reuse old tv lcd screen factory

Well, not only can you save a piece of old technology from the scrapheap, but you also can repurpose a mundane blank screen into a range of intriguing projects.

Not only can you now spend a rainy afternoon or two taking apart your busted LCD screen, you’ll get that insider’s view of all the interesting circuitry that goes into these electronic devices that are a part of everyday life.

If you are an artist or photographer, you will be well aware of the importance and expense of lighting. But what if we told you that you could make a powerful, portable DIY light panel from an old LCD screen?

This amazing LCD screen hack produces a high-quality panel light that radiates daylight quality light. An equivalent panel light can cost well over a hundred dollars!

We have to admit we were skeptical about this LCD screen project, but the walk-through provided by the BrunaLab team in Florida was convincing. These scientists were more than qualified to take apart an old Panasonic screen to make a StarTrek-worthy infinity table.

This tutorial is a little more than purchasing some IKEA table legs to screw into the screen to make a coffee table (the original hack). Emilio Bruna decided to take his project in a high art direction to produce an infinity lighting effect with blue LEDs.

Again with a little electronic know-how, wiring and battery-powered LED lights an infinity TV coffee table was born. The turnaround of this project was within a day which makes it doable on a weekend that you have free.

We love the futuristic results of the LCD recycling project and the low costs. Emilio Bruna’s project came in at $73 all in, with a wacky blue lighting pattern that kept his kids glued to the coffee table screen!

If you are a tech and electronics enthusiast, you will be aware of the Raspberry Pi revolution. These remarkable single-board computers have the processing power to be put to work in a wide range of projects, including partnering with your broken LCD screen to make your high-end digitized smart mirror!

There are loads of tutorials for this LCD screen mirror which vary in cost, complexity, and overall swagger. The majority of them, place the LCD screen behind a two-way mirror and rely on the WiFi-enabled Raspberry Pi3.

The basics of this build include combining an old OHP projector and laying a stripped-down LCD on the glass of the projector. The OHP does all the hard work of projecting your movie or game.

The like the old school OHPs the visual effect of this projector will be strongest in very low light as the claim to High Definition projection may be a little too enthusiastic.

Also, the LCD does age quite quickly in this arrangement as the light passing through the denuded screen damages the LCD. However, you can definitely gather the family round for a decent movie night or two before it all falls apart!

Raspberry Pi comes to the rescue again as the perfect partner for repurposing your own screen. After all the Raspberry Pi is a computer with no screen to call its own.

This project totally blew us away. How cool is a transparent screen that you can see through while you stream films or play games?! Though this project is not for amateurs it is possible to requisition a discarded LCD TV and create a see-through screen.

To achieve this, you will need an expert takedown of the TV, sepearating every single layer of the screen and building up a custom design and housing.

A broken LCD screen is a potential hazard to your health and the environment so it is important that you handle the screen safely to prevent injury or harm.

Though the screen has liquid crystal, the amount contained within a busted screen is small and unlikely to cause a hazardous spill because it is viscous.

Over the years I have collected quite a few laptops (among many other things…). I usually pick them up when my friends and relatives get a new laptop and they throw away the old ones. Most of these laptops are not working and/or very old (i.e. around 15 years old, sometimes even more). I collect them because, even though they are not usable any more as laptops, I can sometimes fix them up just so much that they can be converted to a digital picture frame, or I remove some parts of it and make use of those in some way, like use a laptop touchpad on a PC.

Since I was running out of space to store these laptops, a few weeks ago I decided to remove the usable parts from some of the very old laptops that were beyond hope, and recycle what’s left of them.

The shiniest part you can salvage from an old/broken laptop is arguably the LCD panel. Most of the time the LCD panel of an old laptop has no problem at all (if there is a problem with the display of a laptop it’s mostly not the LCD panel itself but the inverter).

After a short research on the subject on the internet it became clear that, although theoretically it seems like an easy job to find matching pieces, there are many variations of the above circuits and it’s easy to get the wrong ones. To make matters worse, you usually have one shot: you either get the right components for the first try, or the LCD panel gives you negative feedback in the form of smoke signals…

Most on-line retailers have no idea what driver and inverter a particular LCD panel requires. They expect you to know what exactly you are looking for. (Which is probably right, from a technical point of view, but they lose a lot of business by not being able to help non-LCD-specialist customers.) Since I know next to nothing about LCD panels I was looking for a retailer who could provide me with a kit specific to my LCD panel based on the model number of my LCD panel (which is always clearly printed on the back of the LCD panel).

After just a few e-mails I was ready to order not one but two kits for two of my LCD panels to give them a try. I have many more LCDs to salvage this way and if this method works out I will order more kits from the same seller, for sure, won’t bother experimenting with other sellers.

Each LCD panel requires a specific set of driver and inverter modules. These modules look a bit differently for each, however, once you have the right kit for your LCD panel in your hands, figuring them out is pretty straightforward.

Inverter: this produces the high voltage needed for the LCD backlight. You are not supposed to touch it while in use. It comes in protective plastic, so it’s really difficult to get electrocuted…

The pictures following come mixed from the two LCD panels I got – the steps for both (and probably most LCD panels) are identical though, and only the used kits are different.

Once there is only one pair of (usually red and white) cable sticking out of the LCD panel’s side and nothing else, it is probably ready to receive the new inverter and driver boards.

First attach the connector from the driver board. Pin #1 is marked on both the connector and the receptacle, but neither is very visible, so you have to be alert. Orientation of the connector is critical. Attaching the connector the wrong way almost certainly guarantees to kill the LCD panel. The receptacle may break as well, if a connector is forced into it the wrong way.

Once everything checks out, connect a supported video source and a power supply to the driver board. It is recommended to use a high quality power supply of 12V DC with a minimum of 4A rating to get the screen going. The same seller sells suitable power supplies, but I happened to have a couple of 12V 15A power supplies which I could use to test these setups.

These cheap driver / inverter board combos are a great way to give your old LCD screens a new life. They come in many flavours allowing you to use a wide range of resolutions, screen sizes, and video sources.

Hooking up all the cables and boards from such a kit takes a few minutes only and doesn’t really require any specialized skills (apart from being very careful with the delicate parts that break easily). Not even soldering is required.

Maybe it"s old. Maybe it stopped working. Maybe you just want a bigger TV. Regardless of the reason, take some time away from drooling over your new TV prospects and spare a moment for your old one. That trusty TV that gave you seven great seasons of Game of Thrones (and one other) and countless movies, and showed your favorite teams winning, or not winning, the Super Bowl, World Series, Stanley Cup or some variation of all three. Are you just planning on throwing out your old TV? Actually, don"t.

Fortunately, many of the options for getting rid of an old TV don"t cost you anything, other than perhaps a little bit of your time. Here"s what to do. For more, check out whether

No matter what you intend to do with your TV, make sure you log out of all your streaming accounts. Then go one step further and do a factory reset, which you can find buried in the user menu. Obviously having somebody

First of all, you need local pickup for a TV. No matter how well you pack a TV, even if you have the original box, it"s probably not going to survive the trip. Modern TVs are far too fragile. Now the seller has to deal with a broken TV and you have to give the buyer their money back.

And that"s if you can sell it. Used TVs depreciate quickly, in part because new TVs are getting cheaper and cheaper. That TV you spent $2,000 on? Maybe you can get $200. Check out the "Is your TV worth anything?" section at the bottom.

There"s also Goodwill, Salvation Army, Savers or another drop-off secondhand retailer. You"ll need to bring the TV to one of their locations. Check their website to see if they"ll accept your TV"s type and size. For instance, they probably won"t take an old

Some cities and local jurisdictions offer TV recycling, either drop-off at a recycling center or as part of your regular curbside pickup. Contact your local government to find out details.

There are a number of organizations that will help recycle your electronics, including TVs. Check out the EPA"s page for more info. MRM Recycling also has a page to help you locate options in your area.

Most people remember what they paid for a TV and assume it"s still worth something years after they bought it. This just isn"t true. TVs have gotten so inexpensive there just isn"t much of a market for used televisions these days, especially if the TV wasn"t that expensive to begin with.

Now, there are exceptions to these rules. You might be able to find a collector for your 500-pound RCA console TV. Maybe an archeology major is doing a project on early flat-panel TVs and finds your mint Fujitsu a prime candidate for their dissertation.

As well as covering TV and other display tech, Geoff does photo tours of cool museums and locations around the world, including nuclear submarines, massive aircraft carriers, medieval castles, epic 10,000 mile road trips, and more. Check out Tech Treks for all his tours and adventures.

-If you crack LCD screens and find the liquid crystal leakage, don’t panic. Just remember that the liquid crystal materials might not be more toxic than your detergents for stove or washroom. Just wash your hands with soup throughout. Never try to play with it or even worse to taste it. The liquid of the cracked computer screen will not evaporate, no emissions worries.

-Any electronics has environment impact and can’t be used landfills. If you want to get rid of old LCD monitors or LCD TVs, give them to electronic collection stations. Let’s the professionals to handle them. They will extract some precious metals/parts and make them into something useful or at least not hazard. FYI, liquid crystal materials are retrievable.

A funky way to reuse your old TV…not LCD one but very old one…make shelves with them ! DIY: TV Shelf in furniture electronics diy with Television Shelves DIY

A computer monitor works the same as a TV screen. Using a computer monitor as a TV will help save you some bucks, and it also saves you space in your house. Today, it is becoming more common to take a multipurpose device and use it for several purposes.

TVs and computer monitors are the same, whether LCD or tube models. If your TV set dies, you can replace it with your old monitor instead of buying a new one. You can turn your LCD monitor into an LCD TV. You only need to ensure the monitor can connect to your cable or satellite receiver to watch TV.

Whether you are talking about a new PC monitor that you want to dual-purpose or an old monitor that you want to reuse, turning a monitor into a TV screen is an excellent idea.

TVs have a lot in common with computer monitors. For example, both devices offer you HD displays for different activities. Their size, functionality, and prices can be the same. While PC monitors and TV screens have a lot of similarities, they also feature some differences, including:

TV screens support various inputs, including HDMI, VGA, and USB. A computer monitor supports most of the inputs supported by a TV except a coaxial cable connection.

The two displays feature various similarities, but they also have several distinctions. You can also compare the two displays in terms of prices, with the cheapest television costing less than $100 and as high as $50,000. The price variance is dependent on various factors, including ports, resolution, inputs, and screen type. On the other hand, you can get a computer monitor for as low as $80, and the price can go beyond $5,000.

The latest TV sets are more expensive than the fanciest computer monitors since they use a display technology that is not yet available for PC monitors. Both TVs and computer monitors can support up to 8K resolutions, thus offering the best quality images.

It is possible to turn your old monitor into a TV screen if it has specific capabilities. However, it may not be as simple as plugging in the cable box into a monitor and starting to watch TV. You need to consider factors, and you may have to make some adjustments to your monitor to use it as a TV. Some of the elements you need to consider include:

You also need to consider the monitor"s screen resolution as not all monitors come with a high resolution. A monitor for watching TV should have a minimum of 720p screen resolution

Converting a monitor into a TV is an effortless process if the monitor has an HDMI port. You can use an HDMI cable to connect it to various devices. However, some old model monitors don"t have an HDMI port but a VGA port.

A TV tuner is essential for hooking an antenna or cable signal to your computer monitor. The TV tuner is responsible for decoding the signal coming in and transforming it into pictures. Most TVs built after 2006 come with a built-in tuner that helps to convert signals into audio and video. Thus, you can connect an antenna or cable line to your TV without requiring an external TV tuner.

However, computer monitors don"t have built-in tuners. Thus, you"ll have to use an external TV tuner to convert the cable or antenna signal to video and audio.

Hooking a cable box to your computer monitor is an effortless process. If your PC monitor comes with quality built-in audio with an HDMI port, connecting a cable box is similar to using your TV. You should plug one side of the cable to the HDMI output of the cable box, while the second end should go to the HDMI input of the monitor.

What if you don"t want to develop a smart TV setup or have a WiFi connection or a cable box? You can use a TV tuner and an antenna with your PC monitor in such a case. You only need to know how to make it work and have the right tools.

Connect external speakers to the cable satellite box or the TV tuner if the monitor lacks speakers. You can use RCA composite cables to connect the speakers to the audio output of the video output. You will require red and white plugs audio cables.

Monitors usually have lower input lag, higher refresh rates and faster response time than TVs, which make them a better choice for gaming (there are exceptions, such as OLED TVs). On the other side, TVs are larger and more affordable, so they are fantastic for watching movies and TV shows, as well as console gaming.

There are a lot of differences between a TV and a monitor, and the choice between the two mostly depends on what type of content you’ll be browsing through and what games you will be playing

If you have an old monitor in your house, it"ll be an excellent idea to turn it into a TV instead of throwing it away. You can also use a new monitor to watch TV instead of buying a new set. Using a monitor as a TV will help save you money and space in your home. Turning a monitor to a TV screen is a straightforward process, provided it has the necessary connection ports. It"ll be best if the monitor supports HDMI for video and audio. If the monitor doesn"t come with built-in speakers or a headphone jack for connecting external speakers, you"ll have to use an audio extractor.

Besides checking if the monitor has the necessary connection ports, you should also consider its resolution. A monitor for watching TV should have a minimum of 720p resolution. Additionally, monitors may be limited in size than the big-screen TVs in the market. Also, a monitor may not feature the latest display technology.

TV manufacturers cut their manufacturing costs to offer competitive prices (a part of why TV prices are lower too). Moreover, TVs are purchased in higher quantities than monitors, so it"s easier to sell TVs cheaper for a profit than monitors.

The Google Chromecast is a media-streaming stick that plugs directly and discreetly into any free HDMI port and turns any monitor into what is essentially a fully functioning smart TV once paired with a phone, tablet or computer.

Yes. In fact, you may find the picture quality better than some TVs due to the high resolution and fast refresh rate. It is easy to use your gaming monitor to watch TV, you can use TV apps installed on your games console or on your gaming PC.

Ames residents are not currently regulated for the disposal of e-waste; however, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency requires businesses to treat computer monitors (CRTs) and TVs as hazardous waste.

If you"re a resident and want to get rid of your own home computers or TVs, take them to Goodwill, Mid-Iowa Computers or Best Buy, or you can still throw them away. You will need to call your garbage hauler to find out if there"s an additional charge to pick these up for you at your residence with the rest of your trash. You can also bring them to the Resource Recovery Plant; we don"t charge per item, we charge by the vehicle: $10 per carload, $25 per pickup load. Only two units per residential customer will be accepted per day at the Resource Recovery Plant.

Goodwill Industries, 3718 Lincoln Way, Ames, accepts ONLY WORKING, FLAT SCREEN TVs that are cable-ready; no console or old tube-style TVs. They will accept computer monitors (and any other computer componentssuchastower, mouse, keyboard, printers, etc.) for refurbishing/resale and recycling, at no charge.

Best Buy, 1220 S. Duff Avenue charges $25 each to recycle your old TVs (up to 32"), laptops, or monitors under 32" measured diagonally, flat panel TVs under 37" measured diagonally, and any other old electronics. However, they do not take console TVs, nor small or large appliances. Click HERE for more info.

In California, it is illegal to put electronic equipment in the trash. Many electronic devices contain toxic chemicals that can leak from the landfill and contaminate groundwater and soil. Electronic devices are those that have a circuit board and/or LCD screen.

Please note that the HHW facilities will recycle and/or safely dispose of all accepted electronics, small appliances, and electrical items that are dropped off, but they do not repair, refurbish, or donate working electronics. For the highest and best use, please consider repairing broken items or donating working electronics for reuse rather than disposing of them. For more information, check out our Re:Source guide.

Small "electrical" appliances that have a plug but no computer chip or LCD screen are not hazardous waste. Find repair and reuse options for small appliances (working and non-working) in RE:Source Guide.

Whether you’re upgrading to a bigger flat screen or laying a defective one to rest, there comes a time when you must dispose of your television. You can either throw the TV in the garbage, where it will likely end up in a landfill, or you can recycle it and give it new life.

But how exactly does recycling a television work? Can you recycle any old television? Where do you go to recycle it? In this post, we’ll answer these and any other burning questions you may have about recycling a TV.

The first thing to determine is the type of television you have. There are two main kinds: CRT and HDTV. The CRT, or Cathode Ray Tube, was more prominent in the 90s and early 2000s, and refers to television sets that were bulkier and used a fluorescent tube for its internals.According to a 2011 EPA-commissioned report, over 580 million CRT televisions have been sold in the U.S. since the 1980s, not counting computer monitors. The HDTV is flatter and uses the more energy efficient LCD, LED, or Plasma technology (the latter of which has been mostly phased out).

Between the two, CRTs have been harder to recycle due to their design. They typically hold lead, cadmium-based phosphorus, and other toxic chemicals in the box. Because of these chemicals, disposing of a CRT can actually be dangerous and harmful. Recyclers are able to separate the chemicals safely and reuse the glass panels for new television sets. The lead is trickier to recycle but can be reused for certain cleaning agents.

Both kinds of television are also designed with a substantial amount of plastic, typically around the bezel, the stand, and the television remote. Modern televisions are thankfully made with recyclable plastics, so recyclers can reuse it in new televisions, or other similar devices.

TVs also have a handful of microchips that work to power the system and display an image on the screen. These microchips are made from a mixture of silicon and metal. They can be salvaged, shredded, or smelted towards new devices.

Recycling is just one solution for sustainable disposal. These old television sets, if still in a working condition, can also be donated to schools, shelters, faith-based services, and other community organizations. CRTs can last up to 11 years, so if it has only been lightly used, it can always find life in a different home.

CRTs are also slowly becoming antiques. Whereas once they may have been considered old pieces of junk, as they become increasingly difficult to produce and find, they are regaining value in pawn shops and resellers. This, of course, also depends on the quality of the television.

Ultimately, recycling is still the best option for salvaging an old television set. For one, most TVs die out, preventing you from donating or reselling them. Second, they help divert salvageable and reusable materials into the production facilities for new TVs. Finally, recycling can also benefit recyclers and their teams with more business.

If you own a CRT and are planning to recycle it, you must go to a special recycling facility. This is the only way to ensure that the toxic chemicals are safely removed and that the useful materials are reused. If you own a company and are caught improperly disposing of old televisions, there is a chance that you may even be fined for your infraction.

Securis accepts TVs at their monthly recycling event, although there is a fee associated with recycling a television. At the time of this publication, the fees are as follows:

Electronics are one of the greatest inventions ever made. They make lives easier and provide entertainment for all who own them. Unfortunately, TVs and other electronics are rarely built to last. Even when they are, technology changes so rapidly that TVs become outdated in just a few years. Instead of throwing them out, consider TV recycling. Television sets contain precious metals and other materials that can be recycled and reused. Sending them to landfills significantly reduces the likelihood of this happening.

Cathode-ray tube TVs are the old television sets that were popular until LCDs began to replace them in the late 90s and early 2000s. These television sets use a phosphorescent screen to display images. As a reminder, we do not recycle these types of TV.

Liquid-crystal display televisions heralded in a new era of clearer picture quality. While they were first recommended for computer monitor use, this type of TV finally outsold CRT TVs by 2007. It remained the most popular choice for some time.

These TVs use tiny plasma cells that react to electronic fields. They were the first screens larger than 32 inches to become popular in everyday homes. American companies stopped making these in 2014 due to stiff competition from LED TVs.

Light-emitting diode TVs rely on pixels to display images. This, too, first became popular among computers before taking the TV industry by storm. The screens are generally clearer and brighter than LCD screens while being more energy-efficient.

One of the most recent developments in TV design and manufacturing is the use of organic light-emitting diodes. Like LEDs, the compound used reacts to electric currents to create images. This type of screen is popular on not just TVs but also phones and laptops.

For some people, identifying the type of TV is fairly easy. You may remember what was written on the box at the time you bought it or what you ordered online. If not, these tips can help.

Some people keep the box for years without throwing it out. Check the garage, attic or basement to see if you still have yours handy. The type of TV will be written on it.

If you ordered the TV online, such as through Best Buy or Amazon, you might find the receipt by doing a search in your email or via your account. The digital receipt should say what kind of TV it is.

Every TV has stickers advertising what type it is. You may have removed the obvious ones on the front, but the ones on the back should still be there. Check to see what is written there.

If the labels you find do not clearly state what kind of TV it is, search for the model number or serial number online. The manufacturer’s website, a seller or even a forum should provide you with the information you need.

If you plan to recycle your TV, it’s a good idea to plan ahead. Don’t wait until the last minute to figure out what to do with it, because the likelihood of simply throwing it out might increase. Next, do research on the companies in your area.

High Tech Recycling LLC handles recycling for Michigan consumers in Oakland County, Wayne County, Macomb County and the Metro-Detroit area. You can either drop off your TV or schedule a pickup. Contact us today!

The amount of pollutants produced during manufacturing processes of TFT-LCD (thin-film transistor liquid crystal display) substantially increases due to an increasing production of the opto-electronic industry in Taiwan. The total amount of wastewater from TFT-LCD manufacturing plants is expected to exceed 200,000 CMD in the near future. Typically, organic solvents used in TFT-LCD manufacturing processes account for more than 33% of the total TFT-LCD wastewater. The main components of these organic solvents are composed of the stripper (dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) and monoethanolamine (MEA)), developer (tetra-methyl ammonium hydroxide (TMAH)) and chelating agents. These compounds are recognized as non-or slow-biodegradable organic compounds and little information is available regarding their biological treatability. In this study, the performance of an A/O SBR (anoxic/oxic sequencing batch reactor) treating synthetic TFT-LCD wastewater was evaluated. The long-term experimental results indicated that the A/O SBR was able to achieve stable and satisfactory removal performance for DMSO, MEA and TMAH at influent concentrations of 430, 800, and 190 mg/L, respectively. The removal efficiencies for all three compounds examined were more than 99%. In addition, batch tests were conducted to study the degradation kinetics of DMSO, MEA, and TMAH under aerobic, anoxic, and anaerobic conditions, respectively. The organic substrate of batch tests conducted included 400 mg/L of DMSO, 250 mg/L of MEA, and 120 mg/L of TMAH. For DMSO, specific DMSO degradation rates under aerobic and anoxic conditions were both lower than 4 mg DMSO/g VSS-hr. Under anaerobic conditions, the specific DMSO degradation rate was estimated to be 14 mg DMSO/g VSS-hr, which was much higher than those obtained under aerobic and anoxic conditions. The optimum specific MEA and TMAH degradation rates were obtained under aerobic conditions with values of 26.5 mg MEA/g VSS-hr and 17.3 mg TMAH/g VSS

The amount of pollutants produced during manufacturing processes of thin-film transistor liquid crystal display (TFT-LCD) substantially increases due to an increasing production of the opto-electronic industry in Taiwan. This study presents the treatment performance of one aerobic and one anoxic/oxic (A/O) sequencing batch reactors (SBRs) treating synthetic TFT-LCD wastewater containing dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), monoethanolamine (MEA), and tetra-methyl ammonium hydroxide (TMAH). The long-term monitoring results for the aerobic and A/O SBRs demonstrate that stable biodegradation of DMSO, MEA, and TMAH can be achieved without any considerably adverse impacts. The ammonium released during MEA and TMAH degradation can also be completely oxidized to nitrate through nitrification in both SBRs. Batch studies on biodegradation rates for DMSO, MEA, and TMAH under anaerobic, anoxic, and aerobic conditions indicate that effective MEA degradation can be easily achieved under all three conditions examined, while efficient DMSO and TMAH degradation can be attained only under anaerobic and aerobic conditions, respectively. The potential odor problem caused by the formation of malodorous dimethyl sulfide from DMSO degradation under anaerobic conditions, however, requires insightful consideration in treating DMSO-containing wastewater. Copyright (c) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Fluorinated greenhouse gases (F-GHGs) are among the most potent and persistent greenhouse gases contributing to global climate change. Learn about the manufacturing processes which release F-GHGs, and how LCD suppliers are working to reduce emissions.

This research is mainly to explore the treatment capacity for TFT-LCD industrial wastewater recycling by the processes combined with membrane bioreactor (MBR), reverse osmosis (RO) and ozone(O3). The organic wastewater from the TFT-LCD industry was selected as the target. MBR, RO and ozone plants were established for evaluation. An MBR plant consisted of a 2-stage anoxic/aerobic bioreactor and an immersed UF membrane unit was employed. The effluent of MBR was conducted into the RO system then into the ozone system. The RO system consisted of a spiral membrane in the vessel. One bubble column, 75 cm high and diameter 5 cm, were used as the ozonation reactor. On the bottom of ozonation reactor is a porous diffuser for releasing gas, with an aperture of 100 microm (0.1 cm). Over the whole experimental period, the MBR process achieved a satisfactory organic removal. The COD could be removed with an average of over 98.5%. For the TOC item, the average removal efficiency was 97.4%. The stable effluent quality and satisfactory removal performance were ensured by the efficient interception performance of an immersed UF membrane device incorporated with the biological reactor. Moreover, the MBR effluent did not contain any suspended solids and the SDI value was under 3. After the treatment of RO, excellent water quality was found. The water quality of permeate was under 5 mg/I, 2 mg/l and 50 micros/cm for COD, TOC and conductivity respectively. The treated water can be recycled and reused for the cooling tower make-up water or other purposes. After the treatment of ozone, the treated water quality was under 5 mg/l and 0.852 mg/l for COD and TOC respectively. The test results of MBR, MBR/RO and MBR/RO/ozone processes were compared as possible appropriate treatment technologies applied in TFT-LCD industrial wastewater reuse and recycling.

In TFT-LCD industry, water plays a variety of roles as a cleaning agent and reaction solvent. As good quality water is increasingly a scarce resource and wastewater treatment costs rises, the once-through use of industrial water is becoming uneconomical and environmentally unacceptable. Instead, recycling of TFT-LCD industrial wastewater is become more attractive from both an economic and environmental perspective. This research is mainly to explore the capacity of TFT-LCD industrial wastewater recycling by the process combined with membrane bioreactor and reverse osmosis processes. Over the whole experimental period, the MBR process achieved a satisfactory organic removal. The COD could be removed with an average of over 97.3%. For TOC and BOD5 items, the average removal efficiencies were 97.8 and 99.4% respectively. The stable effluent quality and satisfactory removal performance were ensured by the efficient interception performance of the UF membrane device incorporated with biological reactor. Moreover, the MBR effluent did not contain any suspended solids and the SDI value was under 3. After treatment of RO, excellent water quality of permeate were under 5 mg/l, 2.5 mg/l and 150 micros/cm for COD, TOC and conductivity respectively. The treated water can be recycled for the cooling tower make-up water or other purposes.

This study evaluated TMAH biodegradation under methanogenic conditions. Under methanogenic conditions, a sludge from a full-scale UASB treating TFT-LCD wastewater was able to degrade 2,000 mg/L of TMAH within 10 h and attained a specific degradation rate of 19.2 mgTMAH/gVSS-h. Furthermore, several chemicals including some surfactants, DMSO, and sulfate were examined for their potential inhibitory effects on TMAH biodegradation under methanogenic conditions. The results indicated that surfactant S1 (up to 2%) and DMSO (up to 1,000 mg/L) presented negligible inhibitory effects on TMAH degradation, while surfactant S2 (0.2-1%) might inhibit methanogenic reaction without any TMAH degradation for 3-5 h. At sulfate concentrations higher than 300 mg/L, a complete inhibition of methanogenic reaction and TMAH biodegradation was observed. Results from cloning and sequencing of archaeal 16S rRNA gene fragments showed that Methanosarcina barkeri and Methanosarcina mazei were the dominant methanogens in the UASB treating TMAH-containing TFT-LCD wastewater.

The objectives of this study are: (1) to determine the effect of pH, initial concentration of Fe(2+) and H(2)O(2) dosage on the removal efficiency of MEA by fluidized-bed Fenton process and Fenton process, (2) to determine the optimal conditions for the degradation of ethanolamine from TFT-LCD wastewater by fluidized-bed Fenton process. In the design of experiment, the Box-Behnken design was used to optimize the operating conditions. A removal efficiency of 98.9% for 5mM MEA was achieved after 2h under optimal conditions of pH3, [Fe(2+)]=5mM and [H(2)O(2)]=60mM. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

This study evaluated biological treatment of TMAH in a full-scale methanogenic up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) followed by an aerobic bioreactor. In general, the UASB was able to perform a satisfactory TMAH degradation efficiency, but the effluent COD of the aerobic bioreactor seemed to increase with an increased TMAH in the influent wastewater. The batch test results confirmed that the UASB sludge under methanogenic conditions would be favored over the aerobic ones for TMAH treatment due to its superb ability of handling high strength of TMAH-containing wastewaters. Based on batch experiments, inhibitory chemicals present in TFT-LCD wastewater like surfactants and sulfate should be avoided to secure a stable methanogenic TMAH degradation. Finally, molecular monitoring of Methanomethylovorans hollandica and Methanosarcina mazei in the full-scale plant, the dominant methanogens in the UASB responsible for TMAH degradation, may be beneficial for a stable TMAH treatment performance. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

International Display Consortium (IDC) is the joining together of display companies to combined their buying power and obtained favorable terms with a major LCD manufacturer. Consolidating the buying power and grouping the demand enables the rugged display industry of avionics, ground vehicles, and ship based display manufacturers to have unencumbered access to high performance AMLCDs while greatly reducing risk and lowering cost. With an unrestricted supply of AMLCD displays, the consortium members have total control of their risk, cost, deliveries and added value partners. Every display manufacturer desires a very close relationship with a display vender. With IDC each consortium member achieves a close relationship. Consortium members enjoy cost effective access to high performance, industry standard sized LCD panels, and modified commercial displays with 100 degree C clearing points and portrait configurations. Consortium members also enjoy proposal support, technical support and long-term support.

Defect detection has been considered an efficient way to increase the yield rate of panels in thin film transistor liquid crystal display (TFT-LCD) manufacturing. In this study we focus on the array process since it is the first and key process in TFT-LCD manufacturing. Various defects occur in the array process, and some of them could cause great damage to the LCD panels. Thus, how to design a method that can robustly detect defects from the images captured from the surface of LCD panels has become crucial. Previously, support vector data description (SVDD) has been successfully applied to LCD defect detection. However, its generalization performance is limited. In this paper, we propose a novel one-class machine learning method, called quasiconformal kernel SVDD (QK-SVDD) to address this issue. The QK-SVDD can significantly improve generalization performance of the traditional SVDD by introducing the quasiconformal transformation into a predefined kernel. Experimental results, carried out on real LCD images provided by an LCD manufacturer in Taiwan, indicate that the proposed QK-SVDD not only obtains a high defect detection rate of 96%, but also greatly improves generalization performance of SVDD. The improvement has shown to be over 30%. In addition, results also show that the QK-SVDD defect detector is able to accomplish the task of defect detection on an LCD image within 60 ms. PMID:22016625

Defect detection has been considered an efficient way to increase the yield rate of panels in thin film transistor liquid crystal display (TFT-LCD) manufacturing. In this study we focus on the array process since it is the first and key process in TFT-LCD manufacturing. Various defects occur in the array process, and some of them could cause great damage to the LCD panels. Thus, how to design a method that can robustly detect defects from the images captured from the surface of LCD panels has become crucial. Previously, support vector data description (SVDD) has been successfully applied to LCD defect detection. However, its generalization performance is limited. In this paper, we propose a novel one-class machine learning method, called quasiconformal kernel SVDD (QK-SVDD) to address this issue. The QK-SVDD can significantly improve generalization performance of the traditional SVDD by introducing the quasiconformal transformation into a predefined kernel. Experimental results, carried out on real LCD images provided by an LCD manufacturer in Taiwan, indicate that the proposed QK-SVDD not only obtains a high defect detection rate of 96%, but also greatly improves generalization performance of SVDD. The improvement has shown to be over 30%. In addition, results also show that the QK-SVDD defect detector is able to accomplish the task of defect detection on an LCD image within 60 ms.

Green supply chain has become an important topic these days due to pollution, global warming, extreme climatic events, etc. A green product is manufactured with the goal of reducing the damage to the environment and limiting the use of energy and other resources at any stage of its life, including raw materials, manufacture, use, and disposal. Carbon footprint is a good measure of the impact that a product has on the environment, especially in climate change, in the entire lifetime of the product. Carbon footprint is directly linked to CO2 emission; thus, the reduction of CO2 emission must be considered in the product life cycle. Although more and more researchers are working on the green supply chain management in the past few years, few have incorporated CO2 emission or carbon footprint into the green supply chain system. Therefore, this research aims to propose an integrated model for facilitating the new product development (NPD) for green and low-carbon products. In this research, a systematic model based on quality function deployment (QFD) is constructed for developing green and low-carbon products in a TFT-LCD manufacturer. Literature review and interviews with experts are done first to collect the factors for developing and manufacturing green and low-carbon products. Fuzzy Delphi method (FDM) is applied next to extract the important factors, and fuzzy interpretive structural modeling (FISM) is used subsequently to understand the relationships among factors. A house of quality (HOQ) for product planning is built last. The results shall provide important information for a TFT-LCD firm in designing a new product.

This study investigated the linkage between performance of two full-scale membrane bioreactor (MBR) systems treating thin-film transistor liquid crystal display (TFT-LCD) wastewater and the population dynamics of dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO)/dimethylsulfide (DMS) degrading bacteria. High DMSO degradation efficiencies were achieved in both MBRs, while the levels of nitrification inhibition due to DMS production from DMSO degradation were different in the two MBRs. The results of real-time PCR targeting on DMSO/DMS degrading populations, including Hyphomicrobium and Thiobacillus spp., indicated that a higher DMSO oxidation efficiency occurred at a higher Hyphomicrobium spp. abundance in the systems, suggesting that Hyphomicrobium spp. may be more important for complete DMSO oxidation to sulfate compared with Thiobacillus spp. Furthermore, Thiobacillus spp. was more abundant during poor nitrification, while Hyphomicrobium spp. was more abundant during good nitrification. It is suggested that microbial population of DMSO/DMS degrading bacteria is closely linking to both DMSO/DMS degradation efficiency and nitrification performance. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

... 42 Public Health 3 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false LCD review. 426.425 Section 426.425 Public Health... PROGRAM REVIEW OF NATIONAL COVERAGE DETERMINATIONS AND LOCAL COVERAGE DETERMINATIONS Review of an LCD § 426.425 LCD review. (a) Opportunity for the aggrieved party, after his or her review of the LCD record...

This study investigated nitrification performance and nitrifying community in one full-scale membrane bioreactor (MBR) treating TFT-LCD wastewater. For the A/O MBR system treating monoethanolamine (MEA) and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), no nitrification was observed, due presumably to high organic loading, high colloidal COD, low DO, and low hydraulic retention time (HRT) conditions. By including additional A/O or O/A tanks, the A/O/A/O MBR and the O/A/O MBR were able to perform successful nitrification. The real-time PCR results for quantification of nitrifying populations showed a high correlation to nitrification performance, and can be a good indicator of stable nitrification. Terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) results of functional gene, amoA, suggest that Nitrosomonas oligotropha-like AOB seemed to be important to a good nitrification in the MBR system. In the MBR system, Nitrobacter- and Nitrospira-like NOB were both abundant, but the low nitrite environment is likely to promote the growth of Nitrospira-like NOB. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

The drive for larger size, higher spatial resolution, and wider aperture LCD has shown to increase the electrical crosstalk between electrodes in the driver circuit. This crosstalk leads to additivity errors in color LCD. In this paper, the crosstalk effect was analyzed with micrographs captured from an imaging colorimeter. The experimental result reveals the subpixel nature of color crosstalk. A spatial-based subpixel crosstalk correction algorithm was developed to improve the color performance of LCD. Compared to a 3D lookup table approach, the new algorithm is easier to implement and more accurate in performance.

Field sequential color (FSC) liquid crystal displays (LCD) using a high speed LCD mode and an R, G, B LED backlight, offers a significant potential for lower power consumption, higher resolution, higher brightness and lower cost compared to the conventional R, G, B color filter based LCD, and thus is of interest to various military and avionic display applications. While the DLP projection TVs, and Camcorder LCD view finder type displays using the FSC technology have been introduced in the consumer market, large area direct view LCD displays based on the FSC technology have not reached the commercial market yet. Further, large area FSC LCDs can present unique operational issues in avionic and military environments particularly for operation in a broad temperature range and with respect to its susceptibility for the color breakup image artifact. In this paper we will review the current status of the FSC LCD technology and then discuss the results of our efforts on the FSC LCD technology evaluation for the avionic applications.

In the field of Waste LCD disassembling and recycling, there are existing two major problems: 1) disassembling waste LCD mainly depends on manually mechanical crushing; 2) the resource level is not high. In order to deal with the above problems, in this paper, we develop an efficient, safe and automated waste LCD disassembling assembly line technology. This technology can disassembly and classify mainstream LCD into four components, which are liquid crystal display panels, housings and metal shield, PCB assembly. It can also disassembly many kinds of waste LCD. Compared with the traditional cooperation of manual labor and electric tools method, our proposed technology can significantly improve disassembling efficiency and demonstrate good prospects and promotional value.

... 42 Public Health 3 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false LCD record furnished to aggrieved party. 426.418... COVERAGE DETERMINATIONS Review of an LCD § 426.418 LCD record furnished to aggrieved party. (a) Elements of a contractor"s LCD record furnished to the aggrieved party. Except as provided in paragraph (b) of...

... 42 Public Health 3 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false LCD record furnished to aggrieved party. 426.418... COVERAGE DETERMINATIONS Review of an LCD § 426.418 LCD record furnished to aggrieved party. (a) Elements of a contractor"s LCD record furnished to the aggrieved party. Except as provided in paragraph (b) of...

... 42 Public Health 3 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false LCD record furnished to aggrieved party. 426.418... COVERAGE DETERMINATIONS Review of an LCD § 426.418 LCD record furnished to aggrieved party. (a) Elements of a contractor"s LCD record furnished to the aggrieved party. Except as provided in paragraph (b) of...

... 42 Public Health 3 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false CMS" role in the LCD review. 426.415 Section 426... Review of an LCD § 426.415 CMS" role in the LCD review. CMS may provide to the ALJ, and all parties to the LCD review, information identifying the person who represents the contractor or CMS, if necessary...

For the first time, an avionic grade MVA AM LCD with wide viewing angle has been developed for use in either landscape or portrait mode. The development of a high resolution Multi-domain Vertical Alignment (MVA) Active Matrix Liquid Crystal Display (AM LCD) is described. Challenges met in this development include achieving the required performance with high luminance and sunlight readability while meeting stringent optical (image quality) and environmental performance requirements of avionics displays. In this paper the optical and environmental performance of this high resolution 14.1" MVA-AM-LCD are discussed and some performance comparisons to conventional AM-LCDs are documented. This AM LCD has found multiple Business Aviation and Military display applications and cockpit pictures are presented.

Stereoscopic display technologies have been developed as one of advanced displays, and many TV industrials have been trying commercialization of 3D TV. We have been developing 3D TV based on LCD with LED BLU (backlight unit) since Samsung launched the world"s first 3D TV based on PDP. However, the data scanning of panel and LC"s response characteristics of LCD TV cause interference among frames (that is crosstalk), and this makes 3D video quality worse. We propose the method to reduce crosstalk by LCD driving and backlight control of FHD 3D LCD TV.

Soluble sodium silicates (waterglass) are liquids containing dissolved glass which have some water like properties. They are widely used in industry as sealants, binders, deflocculants, emulsifiers and buffers. Their most common applications in Egypt are in the pulp and paper industry (where they improve the brightness and efficiency of peroxide bleaching) and the detergent industry, in which they improve the action of the detergent and lower the viscosity of liquid soaps. The survey results showed that the production was carried out batch-wise, in an autoclave (dissolver). Sodium silicate in the state of crushed glass was charged in an autoclave (dissolver) with sodium hydroxide and water. The product is filtered through a press. The left over sludge (mud and silicates impurities) is emptied into the local sewer system. Also, sludge (silica gel) was discharged from the neutralization process of the generated alkaline wastewater and consequently clogging the sewerage system. So this study was carried out to modify the current wastewater management system which eliminates sludge formation, the discharge of higher pH wastewater to the sewer system, and to assess its environmental and economic benefits. To assess the characteristics of wastewater to be reused, physico-chemical parameters of 12 samples were tested using standard methods. The survey results showed that a total capacity of the selected enterprise was 540 tons of liquid sodium silicates monthly. The total amount of wastewater being discharged was 335 m3/month. Reusing of wastewater as feed autoclave water reduced water consumption of 32.1% and reduced wastewater discharge/month that constitutes 89.6% as well as saving in final product of 6 ton/month. It was concluded that reusing of wastewater generated from liquid sodium silicate manufacturing process resulted in cheaper and environmental-friendly product.

A new drive circuit for the liquid crystal display (LCD) of the InFocus TVT-6000 video projector is currently under development at the U.S. Army Missile Command. The new circuit will allow individual pixel control of the LCD and increase the frame rate by a factor of two while yielding a major reduction in space and power requirements. This paper will discuss results of the effort to date.

In this paper, the impact of display on quality assessment is addressed. Subjective quality assessment experiments have been performed on both LCD and CRT displays. Two sets of still images and two sets of moving pictures have been assessed using either an ACR or a SAMVIQ protocol. Altogether, eight experiments have been led. Results are presented and discussed, some differences are pointed out. Concerning moving pictures, these differences seem to be mainly due to LCD moving artefacts such as motion blur. LCD motion blur has been measured objectively and with psycho-physics experiments. A motion-blur metric based on the temporal characteristics of LCD can be defined. A prediction model have been then designed which predict the differences of perceived quality between CRT and LCD. This motion-blur-based model enables the estimation of perceived quality on LCD with respect to the perceived quality on CRT. Technical solutions to LCD motion blur can thus be evaluated on natural contents by this mean.

... Section 426.418 Public Health CENTERS FOR MEDICARE & MEDICAID SERVICES, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN... development of the LCD, including, but not limited to, the following: (1) The LCD being challenged. (2) Any... the draft LCD). (4) An index of documents considered that are excluded under paragraph (b) of this...

... Section 426.418 Public Health CENTERS FOR MEDICARE & MEDICAID SERVICES, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN... development of the LCD, including, but not limited to, the following: (1) The LCD being challenged. (2) Any... the draft LCD). (4) An index of documents considered that are excluded under paragraph (b) of this...

UV lamp systems have been used for cleaning of display panels of TFT LCD or Plasma Display Panel (PDP). However, the needs for high efficient cleaning and low cost made high voltage plasma cleaning techniques to be developed and to be improved. Dielectric-barrier discharges (DBDs), also referred to as barrier discharges or silent discharges have for a long time been exclusively related to ozone generation. In this paper, a 6kW high voltage plasma power supply system was developed for LCD cleaning. The -phase input voltage is rectified and then inverter system is used to make a high frequency pulse train, which is rectified after passing through a high-power transformer. Finally, bi-directional high voltage pulse switching circuits are used to generate the high voltage plasma. Some experimental results showed the usefulness of atmospheric plasma for LCD panel cleaning.

This study investigated the opinions of teachers about using interactive whiteboards with an LCD panel that was installed in classrooms within the FATIH educational project. The study was conducted at six high schools in which installation of interactive whiteboards with an LCD panel in classrooms was completed and teachers who received training…

The paper presents an objective lower bound for the discrimination of patterns and fine detail in images on a monochrome LCD. In applications such as medical imaging and military avionics the information of interest is often at the highest frequencies in the image. Since LCDs are sampled data systems, their output modulation is dependent on the phase between the input signal and the sampling points. This phase dependence becomes particularly significant at high spatial frequencies. In order to use an LCD for applications such as those mentioned above it is essential to have a lower (worst case) bound on the performance of the display. We address this problem by providing a mathematical model for the worst case output modulation of an LCD in response to a sine wave input. This function can be interpreted as a worst case modulation transfer function (MTF). The intersection of the worst case MTF with the contrast threshold function (CTF) of the human visual system defines the highest spatial frequency that will always be detectable. In addition to providing the worst case limiting resolution, this MTF is combined with the CTF to produce objective worst case image quality values using the modulation transfer function area (MTFA) metric.

This paper describes and discusses an investigation into the treatment of paint manufacturing wastewater (water-based acrylic texture) by coagulation (aluminum sulfate) coupled to electrochemical methods (BDD electrode). Two proposals are put forward, based on the results. The first proposal considers the feasibility of reusing wastewater treated by the methods separately and in combination, while the second examines the possibility of its disposal into water bodies. To this end, parameters such as toxicity, turbidity, color, organic load, dissolved aluminum, alkalinity, hardness and odor are evaluated. In addition, the proposal for water reuse is strengthened by the quality of the water-based paints produced using the wastewater treated by the two methods (combined and separate), which was evaluated based on the typical parameters for the quality control of these products. Under optimized conditions, the use of the chemical coagulation (12 mL/L of Al2(SO4)3 dosage) treatment, alone, proved the feasibility of reusing the treated wastewater in the paint manufacturing process. However, the use of the electrochemical method (i = 10 mA/cm(2) and t = 90 min) was required to render the treated wastewater suitable for discharge into water bodies. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Describes liquid crystal display (LCD) projectors and discusses their use in educational settings. Highlights include rear screen projection; LCD projectors currently available and the number of pixel elements in each; and examples of instructional applications, including portable setups, and use with videocassette recorders (VCRs), computers, and…

The year 2010 may be recorded as a first year of successful commercial 3D products. Among them, the 3D LCD TVs are expected to be the major one regarding the sales volume. In this paper, the principle of current stereoscopic 3D LCD TV techniques and the required flat panel display (FPD) technologies for the realization of them are reviewed. [Figure not available: see fulltext.

Marketing studies by EPIC show significant revenue opportunities by 2012 for UHB-LEDs in the automotive, LCD backlighting, and architectural lighting sectors. The goal of this workshop on manufacturing issues is to consider five key issues for UHB-LED manufacturing and to propose solutions that will pave the way to full exploitation of the opportunities.

In the automatic disassembly line of waste LCD displays, LCD displays are disassembled into plastic shells, metal shields, circuit boards, and LCD panels. Two industrial robots are used to cut metal shields and remove circuit boards in this automatic disassembly line. The functions of these two industrial robots, and the solutions to the critical issues of model selection, the interfaces with PLCs and the workflows were described in detail in this paper.

UNCLASSIFIED Defense Technical Information Center Compilation Part Notice ADPO113 31 TITLE: Are the Color Gamuts of CRT and LCD Triangular? An...ADP011297 thru ADP011332 UNCLASSIFIED Are the Color Gamuts of CRT and LCD Triangular? An Experimental Study Guan-wei Leea and Chao-hua Wenb aDepartment of...Tube) display. This study describes the difference of color gamuts in different luminance level and the accuracy of color between CRT and LCD. In the

We have combined a CMOS color camera with special software to compose a multi-functional image-quality analysis instrument. It functions as a colorimeter as well as measuring modulation transfer functions (MTF) and noise power spectra (NPS). It is presently being expanded to examine fixed-pattern noise and temporal noise. The CMOS camera has 9 μm square pixels and a pixel matrix of 2268 x 1512 x 3. The camera uses a sensor that has co-located pixels for all three primary colors. We have imaged sections of both a color and a monochrome LCD monitor onto the camera sensor with LCD-pixel-size to camera-pixel-size ratios of both 12:1 and 17.6:1. When used as an imaging colorimeter, each camera pixel is calibrated to provide CIE color coordinates and tristimulus values. This capability permits the camera to simultaneously determine chromaticity in different locations on the LCD display. After the color calibration with a CS-200 colorimeter the color coordinates of the display"s primaries determined from the camera"s luminance response are very close to those found from the CS-200. Only the color coordinates of the display"s white point were in error. For calculating the MTF a vertical or horizontal line is displayed on the monitor. The captured image is color-matrix preprocessed, Fourier transformed then post-processed. For NPS, a uniform image is displayed on the monitor. Again, the image is pre-processed, transformed and processed. Our measurements show that the horizontal MTF"s of both displays have a larger negative slope than that of the vertical MTF"s. This behavior indicates that the horizontal MTF"s are poorer than the vertical MTF"s. However the modulations at the Nyquist frequency seem lower for the color LCD than for the monochrome LCD. The spatial noise of the color display in both directions is larger than that of the monochrome display. Attempts were also made to analyze the total noise in terms of spatial and temporal noise by applying subtractions of

In this study, metal hydroxides generated during electrocoagulation (EC) were used to remove the chemical oxygen demand (COD) of oxide chemical mechanical polishing (oxide-CMP) wastewater from a semiconductor manufacturing plant by EC. Adsorption studies were conducted in a batch system for various current densities and temperatures. The COD concentration in the oxide-CMP wastewater was effectively removed and decreased by more than 90%, resulting in a final wastewater COD concentration that was below the Taiwan discharge standard (100 mg L(-1)). Since the processed wastewater quality exceeded the direct discharge standard, the effluent could be considered for reuse. The adsorption kinetic studies showed that the EC process was best described using the pseudo-second-order kinetic model at the various current densities and temperatures. The experimental data were also tested against different adsorption isotherm models to describe the EC process. The Freundlich adsorption isotherm model predictions matched satisfactorily with the experimental observations. Thermodynamic parameters, including the Gibbs free energy, enthalpy, and entropy, indicated that the COD adsorption of oxide-CMP wastewater on metal hydroxides was feasible, spontaneous and endothermic in the temperature range of 288-318 K. Copyright 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

During the processes of TFT-LCD manufacturing, steps like visual inspection of panel surface defects still heavily rely on manual operations. As the