qvga tft lcd wiki factory

A thin-film-transistor liquid-crystal display (TFT LCD) is a variant of a liquid-crystal display that uses thin-film-transistor technologyactive matrix LCD, in contrast to passive matrix LCDs or simple, direct-driven (i.e. with segments directly connected to electronics outside the LCD) LCDs with a few segments.

In February 1957, John Wallmark of RCA filed a patent for a thin film MOSFET. Paul K. Weimer, also of RCA implemented Wallmark"s ideas and developed the thin-film transistor (TFT) in 1962, a type of MOSFET distinct from the standard bulk MOSFET. It was made with thin films of cadmium selenide and cadmium sulfide. The idea of a TFT-based liquid-crystal display (LCD) was conceived by Bernard Lechner of RCA Laboratories in 1968. In 1971, Lechner, F. J. Marlowe, E. O. Nester and J. Tults demonstrated a 2-by-18 matrix display driven by a hybrid circuit using the dynamic scattering mode of LCDs.T. Peter Brody, J. A. Asars and G. D. Dixon at Westinghouse Research Laboratories developed a CdSe (cadmium selenide) TFT, which they used to demonstrate the first CdSe thin-film-transistor liquid-crystal display (TFT LCD).active-matrix liquid-crystal display (AM LCD) using CdSe TFTs in 1974, and then Brody coined the term "active matrix" in 1975.high-resolution and high-quality electronic visual display devices use TFT-based active matrix displays.

The circuit layout process of a TFT-LCD is very similar to that of semiconductor products. However, rather than fabricating the transistors from silicon, that is formed into a crystalline silicon wafer, they are made from a thin film of amorphous silicon that is deposited on a glass panel. The silicon layer for TFT-LCDs is typically deposited using the PECVD process.

Polycrystalline silicon is sometimes used in displays requiring higher TFT performance. Examples include small high-resolution displays such as those found in projectors or viewfinders. Amorphous silicon-based TFTs are by far the most common, due to their lower production cost, whereas polycrystalline silicon TFTs are more costly and much more difficult to produce.

The twisted nematic display is one of the oldest and frequently cheapest kind of LCD display technologies available. TN displays benefit from fast pixel response times and less smearing than other LCD display technology, but suffer from poor color reproduction and limited viewing angles, especially in the vertical direction. Colors will shift, potentially to the point of completely inverting, when viewed at an angle that is not perpendicular to the display. Modern, high end consumer products have developed methods to overcome the technology"s shortcomings, such as RTC (Response Time Compensation / Overdrive) technologies. Modern TN displays can look significantly better than older TN displays from decades earlier, but overall TN has inferior viewing angles and poor color in comparison to other technology.

The transmittance of a pixel of an LCD panel typically does not change linearly with the applied voltage,sRGB standard for computer monitors requires a specific nonlinear dependence of the amount of emitted light as a function of the RGB value.

Less expensive PVA panels often use dithering and FRC, whereas super-PVA (S-PVA) panels all use at least 8 bits per color component and do not use color simulation methods.BRAVIA LCD TVs offer 10-bit and xvYCC color support, for example, the Bravia X4500 series. S-PVA also offers fast response times using modern RTC technologies.

TFT dual-transistor pixel or cell technology is a reflective-display technology for use in very-low-power-consumption applications such as electronic shelf labels (ESL), digital watches, or metering. DTP involves adding a secondary transistor gate in the single TFT cell to maintain the display of a pixel during a period of 1s without loss of image or without degrading the TFT transistors over time. By slowing the refresh rate of the standard frequency from 60 Hz to 1 Hz, DTP claims to increase the power efficiency by multiple orders of magnitude.

Due to the very high cost of building TFT factories, there are few major OEM panel vendors for large display panels. The glass panel suppliers are as follows:

External consumer display devices like a TFT LCD feature one or more analog VGA, DVI, HDMI, or DisplayPort interface, with many featuring a selection of these interfaces. Inside external display devices there is a controller board that will convert the video signal using color mapping and image scaling usually employing the discrete cosine transform (DCT) in order to convert any video source like CVBS, VGA, DVI, HDMI, etc. into digital RGB at the native resolution of the display panel. In a laptop the graphics chip will directly produce a signal suitable for connection to the built-in TFT display. A control mechanism for the backlight is usually included on the same controller board.

The low level interface of STN, DSTN, or TFT display panels use either single ended TTL 5 V signal for older displays or TTL 3.3 V for slightly newer displays that transmits the pixel clock, horizontal sync, vertical sync, digital red, digital green, digital blue in parallel. Some models (for example the AT070TN92) also feature input/display enable, horizontal scan direction and vertical scan direction signals.

New and large (>15") TFT displays often use LVDS signaling that transmits the same contents as the parallel interface (Hsync, Vsync, RGB) but will put control and RGB bits into a number of serial transmission lines synchronized to a clock whose rate is equal to the pixel rate. LVDS transmits seven bits per clock per data line, with six bits being data and one bit used to signal if the other six bits need to be inverted in order to maintain DC balance. Low-cost TFT displays often have three data lines and therefore only directly support 18 bits per pixel. Upscale displays have four or five data lines to support 24 bits per pixel (truecolor) or 30 bits per pixel respectively. Panel manufacturers are slowly replacing LVDS with Internal DisplayPort and Embedded DisplayPort, which allow sixfold reduction of the number of differential pairs.

Kawamoto, H. (2012). "The Inventors of TFT Active-Matrix LCD Receive the 2011 IEEE Nishizawa Medal". Journal of Display Technology. 8 (1): 3–4. Bibcode:2012JDisT...8....3K. doi:10.1109/JDT.2011.2177740. ISSN 1551-319X.

K. H. Lee; H. Y. Kim; K. H. Park; S. J. Jang; I. C. Park & J. Y. Lee (June 2006). "A Novel Outdoor Readability of Portable TFT-LCD with AFFS Technology". SID Symposium Digest of Technical Papers. AIP. 37 (1): 1079–82. doi:10.1889/1.2433159. S2CID 129569963.

The decision hinges on whether it is a dicdef, or if it has enough content to sustain itself as an article on its own. As dead pixels are only related to LCD"s, but aren"t LCD"s themselves, I suppose we should keep them separate. Kareeser|

But to my understanding the light transmitting through or emitting from an LCD is always polarized (which can be checked by looking at an LCD through such a filter)and a polarization filter absorbs "wrongly" aligned waves (my physics are a bit fuzzy there). As I don"t know polarized lightsources (could be wrong there aswell), the minimum absorbation rate would be 50%, where it didn"t matter whether the light passed through once or twice.

can we please fix this section by editting it into a real encyclopedia style please. a listing of the problem and how you might fix it should be sufficient and it isn"t that hard to change. We do not need text from a forum in a wiki article, this is not a self-help page, but an encyclopedia entry and it should be written that way. -Thebdj 06:26, 9 February 2006 (UTC)

I took a picture of the illustration, but what"s the point. It"s the same picture as on the article page, but framed in an LCD monitor. --Ancheta Wis 01:51, 8 May 2006 (UTC)

It"s completely separate from the general LCD article and is useful for a casual browser like me. please don"t merge it 203.129.39.114 13:21, 20 May 2006 (UTC)

I propose that we merge Color LCD to this article, simply because the information contained in the Color LCD article is too short to have a "Main aticle" link from this page. Moreover, the content on this page (in the "Color LCD" section) and the content on the Color LCD page, differ. Therefore, having the same information on this page, while making Color LCD a redirect, is my solution. Kareeser|

This kind of pixel-layout is found in S-IPS LCDs (super in-plane switching). The chevron-shape is used to widen the viewing-cone (range of viewing directions with good contrast and low color-shift).

I think these terms are equivalent. I started a new article on "transreflective" when I stumbled across the mention of "transflective" in this article on LCDs.

The valuable PDF by Geoff Walker at http://www.walkermobile.com/OutdoorDisplayPrimer.pdf is now almost 2-1/2 years old. There"s a nice definition of transreflective at Smart Computing. There are excellent images at http://t17.net/transflectiveTFT/

LCDs have longer response time than their plasma and CRT counterparts, creating ghosting and mixing when images rapidly change; this drawback, however, is continually improving as the technology progresses and is imperceptible in current LCD Computer Displays and TV"s. Also, for computer-use, it eliminates the problem of flicker.

I don"t know that I"d call it "almost imperceptible". I recently got an LCD TV (with a claimed response time of 8ms). When viewing rapidly panning images (the best example is to fire up a first-person shooter on a game console and manually pan left and right), the ghosting was not only perceptible, but thoroughly irritating and almost nausea inducing. I would definitely recommend adding to the article that the effect of long response times depends on what you"re viewing. Balfa 17:33, 21 August 2006 (UTC)

I think it is likely that what you observed was due not to response time but to the fact that an LCD pixel is constantly lit for the duration of the frame (16.7ms), whereas a CRT pixel is lit for only a fraction of a microsecond once during a frame. This means that even with an absolute zero response time, a panning image on an LCD panel will appear blurred while it may appear smooth on a CRT (if the image itself has no motion blur). The additional blurring in the case of LCD comes from the movement of our eyes; it doesn"t happen on CRT because our eyes do not move enough during the nanoseconds that a pixel remains lit. Ghosting caused by a slow response rate would be not only blurring, but also a constant "double image" - seeing two or more recent frames, or ghosts from them, simultaneously. This would be in addition to the motion blur. mmj (talk) 04:41, 8 January 2009 (UTC)

The viewing angle of a LCD is usually less than that of most other display technologies, thus reducing the number of people who can conveniently view the same image. However, this negative has actually been capitalized upon in two ways. Some vendors offer screens with intentionally reduced viewing angle, to provide additional privacy, such as when someone is using a laptop in a public place. Such a set can also show two different images to one viewer, providing a three-dimensional effect.

Some light guns do not work with this type of display since they do not have flexible lighting dynamics that CRTs have. However, the field emission display will be a potential replacement for LCD flat-panel displays since they emulate CRTs in some technological ways.

"Playing video games on an LCD T.V. isn"t recommended due to the controls being delayed, which can sometimes mess the player up in gameplay." is the current last line and is also covered by a higher line mentions screen lag , or delay time . PidGin128 from 149.168.174.18 19:07, 18 October 2007 (UTC)

It"s been deleted. If it"s verifiable, bring it back with a source; be sure to say who recommends against LCD here. Dicklyon 20:32, 18 October 2007 (UTC)

I think the "Some LCD monitors can cause migraines and eyestrain problems due to flicker from fluorescent backlights fed at 50 or 60 Hz." drawback should be deleted. I mean - this drawback is not exclusive to LCD displays. CRT displays flicker even more. Another thing: why is the article about LCD displays the only one that has a separate section for drawbacks? Fanboys defending CRT displays? --Lim-Dul (talk) 19:49, 23 December 2007 (UTC)

It is not only redundant, it is stupid and wrong! The more such wrong expressions are repeated by WikiPedia the more they seem to become "conventional" ... In the LCD community we usually use "LC-display" or just LCD.

It is hardly fair to justify the usage of LCD display by comparing the results of LC-display with LCD-display, since the most likely alternative (or at least, very notable alternative) is simply "LCD", in which case LCD (AND LC-display) [correct usages] would easily outnumber LCD-display [incorrect usage]. Of course there is the issue of LCD itself including results of LCD display, but I AM trying to establish that google fight is not relevant, even for discussions of usage and popularity.

I am extremely disappointed with Wikipedia. I am all for the colloquial development of language, but mostly in the sense of CHANGING definitions. This is simply a mistake. Worst of all is the reasoning -- a lot of people make the mistake, so it is OK for us to do it. Frankly, "a lot of people" are not encyclopedias. Wikipedia, on the other hand, (ideally) is.

Makers of non computer LCD displays often quote the raw pixel count (color sub pixels) of a color display, or will quote the raw pixels (color sub pixels) per line in a display.

IT IS ENTIRELY RACIST TO SUGGEST THAT LCDS CAUSE PROBLEMS FOR "SKIN TONES". IN REALITY THEY ONLY CAUSE AN ISSUE FOR THE LIGHT SKIN CHARACTERISTIC OF MANY EUROPEAN ETHNICITIES. PLEASE REMOVE THIS. 81.192.141.90 16:55, 10 January 2007 (UTC)

I think it would be very interestiingh to know what the power consumption of LCD displays are in comparison to other types of displays, and also now that I think of it there really should be a single page that makes a comparison of the wattage used by regular household appliances.``193.203.136.214 01:38, 28 January 2007 (UTC)

I"m an engineer and I don"t prize LCD screens. Engineers prize a full range of utilities not just power use. I prize my cathode ray tube tv because the colour is perfect from any viewing angle and it was cheap. Engineers have any number of variables to consider in design, so for one application an LCD will be useless and for another it will be useful. Can anyone tell me why, if power consumption is the only important variable in a screen, that cathode ray tubes tvs are still being designed? I reckon the "prized" part should be removed, engineers have opinions specific to the application and limiting factors they design for. 193.1.172.104 17:32, 23 April 2007 (UTC)

Please study verified sources before spreading rumors and nonsense here !I found the section to be pretty much incomprehensible. It should build on the foundation of the earlier sections of the article, but seems to assume some other background in how LCDs work.

But it"s not just this section. The one before doesn"t tell what the transistor is for, and seems to say that row/column addressing is unique to active matrix. And it alludes to some kind of refresh not otherwise described. (The hyperlink for "refresh" leads to an article whose only mention of LCDs is to say it is inapplicable to LCDs). It fails to state the difference between passive matrix and active matrix, referring to presence or absence of a "steady charge" which is never described.

I noticed that the LCD technology used for television displays had improved greatly of late and problems with viewing angle have been practically eliminated in affordable displays. I was hoping to find in this article an explanation of the technology used to achive this. If anyone knows, could you please add it in, for example to the history section. Thanks.

Why, in this section, am I barraged with information about Integrated circuits? I understand drawing a small analogy at the start to show how QA/QC in LCDs relates to other industry. This, however, seems to me like the entire section is meant to be a comparison between the two. As a casual reader, I wanted to scream out, "I don"t care!" I just wanted to learn about LCDs. Never mind that, this is the first time that IC is mentioned in the entire article. So the non-technical reader is left wondering "what the heck is an IC, why do I care, and what does any of that have to do with LCDs?"

Although the photo of the Wikipedia logo on the LCD display is very well-done, it"s both an unnecessary self-reference (Wikipedia:Avoid self-reference) and may run up against copyright issues, since the logo is not available under a free license. I suggest replacing it with another image based on a public domain source image. Dcoetzee 19:31, 16 November 2007 (UTC)

Each pixel of an LCD typically consists of a layer of molecules aligned between two transparent electrodes, and two polarizing filters, the axes of transmission of which are (in most of the cases) perpendicular to each other. With no liquid crystal between the polarizing filters, light passing through the first filter would be blocked by the second (crossed) polarizer.

LCD alarm clockThe optical effect of a twisted nematic device in the voltage-on state is far less dependent on variations in the device thickness than that in the voltage-off state. Because of this, these devices are usually operated between crossed polarizers such that they appear bright with no voltage (the eye is much more sensitive to variations in the dark state than the bright state). These devices can also be operated between parallel polarizers, in which case the bright and dark states are reversed. The voltage-off dark state in this configuration appears blotchy, however, because of small variations of thickness across the device.

Resolution: The horizontal and vertical size expressed in pixels (e.g., 1024x768). Unlike CRT monitors, LCD monitors have a native-supported resolution for best display effect.

Response time: The minimum time necessary to change a pixel"s color or brightness. Response time is also divided into rise and fall time. For LCD Monitors, this is measured in btb (black to black) or gtg (gray to gray). These different types of measurements make comparison difficult.

Refresh rate: The number of times per second in which the monitor draws the data it is being given. A refresh rate that is too low can cause flickering and will be more noticeable on larger monitors. Many high-end LCD televisions now have a 120 Hz refresh rate (current and former NTSC countries only). This allows for less distortion when movies filmed at 24 frames per second (fps) are viewed due to the elimination of telecine (3:2 pulldown). The rate of 120 was chosen as the least common multiple of 24 fps (cinema) and 30 fps (TV).

Low input refresh rates should not cause flicker in an LCD screen though, as the controller in the screen holds frames and re-displays them until a new frame is available (source is a physicist friend who was involved in OLED screens, I imagine there"ll be some relevant paper though)

Comparison of the OLPC XO-1 display (left) with a typical color LCD. The images show 1×1 mm of each screen. A typical LCD addresses groups of 3 locations as pixels. The XO-1 display addresses each location as a separate pixel.In color LCDs each individual pixel is divided into three cells, or subpixels, which are colored red, green, and blue, respectively, by additional filters (pigment filters, dye filters and metal oxide filters). Each subpixel can be controlled independently to yield thousands or millions of possible colors for each pixel. CRT monitors employ a similar "subpixel" structures via phosphors, although the electron beam employed in CRTs do not hit exact "subpixels".

Color components may be arrayed in various pixel geometries, depending on the monitor"s usage. If software knows which type of geometry is being used in a given LCD, this can be used to increase the apparent resolution of the monitor through subpixel rendering. This technique is especially useful for text anti-aliasing.

A general purpose alphanumeric LCD, with two lines of 16 characters.LCDs with a small number of segments, such as those used in digital watches and pocket calculators, have individual electrical contacts for each segment. An external dedicated circuit supplies an electric charge to control each segment. This display structure is unwieldy for more than a few display elements.

Small monochrome displays such as those found in personal organizers, or older laptop screens have a passive-matrix structure employing super-twisted nematic (STN) or double-layer STN (DSTN) technology—the latter of which addresses a color-shifting problem with the former—and color-STN (CSTN)—wherein color is added by using an internal filter. Each row or column of the display has a single electrical circuit. The pixels are addressed one at a time by row and column addresses. This type of display is called passive-matrix addressed because the pixel must retain its state between refreshes without the benefit of a steady electrical charge. As the number of pixels (and, correspondingly, columns and rows) increases, this type of display becomes less feasible. Very slow response times and poor contrast are typical of passive-matrix addressed LCDs.

High-resolution color displays such as modern LCD computer monitors and televisions use an active matrix structure. A matrix of thin-film transistors (TFTs) is added to the polarizing and color filters. Each pixel has its own dedicated transistor, allowing each column line to access one pixel. When a row line is activated, all of the column lines are connected to a row of pixels and the correct voltage is driven onto all of the column lines. The row line is then deactivated and the next row line is activated. All of the row lines are activated in sequence during a refresh operation. Active-matrix addressed displays look "brighter" and "sharper" than passive-matrix addressed displays of the same size, and generally have quicker response times, producing much better images. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 59.93.19.185 (talk) 07:16, 5 July 2008 (UTC)

The lead says that an LCD is an electro-optical amplitude modulator. Is it not an electrically modulated optical amplification device (subtly different), being controlled by an electro-optical amplitude modulator ? Electro-optic modulator (which is linked to electro-optical amplitude modulator on the article) says that the modulator may be applied in four areas including phase, frequency and amplitude which may affect the display prior to visibility but could an LCD display, without processing any picture just monochrome light, be switched and display light without an electro-optical amplitude modulator (hence not actually being one just completely dependant on it)? ~ R.T.G 08:06, 23 December 2008 (UTC)

T. Peter Brody did not create the first fully functional LCD, it was Scott H. Holmberg. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 98.246.71.85 (talk) 23:43, 17 March 2009 (UTC)

LCDs do not refresh the screen from top to bottom; every pixel is refreshed simultaneously. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 208.101.129.212 (talk) 06:40, 12 November 2009 (UTC)

Can someone write something about LCD TV"s having pixelated image problems. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Ericg33 (talk • contribs) 04:45, 20 July 2009 (UTC)

The article appears to be biased towards the use of LCDs as computer monitors. This may well be the most widespread use, but more balance is possibly required.

Brief History: This not really brief. Renaming as "History" would be sufficient, otherwise this could imply that the article is incomplete due to lack of time on the part of the author. Should be the next section. Consider using prose, rather than a bulleted list. If the article can be expanded, consider splitting in to a new article: History of LCD displays

Drawbacks: Consider using prose, rather than a bulleted list. Note:this detailed section on drawbacks puts a negative slant on LCDs that is not adquately compensated for neytrality in the other parts of the article.

Liquid crystal display → LCD — Per WP:ABBR: Acronyms should be used in page naming if the subject is almost exclusively known only by its acronym and is widely known and used in that form (e.g., NASA and radar). User:GraYoshi2x 02:05, 8 October 2009 (UTC)

Oppose. "LCD" is not an acronym (it contains no vowel and cannot be pronounced), unlike "NASA" or "radar"/"laser". No-one ever says "National Aeronautics and Space Administration" or "Light emission by stimulated emission of radiation", so those would be implausible search terms. "LCD" redirects to this article (despite its alternative meanings), so what"s the problem? Sussexonian (talk) 07:37, 8 October 2009 (UTC)

Brush up on your definitions and keep in mind Wikipedia is not a vote. Acronyms don"t have to be pronounceable and I have rarely heard LCD refer to anything other than this article. And if you oppose it, just say it directly, please.

I have edited my "No, thank you" above to "Oppose". An acronym is a word made from initial letters and NASA, NATO, radar and laser are examples. LCD and others are abbreviations not acronyms (I accept that the two are sometimes used interchangeably). The policy is WP:ABBR not WP:ACRO and the writer clearly understood the difference. The examples quoted (NASA, radar) have the specific features that (i) they are pronounceable and (ii) they are hardly ever spoken as complete phrases. "Patriot Act" is another example where Wikipedia"s article is named for the abbreviation. "FBI" and "CIA" are not: they are phrases spoken as abbreviations/initialisms and their full forms are well known. Sussexonian (talk) 07:57, 9 October 2009 (UTC)

I may go and look at some dictionaries, but there is a distinction made in the policy, between acronym and abbreviation, the examples in the policy comply with the restricted definition of acronym, and FBI is not a Wikipedia article name. On the other page you have said CIA/FBI are more well known by their abbreviations: that is exactly my point, as with LCD the more common identifier is the short form but Wikipedia has not chosen to rename Federal Bureau of Investigation. So the actual practice on Wikipedia seems to me to coincide with my interpretation. Sussexonian (talk) 22:25, 9 October 2009 (UTC)

Oppose. In the case of NASA, the acronym gets 127 million hits on Google, the full name only 5,000. In the case of LCD, the full name gets millions of hits on Google. 199.125.109.19 (talk) 14:03, 11 October 2009 (UTC)

Oppose. Normally Wikipedia articles should have a long name and the acronym should redirect to it; it requires strong evidence of "known by acronym only" before moving in that direction. Even IEEE has its article as the full name. --Alvestrand (talk) 16:51, 11 October 2009 (UTC)

The shocking lack of mention of handheld videogames and their importance in driving improvement of LCD technology is appalling.66.159.224.65 (talk) 20:38, 19 January 2010 (UTC)

I completely agree, the entire reason I came to this page at all was to learn more about the Game & Watch type systems. And I find it particularly insulting that the Brief history section goes directly from 1972 to 1998, one could claim the peak years of LCD advancement, all taking place in handheld game consoles. Zak Frost (talk) 13:18, 31 May 2010 (UTC)

It may be more accurate to say that some LCD display units suffer from this limitation, as different display devices are made differently. It depends on who is making the display unit, as to what ability they allow it to have. Some actually allow you to turn off scaling alltogether, but still do not allow "non-standard" resolutions or "small" resolutions. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 216.231.159.16 (talk) 20:21, 20 February 2010 (UTC)

I feel there needs to be a distiction made in this section as to which companies actually construct LCD Panels and which companies order LCD Panels from other manufacturers and simply assembly the components into a TV.

The only LCD Panels Manufacturers I know of are Philips and LG. Currently all the companies listed are strictly LCD TV or LCD Display manufacturers, they purchase LCD Panels from either Philips or LG and then assemble the displays. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 98.225.216.197 (talk) 13:22, 2 March 2010 (UTC)

I’ve seen zero-powered, bistable LCD with my own eyes, and the one I saw looked just like ordinary LCD which, as you know, don’t have the appearance of ink on paper: The characters sort of ‘hovers’ in the display, unlike the characters on, say, the Kindle’s display.

[Color gamut]: The range of colors that can be displayed; usually expressed as conforming to some standard such as the 1957 NTSC standard. Color gamut differs from color resolution in that color gamut expresses the total range of colors while color resolution indicates how many individual colors that range is divided into. An LCD can have a wide color gamut but still have weak color performance if the resolution is inadequate. Inadequate resolution will result in distinct color bands in an image where the colors are supposed to change continuously. This is termed "Posterization". Posterization used to be common but most LCD makers have moved to 36 bit color and beyond which is well beyond the chromatic resolution capability of humans. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Norman Hairston (talk • contribs) 20:08, 8 May 2010 (UTC)

I changed the portion on the invention of the active matrix LCD. While Peter Brody will tell you that he invented it(and he certainly did a lot to promote it), the active matrix LCD was invented in a lab that reported to Peter, not by Peter himself. His name is not on the patent.

Also, though I did not include it, two major events in the development of the LCD were the exit of Westinghouse from the TV business and the purchase of RCA by GE. Both events had a stiffing effect on display technology innovation that persists to this day. Peter Brody"s claim of ownership for the active matrix LCD further submerges the impact of innovative organizations on development of display technology. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 216.102.41.194 (talk) 14:58, 11 May 2010 (UTC)

You"re probably referring to birefringence, an angle-dependent refractive index due to anisotropy in the long-range ordering of molecules in the material. Have a look at "birefringence", "calcite" or BBO/KTP/DTP crystals. Birefringence (whilst important to LCDs) belongs in this article about as much as "covalent bonding" belongs in "internal combustion engine".

There was a section in here discussing upscaling lag. This is a problem of high-definition TVs and not of LCD panels (as the section seemed to imply). I thusly removed it. 208.101.135.65 (talk) 06:47, 16 July 2010 (UTC)

I have seen advertisements for LCD televisions with yellow but I have yet to hear about violet. Is it possible to manufacture violet LCD technology? LCD televisions with Red, Yellow, Green, Blue, and Violet would be very useful. -- Azemocram (talk) 22:12, 2 August 2010 (UTC)

After reading the article on Plasma Displays, which has an advantages/disadvantages section that lists pros and cons of plasma displays, I"m wondering why the LCD article doesn"t have the same kind of thing? If people are researching about LCD TV"s, there"s a good chance they"d want to know the pros and cons.

One more thing: Why does the introductory section of this article only compare LCDs to the outdated CRTs? It"s nice to know that LCDs CDs "...are more energy efficient and offer safer disposal than CRTs," but how do LCDs compare to plasma screens in these two aspects? CRTs are outdated, and while they were the precursor to LCD and Plasma screens, and it is good to know how LCDs compare with the CRTs they replaced, anyone shopping for a new TV will only care how LCDs compare to plasma screens.

The introduction of the article feels like a marketing add for LCD monitors. I wish not to jump to conclusions, but telling half the truth is still lying. I advice for a section describing the problems of LCD monitors. The introduction and comparison with CRT should be more balanced as well. Some of the problems of LCD monitors when compared to CRT include:

"In any case, colour range is rarely discussed as a feature of the display as LCDs are designed to match the colour ranges of the content that they are intended to show. Having a colour range that exceeds the content is a useless feature."

I presume this article is going to have a field day at some point discussing the technology behind the 3DS screen once that technology becomes more commonplace -- or at least when the 3DS itself is released. Unless there"s already a different article dedicated to glasses-free 3D LCD screens.

Hi. Should we mention the toxicity of broken LCD screens that are highlighted in many owner"s manuals as warnings and also in research studies such as this? Thanks. ~AH1

In "Brief history" a major milestone is missing: STN-LCDs allowed for the first time passive-matrix displays with considerable information content. More than 60 companies have taken licenses from the Swiss company Brown, Boveri & Cie to manufacture and sell STN-LCDs according to the patents mentioned in the proposed new entry.

So far the application of STN in the early Nintendo Game Boy is the only reference given [16]. However, early cellular phones and laptops also used this type of display. At that time active-matrix addressed LCDs were not yet ready for mass production.

1983: Researchers at Brown, Boveri & Cie (BBC), Switzerland, invented the super-twisted nematic (STN) structure for passive-matrix addressed LCDs. H. Amstutz et al were listed as inventors in the corresponding patent applications filed in Switzerland on July 7, 1983, and October 28, 1983. Patents were granted in Switzerland CH 665491, Europe EP 0131216 [1], US 4634229 and many more countries. Scientific details were published in [2].

[2] T.J. Scheffer and J. Nehring,"A new highly multiplexable LCD," Appl.Phys.Lett.,vol. 48, no. 10, pp. 1021-1023, Nov. 1984. — Preceding unsigned comment added by BBCLCD (talk • contribs) 09:48, 6 July 2011 (UTC)

1) The Overview section includes a link to multiplexed. This link is not helpful in the context of LCDs, as it explains multiplexing of telecommunicaton transmission. Display matrices are typically addressed by selecting row-by-row sequentially, with the corresponding picture information entered through the columns row-by-row. To address a full picture, a scan of all rows is accomplished in a frame.

2) Section on passive- and active-matrix addressing: The present text suggests that active-matrix addressing has replaced passive-matrix addressing entirely. However, due to higher manufacturing costs for TFTs, potential additional defects and higher power consumption due to backlighting of active-matrix displays, passive-matrix displays are still used for less demanding applications with less pixels than TVs and laptops, where lowest power consumption and/or reading in bright sunlight are of importance.

These is little discussion of "calculator" and segment (often used in instruments and dashboards) displays. As an encyclopedia article this seems like a basic introduction to static vs multiplexed control, etc. In general the article seems too closely tied to minute of current market trends rather than an good introduction to LCDs; what they are, how they work, etc. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 98.125.224.81 (talk) 17:10, 14 February 2012 (UTC)

The compound is used in the production of Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) Panels, in semiconductors, and in synthetic diamonds. According to Prather, the compound was initially missed by the Kyoto Protocol, the international treaty governing response to global warming, due to the fact that it was not widely used at the time."

Support Merge Yea looking into the subject further I have determined that it is a part of the Manufacturing of a LCD Display based on the Google Results. What I would love to see happen in this merge is to add this one line and make it a part of a new section on Manufacturing these things which the article currently lacks. Otherwise I feel this merger will be in vain. Sawblade5 (talk to me | my wiki life) 15:50, 2 February 2014 (UTC)

Oppose - There"s currently no obvious place to merge to and I suspect that Optical films have other applications outside of LCDs. ~KvnG 14:22, 27 February 2014 (UTC)

Oppose Per Kvng. The term "optical film" is problematic in that it has some widely varying meanings. The article is probably a long term stub wreck partially because of that; nobody with combined expertise, article architecture and wikipedia ability has come along to remedy the situation. LCD is just one of many uses / meanings. North8000 (talk) 20:30, 8 April 2014 (UTC)

Oppose - Per KvnG and User talk:North8000. "Optical film" is well sourced on Scholar and Google Books relating to the chemical and industrial usage. This is about far more than LCDs; it includes OLEDs plus ARs. Related discussions have occurred at Talk:Thin-film optics.

Removed the incorrect movie stub template on the article page and replaced the movie project on the Talk page with templates for WikiProjects Physics and Technology.SBaker43 (talk) 06:10, 28 January 2015 (UTC)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:Contributions/199.61.25.252 — Preceding unsigned comment added by DavidBoden (talk • contribs) 21:42, 19 May 2014 (UTC)

In the Disadvantages section under Input lag the first sentence "Input lag, because the LCD"s A/D converter waits for each frame to be completely been output before "drawing" it to the LCD panel." has a problem. Something is missing after the word completely.

There"s an article titled LCD television, which deals with no particularities of LCD displays featuring TV tuners, numerous sections even dealing explicitly with computer monitors. Perhaps some of the info there is worth merging into this article, but I"d say we have two articles dealing with the same subject of matter. --uKER (talk) 18:28, 28 December 2017 (UTC)

I added {{failed verification}} and {{citation needed}} tags on the two occurrences of the claim that LCDs emit no light of their own. I"m not an expert, but I believe it"s common conventional knowledge that this is correct, however, it"s such a central aspect of the topic that it requires a robust citation. I have a less-than-ideal source for the claim, an article published on FESPA"s website, the qualifier owing to FESPA"s realm of expertise being printing on physical media as opposed to electronics or electromagnetic radiation.

Have added a recent publication in a reputable journal showing that light transmission is controlled by LCDs, without light emission by the screen itself.--BBCLCD (talk) 11:05, 17 March 2020 (UTC)

The ZBD LCD offers ‘infinite multiplexibilty’. There is a distinct threshold between the two states which allows passive matrix addressing of many thousands of lines. This contrasts with many other low power display modes which require a TFT backplane (e.g. Eink EPD, Clearink EPD, electrowetting, electrochromic, phase change).

The technology has been widely deployed in low power electronic shelf edge label products. Since 2019, the ZBD LCD technology has been exclusively owned, manufactured and marketed by New Vision DisplayAubsabs222 (talk) 21:47, 18 May 2020 (UTC)

Tianma America, Inc.(TMA) A leading provider of small to medium size display solutions to the Americas, utilizing cutting edge technologies from Tianma Microelectronics and Tianma Japan, Ltd. (TMJ), coupled with state-of-the-art manufacturing resources of the Tianma Group, TMA offers a comprehensive range of Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) products and associated technologies. Products include passive character and monochrome, a-Si and LTPS-TFT LCD, as well as AMOLED products with standard product sizes ranging from 1-inch to 21.3-inch and resolutions from QVGA to QSXGA for standard 4:3 aspect and from WQVGA to HD for wide aspect.

Tianma has a clear technological and production advantage in the small and medium size display market where it has enjoyed a strong market presence over the years. Tianma has established a National R&D Laboratory on TFT - LCD Key Material and Technology, a National Enterprise Technology Center, and a post-doctoral workstation to enhance the knowledge and technical expertise of our employees. We also undertake multiple major national projects from the National Development and Reform Commission, Ministry of Science and Technology, and Ministry of Industry.

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LCD display doesn’t operate the same way as CRT displays , which fires electrons at a glass screen, a LCD display has individual pixels arranged in a rectangular grid. Each pixel has RGB(Red, Green, Blue) sub-pixel that can be turned on or off. When all of a pixel’s sub-pixels are turned off, it appears black. When all the sub-pixels are turned on 100%, it appears white. By adjusting the individual levels of red, green, and blue light, millions of color combinations are possible

The pixels of the LCD screen were made by circuitry and electrodes of the backplane. Each sub-pixel contains a TFT (Thin Film Transistor) element.  These structures are formed by depositing various materials (metals and silicon) on to the glass substrate that will become one part of the complete display “stack,” and then making them through photolithography. For more information about TFT LCDs, please refer to “

The etched pixels by photolith process are the Native Resolution. Actually, all the flat panel displays, LCD, OLED, Plasma etc.) have native resolution which are different from CRT monitors

Although we can define a LCD display with resolution, a Full HD resolution on screen size of a 15” monitor or a 27” monitor will show different. The screen “fineness” is very important for some application, like medical, or even our cell phone. If the display “fineness” is not enough, the display will look “pixelized” which is unable to show details.

But you see other lower resolution available, that is because video cards are doing the trick. A video card can display a lower LCD screen resolution than the LCD’s built-in native resolution. The video cards can combine the pixels and turn a higher resolution into lower resolution, or just use part of the full screen. But video cards can’t do the magic to exceed the native resolution.

Abbreviation: QVGA, VGA, HD, FHD, 1080p, 1440p, 4K etc. It is very straight forward for different applications. For TV buyers, they can simply focus on 4K, 8K etc; for industrial engineers, they most likely focus on VGA, HD, WVGA etc.

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