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Text: Mode, followed by "Enter"; watch the corresponding character displaying on the Gateway laptop screen and on the Node computer screen ; on the Gateway laptop screen the character displays twice: the first , displaying on the Gateway laptop screen and on the Node computer screen ; as before, on the Gateway laptop , keyboard and watching the corresponding characters display on the Gateway laptop screen 3.3 , computer, such as a PC laptop or desktop, which acts as the USB host. The power of the Gateway is also

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Text: your laptop LCD screen . The entire process should take approximately 15 minutes and require only a , LCD Removal Instructions 10 · Close-up of inverter located under LCD screen . Laptop LCD , You have now completely uninstalled your LCD screen . Laptop LCD Removal Instructions 17 · , "LTD" and Unipac begins with "UB". Be aware that a laptop LCD screen may have more than one part number; one by the actual LCD screen manufacturer like the ones above and one by the laptop maker which is

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Text: LAPTOP REQUIREMENTS The instrumentation marketplace has different requirements than the computer laptop , simply a few of the many possible end applications. Even though laptop computers are also used for a , thousand units produced per year. The laptop market is almost the direct opposite in nature. The , laptop LCD panels because they lack brightness. In transmissive CTFT LCD panels, this brightness is , brightness is needed. Basically, the laptop manufacturers would also like a brighter display, but not at the

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Text: continue to exist. THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN INSTRUMENTATION AND LAPTOP REQUIREMENTS The instrumentation marketplace has different requirements than the computer laptop market. The reason is simple ­ the end , applications. Even though laptop computers are also used for a variety of tasks (i.e., word-processing , from as low as several hundred to several thousand units produced per year. The laptop market is , rejected the current crop of laptop LCD panels because they lack brightness. In transmissive CTFT LCD

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Text: for the screen pictures in this manual. Different versions of the software may differ in appearance , support DPI or SCANport. Third-Party Bluetooth Support Since the WIM requires a Pocket PC, laptop PC , -WIM-N* Wireless Interface Module (WIM) provides a wireless communications interface between a Pocket PC, laptop , wireless technology DriveExplorer software (version 4.04 or higher) running on a laptop or desktop , higher) or bundled with the DriveTools SP suite (version 1.01 or higher) running on a laptop or desktop

Text: 2.0 to VGA Adapter allows you to connect an additional monitor or projector to Edit on one screen while surfing a computer/ laptop "s USB 2.0 port. Up to six adapters can be used simultaneously , single computer. Once the installation is done, the computer screen appears on other the add-on , the road Do multiple screen presentations resolutions up to 1920 x 1200, and HD resolutions up to , through a single USB 2.0 port Easily provide multiple screen Hot pluggable; add or remove a monitor

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Text: multiple screen presentations from a laptop computer palettes/tools Bus powered.no external power , additional monitor or projector to a computer/ laptop "s USB 2.0 port. Up to six adapters can be used , on one screen while surfing the Internet for information on the other installation is done, the computer screen appears on the add-on monitor(s) without the hassle of function keys to swap to a second , Do multiple screen presentations 1080p(60Hz). without bringing another computer Features

To put it explicitly, I"m treating this HaD prize round as more of "deadline for me to dump my brain and do as much research on laptop display stuff as possible + unlikely but plausible monetary reward for me to fund my crippling addiction to reusing laptop parts". Plus, there"s the "positive coverage" part of that, which I"ve learned to be one of the most important parts - actually letting people know that this is a thing will seriously impact usefulness of what I make. After over a year of working with laptop displays specifically (and multiple years of hoping I get to do that someday), I can"t help but feel like - now I owe it to people to tell every single thing I"ve learned. And, to be as frank and transparent as possible, the main competition here is between my lack of ability to finish projects I start and my desire to share what I"ve learned, as well as the desired ego boost of "I am doing a thing that people do really need" =)

One thing I do hope to be able to do, however, is eventually selling "making your display work" kits on Tindie which would cover usecases that Chinese sellers don"t cover. For instance, eDP displays from laptops can easily be adapted to full-size DisplayPort with a small PCB that"d connect to commonly available eDP-FPC cables with standardized pinout, providing both a DisplayPort input and a small circuit generating EN+ADJ signals for the panel"s builtin LED driver. Nobody is currently making these boards, but there"s a market for them, and I will be making them. And I"ll be linking to product pages for these boards from this project page, for sure - but that"s not the end goal, it"s merely "I can do this and it nets some extra income to fund my research" thing, especially given these boards will certainly be OSHW.

This one is certainly a USB device - most of modern laptop touchscreens are - so most of the laptop webcam reuse tips will apply. I need to find VCC, D+, D- and GND. There"s 4 pins on the connector, so I don"t have to worry about pins like EN and RST being present - they are on some touchscreens, but not this one.

Looks like exactly the cable we need, one connector (right) is the kind of connector that plugs into our touchscreen controller board, and another one (left) is a Molex connector often used in laptops. So, the touchscreen has a separate connector. I could look up an "Asus X200CA teardown" video on YouTube and see exactly where that wire goes, but I saved a bit of time by googling "X200CA motherboard" and looking at images:

The pinout, however, has to be determined. I usually take a multimeter, find GND, then VCC, then USB D+ and D- - as the latter are hard to tell apart, I try them in one polarity and swap them if they don"t work.

I touch the touchscreen (from its front size) and the mouse pointer of my laptop moves! Ain"t that nice. After fastening the wires a bit, I decide that I"ve successfully reused this touchscreen. Now it just needs a display fitted to it:

Laptops don"t last forever, but the screens inside them usually do. Even if the main computer is broken, you can extract the display panel, and reuse it. In today"s project, we"ll be turning an old laptop and a Raspberry Pi into a magic mirror.

Before you start, I should note that counterintuitively, it"s not always cost-effective to try and rescue a panel from a laptop, since you need to find a suitable driver board and power supply. Unlike a ready-made monitor which just plugs into HDMI, the LCD or LED panel inside your laptop will have had a signal directly from the laptop"s motherboard.

In order to use that panel, you need a controller board made by a third party, which converts a standard HDMI signal into one suitable for that display. Annoyingly, the controller board must also be precisely matched to your panel. Once you factor in the additional $30-$40 for extra parts, it may be cheaper just to buy a fully functional old monitor at auction. A cursory glance through the "ending soonest" listings of eBay shows some 17-inch ex-office monitors going for less than $15.

Still want to go on? If you can"t find an iFixit tear down guide for your laptop, just grab a flathead screwdriver or craft knife and begin ripping the screen bezel off. From there, you should able to find the screws that secure the display to the hinges. Take extra care around any existing ribbon cables, as you may need to re-use them later.

Here"s the money shot. The sticker describes the panel and allows you to search for a suitable driver board. Type the model number into eBay (in this case B126XW02) plus "controller".

When your board arrives, you won"t find a single controller board: likely you"ll have a separate inverter (for LCDs, which require a high voltage), a board with buttons on for input control, and possibly a remote control receiver board (optional). This is the main controller board:

Since this is an LED, there no need for a separate inverter board. The ports should be obvious, and there"s only a few separate ribbon cable connectors. You"ll find some pins labelled LVDS: this is where the delicate flat cable that connects to the LCD screen will go, but don"t plug that in yet.

The hardest part of this project was probably building the frame, and I think I could have done better. If I were to repeat the project, I"d likely build a separate front panel with greater depth behind it, and allow space for a back panel to cover up the backlight, which currently bleeds out, as well as hide the cables away. It would also be a good idea to make room for a motion sensor that could turn the display on and off, though the panel itself doesn"t draw that much power.

Most laptops have a built in driver board (and an inverter for CCFL backlights), while most desktops have pretty much similar screens, other than size, with a power supply and driver board. In theory, you can buy a driver board for specific displays online, and converting LVDS screens to work on their own is fairly well documented, and it seems that its true for some eDP screens as well.

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[1] Surface Laptop 2 battery life: Up to 14.5 hours of battery life for local video playback. Testing conducted by Microsoft in September 2018 using preproduction Intel® Core™ i5, 256GB, 8 GB RAM device. Testing consisted of full battery discharge during local video playback. All settings were default except: Wi-Fi was associated with a network and Auto-Brightness disabled. Battery life varies significantly with settings, usage, and other factors.

VGA port is the main interface between computers and older CRT monitors. Even the modern LCD and LED monitors support VGA ports but the picture quality is reduced. VGA carries analogue video signals up to a resolution of 648X480.

With the increase in use of digital video, VGA ports are gradually being replaced by HDMI and Display Ports. Some laptops are equipped with on-board VGA ports in order to connect to external monitors or projectors. The pinout of a VGA port is shown below.

The digital signals can be either single link or dual link where a single link supports a digital signal up to 1920X1080 resolution and a dual link supports a digital signal up to 2560X1600 resolution. The following image compares the structures of DVI-I, DVI-D and DVI-A types along with the pinouts.

Out of the 4 pins, one pin is used to carry the intensity signals (black and white) and other pin is used to carry color signals. Both these pins have their respective ground pins. The pinout diagram of an S-Video port is shown below.

The HDMI connector consists of 19 pins and the latest version of HDMI i.e. HDMI 2.0 can carry digital video signal up to a resolution of 4096×2160 and 32 audio channels. The pinout diagram of an HDMI port is as follows.

With HDMI 1.3 Version, a new HDMI Port and Connector combination is released called the Mini HDMI. Physically, it is smaller than a regular HDMI Port but has same 19 Pin. Intended for portable devices like laptops, cameras, camcorders, the Mini HDMI Port isn’t that popular.

HDMI developers introduced a new HDMI Connector and Port called Micro HDMI with HDMI Version 1.4. Micro HDMI also has 19 pins (just like regular HDMI and Mini HDMI) but the pinout is different.

The port of USB Type – C consists of 24 pins. The pinout diagram of USB Type – C is shown below. The latest USB Specifications (USB4) is an USB-C only specification i.e., only USB type C devices can be used with USB4 specifications.

This feature of handling high current is used in the latest Fast Charging Technology where a Smart Phone’s battery will reach its full charge is very less time. So, USB Type C Ports can provide up to 100W of power (which can be used for charging mobile phones and laptops).

A touchscreen or touch screen is the assembly of both an input ("touch panel") and output ("display") device. The touch panel is normally layered on the top of an electronic visual display of an electronic device.

In 1972, a group at the University of Illinois filed for a patent on an optical touchscreenMagnavox Plato IV Student Terminal and thousands were built for this purpose. These touchscreens had a crossed array of 16×16 infrared position sensors, each composed of an LED on one edge of the screen and a matched phototransistor on the other edge, all mounted in front of a monochrome plasma display panel. This arrangement could sense any fingertip-sized opaque object in close proximity to the screen. A similar touchscreen was used on the HP-150 starting in 1983. The HP 150 was one of the world"s earliest commercial touchscreen computers.infrared transmitters and receivers around the bezel of a 9-inch Sony cathode ray tube (CRT).

Multi-touch technology began in 1982, when the University of Toronto"s Input Research Group developed the first human-input multi-touch system, using a frosted-glass panel with a camera placed behind the glass. In 1985, the University of Toronto group, including Bill Buxton, developed a multi-touch tablet that used capacitance rather than bulky camera-based optical sensing systems (see History of multi-touch).

In 1987, Casio launched the Casio PB-1000 pocket computer with a touchscreen consisting of a 4×4 matrix, resulting in 16 touch areas in its small LCD graphic screen.

A resistive touchscreen panel comprises several thin layers, the most important of which are two transparent electrically resistive layers facing each other with a thin gap between. The top layer (that which is touched) has a coating on the underside surface; just beneath it is a similar resistive layer on top of its substrate. One layer has conductive connections along its sides, the other along top and bottom. A voltage is applied to one layer and sensed by the other. When an object, such as a fingertip or stylus tip, presses down onto the outer surface, the two layers touch to become connected at that point.voltage dividers, one axis at a time. By rapidly switching between each layer, the position of pressure on the screen can be detected.

Surface acoustic wave (SAW) technology uses ultrasonic waves that pass over the touchscreen panel. When the panel is touched, a portion of the wave is absorbed. The change in ultrasonic waves is processed by the controller to determine the position of the touch event. Surface acoustic wave touchscreen panels can be damaged by outside elements. Contaminants on the surface can also interfere with the functionality of the touchscreen.

A capacitive touchscreen panel consists of an insulator, such as glass, coated with a transparent conductor, such as indium tin oxide (ITO).electrostatic field, measurable as a change in capacitance. Different technologies may be used to determine the location of the touch. The location is then sent to the controller for processing. Touchscreens that use silver instead of ITO exist, as ITO causes several environmental problems due to the use of indium.complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS) application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) chip, which in turn usually sends the signals to a CMOS digital signal processor (DSP) for processing.

In this basic technology, only one side of the insulator is coated with a conductive layer. A small voltage is applied to the layer, resulting in a uniform electrostatic field. When a conductor, such as a human finger, touches the uncoated surface, a capacitor is dynamically formed. The sensor"s controller can determine the location of the touch indirectly from the change in the capacitance as measured from the four corners of the panel. As it has no moving parts, it is moderately durable but has limited resolution, is prone to false signals from parasitic capacitive coupling, and needs calibration during manufacture. It is therefore most often used in simple applications such as industrial controls and kiosks.

In some designs, voltage applied to this grid creates a uniform electrostatic field, which can be measured. When a conductive object, such as a finger, comes into contact with a PCT panel, it distorts the local electrostatic field at that point. This is measurable as a change in capacitance. If a finger bridges the gap between two of the "tracks", the charge field is further interrupted and detected by the controller. The capacitance can be changed and measured at every individual point on the grid. This system is able to accurately track touches.

Unlike traditional capacitive touch technology, it is possible for a PCT system to sense a passive stylus or gloved finger. However, moisture on the surface of the panel, high humidity, or collected dust can interfere with performance.

Hong, Chan-Hwa; Shin, Jae-Heon; Ju, Byeong-Kwon; Kim, Kyung-Hyun; Park, Nae-Man; Kim, Bo-Sul; Cheong, Woo-Seok (1 November 2013). "Index-Matched Indium Tin Oxide Electrodes for Capacitive Touch Screen Panel Applications". Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology. 13 (11): 7756–7759. doi:10.1166/jnn.2013.7814. PMID 24245328. S2CID 24281861.

This is an intro to the FPD-Link display interface, commonly used in laptop and monitor LCD panels. Information surrounding the exact nature of this interface is scattered all over the internet, so I wrote this article to try and make it easier to understand, and potentially useable in your own projects!

FPD-Link is also known as simply "LVDS", although this is technically incorrect since this refers to just the electrical interface, and LVDS is used for many other interfaces too. The actual interface is called FPD-Link (or also FlatLink by some manufacturers), and describes a general interface for connecting LCD panels to graphics controllers, much like VGA or DVI. However it doesn"t describe an exact data format, so many different options exist for different panels, making it not quite as inter-operable as VGA or DVI.

Fortunately you"ll find most (old) laptop LCD panels will use a de-facto format, so it"s actually not too hard to re-use the screens out of that old stack of laptops you have in the basement!

Flat Panel Display Link (FPD-Link) was created by National Semiconductor as a free and open standard for connecting the output of a GPU or video processor to an LCD panel"s timing controller. It superseeds TTL/CMOS parallel interfaces which were very limited in the resolution they could achieve[1]. Although FPD-Link itself is becoming outdated with the rise of next generation LCD monitors (2440p and 4K!), it is still used in most current generation laptops and desktop monitors. You can read more about the FPD-Link standard in Texas Instruments" app-note[2].

The protocol itself is fairly straight-forward; there"s no complex control/configuration/packetization of the video data, and usually a panel will accept any resolution given to it since it relies on horizontal and vertical synchronization signals like most other video interfaces (See the Synchronization & Timing Section for how this works).

At it"s core, FPD-Link uses a number of Low-Voltage Differential Signalling (LVDS) pairs in order to transfer video data over a high speed link, which is then de-serialized in the LCD panel and used to drive the display. Even though it has less wires than a parallel interface, it allows for much higher speeds due to increased noise tolerance and capabilities of the LVDS pairs (much like how SATA proivdes faster speeds for hard disks than IDE/PATA).

FPD-Link serializes this data into channels containing 7 bits of data per clock cycle, as shown in Figure 2. For a typical video interface with 18 bits per pixel (bpp), there are 21 bits of data per clock serialized into a total of 4 LVDS channels (3 data + 1 clock, or "3D+1C"). There are of course many other configurations possible depending on the number of links and data bits. For example, a dual-link 24 bpp interface (common in desktop monitors) would use 2x 4 LVDS data channels + 2 LVDS clock channels, or "8D+2C". Looking at the pairs of wires on the LCD"s circuit board can provide a very good hint as to which format it uses!

Most old laptop LCDs will likely be 18 bits per pixel (6 bits per colour), and thus use 3 LVDS data pairs and 1 LVDS clock pair (3D+1C). A total of 21 bits are serialized, and the layout inside the LVDS stream is shown in the following timing diagram:[4] [5]

Some panels will support 24 bpp (8 bits per colour), which uses a fourth LVDS data pair (4D+1C) to increase the bit depth while keeping the bandwidth the same. Unfortunately there are two different standards for how the data is serialized for 24 bpp panels! The difference is which bits the fourth data channel (Y3) contains, and it may either contian the least significant bits (LSB) or most significant bits (MSB) of the pixel. According to Texas Instruments, most 24 bit panels assume the MSB is in the 4th channel[3], although contradicting info says that 24 bit LSB panels are the most common[4]. So if in doubt, check your datasheet! The two different formats are shown in the following timing diagrams:[4] [5]

Note that an 18 bpp panel can be driven by a 24 bpp LSB transmitter by simply omitting the 4th channel (Y3), in which case the lower bits are discarded and it acts as if it was transmitting 6 bits per colour. You cannot drive an 18 bpp panel from a 24 bpp MSB transmitter![4]

Some transceivers may even support 30 bit RGB data[6], which use an additional channel (5 LVDS data channels in total). I"m unsure on the exact format of this data as I don"t have any 30 bit LCD panels.

The data framing format is only half the story when interfacing with an FPD-Link display; the synchronization and timing are also important to ensure the pixels the panel receives actually match the physical panel! This is done through the HSYNC, VYSNC, and DE synchronization signals. It"s not immediately obvious, but not all pixels transmitted are actually displayed - some end up in the so called "blank-time" interval. This is a leftover artifact from the days of CRT monitors when the electron beam actually needed time to move between rows and frames![7] For backwards compatibility the blank-time is still present in DVI & VGA outputs, which is sad because it"s not required at all in digital panels!

If you have a datasheet for your LCD panel, it will usually include a timing diagram specifying the values you should use to display a valid picture. This information is also reflected in the panel"s EDID (if present). Generally this information can be represented in the form of a Coordinated Video Timing (CVT), a VESA standard specifying common timing formats for different resolutions[9].

Some next-gen monitors are moving to a eDP (embedded Display Port), which is pretty much just display port, so it is possible to connect such a display directly to a display port capable video card. I will not go into more detail about it here since I don"t have any of these types of display panels, and my computer doesn"t have display port anyway! However I have heard you can obtain iPad displays cheaply online which use eDP, and can be used as a secondary high-DPI monitor with a simple re-wired display port cable and backlight driver.[12] [13] [14]

MIPI DSI is another protocol widely used in current-gen smartphone/tablet LCDs. It is lower power than FPD-Link and supports higher resolutions. Unfortunately the standard isn"t available to the public so it"s shrouded in mystery, although I have seen one project successfully interface such a display through the use of an FPGA[15], and another project reverse engineering the iPod nano LCD[16]. The popular Raspberry Pi also has a MIPI DSI connector for driving an LCD, but as of the time of writing there is no information on how to use it.

Extended Display Identification Data (EDID) is used as a way to tell the host computer how to drive the panel, and what formats it supports[17]. It"s simply a 256 byte EEPROM chip that communicates over I2C, and both VGA and DVI cables provide signals for this. It makes it possible to connect a panel to a computer and have the computer automatically know what resolution it should output.

This makes re-using an LCD panel a lot easier, since the computer will know exactly how to drive your panel! (provided you have an appropriate LVDS driver)

DISCLAIMER: Reverse-engineering is tricky buisiness. You may permanently damage either your panel or laptop, so don"t do it on anything important! You are responsible for your own safety.

If you don"t have a datsheet for your LCD panel, it is still possible to re-use it with some reverse-engineering skills. This is easiest if you have the LCD connected to a working laptop so you can probe the signals.

EDID should consist of 3 wires: SDA, SCL, and V_EDID. SDA/SCL will be pulled high to V_EDID, so you should find 3 pins at a common voltage. You can verify that they are EDID by using an oscilloscope and checking for data when you boot the laptop.

The LVDS wires should also be easy to locate - they are always routed as pairs on the PCB, and the wires may be twisted or shielded. For a laptop LCD there should be 3-4 pairs.

There are two main types of backlighting in LCD panels: CCFL (Flurorescent), and LED. CCFL was widely used in older laptops before LED backlights came around, and are pretty obvious because you will find a large inverter module with a transformer on it, probably covered in "Warning: High Voltage!" stickers. These transformers usually have multiple pins: +V, GND, and Enable/Dimming pins. +V is usually either +12V or +5V.

LED backlights result in much thinner displays, and usually need a dedicated driver, which may or may not be built into the LCD panel. LED backlights may be split into an Anode and several Cathode wires, consiting of several "strings" of LEDs.

Start by disconnecting the power supply & backlight and connecting it to your own supply (with the LVDS still connected to your laptop if possible). You should hopefully see some change in appearance of the panel.

If you want to use an LVDS LCD panel with a computer or SBC, you will need to find a way to interface it with your device. Since most computers/SBCs don"t have LVDS outputs, you will probably need an HDMI/DVI to LVDS converter board. Here are some options for interfacing:

Apparently you can ask the seller to match the driver board to your LCD"s datasheet, although I"ve never tried this. It should mostly just work with your panel provided it has an EDID chip.

In all the above cases you will need to ensure the data format of your LCD panel matches the data format of your LVDS driver. As mentioned earlier, the most common format for old LCD panels is 18bpp (3D+1C), which is compatible with a 24bpp LSB driver (since the 4th output channel Y3 can be ommitted)

Splitters are supported in DisplayPort connections, for example, which will allow you to use one port on the laptop to connect a number of monitors, although this isn’t a very economical way to do it since it might be a bit expensive.

Alternatively, if you have a hub or a laptop with a DVI, USB-C, Displayport, and HDMI, feel free to mix and match the monitors. Do bear in mind that you’ll need to select the best input for each monitor’s specification so that you get the best refresh rate and resolution out of each one. This is known as the “all-hands-on-deck” strategy.

If you"re in the market for a new laptop, be sure to have a look at our best business laptops guide, as we always value devices with plenty of connectivity options.