Panel material and manufacturing process are two very important aspects in liquid crystal display technology. Liquid crystal display (LCD) is a flat display device based on liquid crystal material, and its structure is composed of liquid crystal molecules, substrate, thin film transistor (TFT) and rear light source. The molecular structure and manufacturing process of liquid crystals have an important impact on the performance, quality and reliability of LCDs. The following is a detailed explanation of the panel materials and manufacturing process:

 

1. Panel material

1. Transparent conductive glass: also known as ITO glass, is the most commonly used substrate for LCD panels. It has the advantages of high transparency, good conductivity, and high stability, and is suitable for manufacturing high-quality liquid crystal displays.

2. SiO2 film: used to make the alignment film of liquid crystal screen, it is a layer of film coated on ITO glass. Its function is to control the direction of the liquid crystal molecules, so that the liquid crystal molecules can rotate and deflect in a specific way, so as to realize the display of pixels.

3. Electrode: A layer of transparent electrode coated on ITO conductive glass. Its role is to provide an electric field to control the orientation and rotation direction of liquid crystal molecules. At the same time, it can also transmit signals and power to control the display of liquid crystal displays.

4. Liquid crystal material: it is the core material in liquid crystal display. There are five commonly used liquid crystal materials, namely nematic liquid crystal, twisted nematic liquid crystal, vertical nematic liquid crystal, negative nematic liquid crystal and ultra-short columnar liquid crystal. They have different molecular compositions, molecular structures and orientation characteristics, and are used to realize different performances of liquid crystal displays.

5. Rear light source: Also known as plywood, it is the last display part in the liquid crystal display. Its function is to provide a light source to illuminate the LCD screen on the back to present images.

 

2. Manufacturing process

1. Alignment film coating: SiO2 thin film is a special ceramic material, which requires special manufacturing process when coating. Special surface treatment is required before coating, such as removing dirt, dust, and moisture, and coating is carried out in a high-temperature, high-humidity environment to ensure the quality of the alignment film.

2. Liquid crystal injection: inject liquid crystal into the space between two glass substrates. Pretreatment, such as purification and removal of oxygen, is required before injection to prevent contamination and oxidation of the liquid crystal material.

3. Pixel etching: use etching solution to etch electrodes and liquid crystal materials to create pixel structures. The etchant is usually a strong acid or strong alkali solution, so it needs to be etched in a specific environment to ensure the etching effect and safety.

4. Thin-film transistor manufacturing: TFT is a key part of controlling the orientation and rotation of liquid crystal molecules, and its manufacturing process includes multiple steps such as deposition, photolithography, and etching. The most critical of these is the deposition of metals, which requires the use of specific deposition techniques and equipment.

5. LCD screen bonding: two substrates and a layer of liquid crystal material are glued together to form a liquid crystal screen. In this process, factors such as temperature, pressure, and humidity need to be considered to achieve high quality, high efficiency, and long life of the LCD screen.

 

Summary: Panel materials and manufacturing processes are key factors affecting the quality and performance of LCD displays. Transparent conductive glass, SiO2 thin films, electrodes, liquid crystal materials, and back light sources, etc. are the most commonly used materials, and they must be realized through multiple manufacturing steps such as coating, implantation, etching, deposition, and gluing. Every step needs to be strictly controlled to ensure the high quality and reliability of the LCD.