-based materials being banned globally is constantly on the minds of display brands and manufacturers who are safeguarding the longevity of their products by opting for Cd-free alternatives. Today, the majority of professional displays offering wide colour gamut are designed using blue LED on-chip phosphors, specifically KSF for red emission and β-SiAION for green emission, both Cd-free alternatives. KSF and β-SiAION have gained wide commercial adoption as the technology offers stable performance, high efficiencies and ease of implementation within the existing LED packaging supply chain. For red emissions, KSF exhibits high quantum efficiency of >90% , main peak emission wavelength of 631 nm and a narrow FWHM of <2 nm for each of its 5 peaks (<30 nm approximation on Gaussian). For green emissions, β-SiAION offers quantum efficiency of >70%, reasonable emission profile with main peaks at 530-540 nm and a broad FWHM of approximately 50 nm.

While the clear leader for a Cd-free narrow band red emitter is KSF, a Cd-free green emitter with narrow FWHM <20 nm is still the missing enabler to significantly enhance the Rec. 2020 colour gamut coverage to >90% in even the top professional monitors today.

The human eyes respond to light at wavelengths between 400 – 700 nm and experience peak sensitivity at 555 nm, which falls in the green region of the visible light spectrum. Given the photopic nature of our eyes, the greens in the RGB primaries of a display have a major impact on how our eyes detect colours on a display. Thus, the green emitter technology chosen by display brands and manufacturers play a critical role in how customers rate the overall colour performance of the display.

CdSe-based QD films with narrow band emission of ~20 nm is a very promising technology for enabling professional displays with >90% Rec. 2020 colour gamut coverage, however, the enthusiasm to jump in and adopt it for future displays is waning as RoHS regulatory concerns around Cd-base materials remain.

While there is a growing segment of ROHS-compliant CdSe-based QD films with low Cd content of <100ppm, these solutions often require new QD film designs that introduce a high amount of light recycling, which leads to a decrease in the overall efficiency of converting blue light from the BLU to green and red light. Low Cd-based films may also fail to meet the specifications of premium professional displays, which require high peak brightness of over 1000 nits, and more than 1600 nits at times. To achieve high brightness and make up for the low conversion efficiency, display manufacturers have to either drive the blue LED at much higher power forcing them to re-design a more complex heat management system or increase the concentration of CdSe-based QD in the films for higher conversion efficiency often resulting in ROHS non-compliant products. To achieve >90% Rec. 2020 colour gamut coverage and have complete assurance of being RoHS-compliant, a Cd-free green emitter with similar narrow spectral band emission as CdSe (FWHM ~20 nm) is the industry’s best bet.

The rapidly growing interest around perovskite nanocrystals as a Cd-free green emitter for wide colour gamut displays is attributed to its narrow spectral band emission of <20 nm, potentially high photoluminescence efficiency (PLQY) of >90% and tunable emission; These key characteristics make perovskite nanocrystals the most competitive Cd-free green emitter over CdSe-based QD, Cd-free QD (InP) and conventional green phosphors (β-SiAION).

In November 2019, Nanolumi launched Chameleon® G Film, the industry’s first Cd-free green perovskite colour enhancement film enabling premium displays with unparalleled colour performance.

While β-SiAION offers a FWHM of ~50 nm, Chameleon G Film possesses a spectrally purer green emission with a FWHM of ~20 nm. Being a direct substitute of one another, switching a β-SiAION film for Chameleon G Film is the quickest, non-disruptive way for display manufacturers to enhance Rec. 2020 coverage from 81% to 91%.

And finally, to hit the ‘Cd-free jackpot’ and win best colour performance for professional displays, we have to pair green perovskite-based Chameleon G Film with a narrow band red phosphor.

The unique combination of Nanolumi’s Chameleon G Film with red potassium fluorosilicate (PFS/KSF) phosphor-on-chip (LEDs), referred to as ‘Hybrid QDEF-Phosphor’ in DSCC’s new Annual QD Display Technology and Market Outlook Report, allows display manufacturers to achieve excellent colour performance of >90% Rec. 2020, >99.x% Adobe RGB and >99.x% DCI-P3 while maintaining the highest energy efficiencies.

According to TrendForce research, terminal demand remains weak due to repercussions of the Russian-Ukrainian war, rising inflation, and China"s pandemic lockdowns as monitor brands began to reduce purchasing of LCD monitor panels in 2Q22. LCD monitors panel shipments in 2Q22 are estimated at 42.5 million units, down 11.3% QoQ.

According to TrendForce analysis, monitor brands set fairly high shipment targets in early 2022. Coupled with the impact of LCD monitor panel shortages in 2021, monitor brands gravitated towards overbuying panels in 1Q22 to prepare for ensuing shipments. Driven by strong demand from monitor brands, shipments of LCD monitor panels reached 47.9 million units in 1Q22, up 20% YoY, the highest level for the period since 2012.

However, due to changes in the international political and economic landscape in February this year, the market for consumer models has cooled and monitor brands have successively revised their LCD monitor shipment targets downward and simultaneously lowered their panel purchase volumes. In the face of interest rate hikes by the world"s major central banks and slowing economic growth, companies have also begun exercising caution in terms of capital expenditures, which has slowed demand for business-grade LCD monitors. In the past, inventory issues emerged and the overall market became oversupplied when monitor brands overstocked as consumer and business demand gradually cooled.

In addition, shipping and port congestion gradually eased in 1H22. The LCD monitors that were still in transit and accumulating in ports gradually arrived at distributors, resulting in a sharp rise in distribution inventory. Faced with the dual pressure of high whole LCD monitor and panel inventory, monitor brands were forced to reduce panel purchases in 2H22. Therefore, TrendForce forecasts that LCD monitor panel shipments will continue to decline to 37.8 million units in 3Q22, representing a QoQ decline of 11.2%. In 4Q22, there is a chance shipments will rebound marginally to 38.8 million units due to the sales surge initiated by monitor brands at the end of the year, representing a quarterly increase of 2.8%. Annual shipments are forecast to reach 167 million units, a drop of 3.6% YoY.

For more information on reports and market data from TrendForce’s Department of Display Research, please click here, or email Ms. Vivie Liu from the Sales Department at vivieliu@trendforce.com

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