rgbw lcd panel manufacturer

Although LG garnered a lot of attention at the recent CES 2017 for its new 4K Ultra HD LED LCD TVs using Nano Cell technology, lost in the marketing buzz was the fact that the majority of LG Electronics’ lower-cost 2017 4K Ultra HD LED LCD TVs now use the company’s controversial RGBW technology that arrived to much debate two years ago.

Tim Alessi, LG Electronics home entertainment marketing director, told HD Guru prior to the show that RGBW panels will be used this year in all but two series of 4K Ultra HD LED LCD TVs, encompassing 14 core-line models.

LG has yet to announce model pricing for the 2017 TV lines, so we can’t point out specific price savings the use of RGBW will bring this year, though its use last year resulted in more affordable entry to mid-range 4K UHD price points in LG’s assortment.

The 2017 4K Ultra HD LED LCD TV series using RGBW panels include: the UJ6300, UJ6500, UJ7700 and SJ8000. The SJ8000 is part of LG’s premium Super UHD LED LCD assortment offering its advanced new Nano Cell LED LCD technology.

The distinction is made here because the RGBW technology’s purported benefits and shortcomings have been hotly debated, primarily between LG and rival Samsung. Importantly, LG Electronics has elected over the last two years not to formally identify in literature, packaging or signage which of its LED LCD TV models use RGBW panels. However, the company generally identifies panels using In-Plane Switching (IPS) panels and other technologies.

LG uses two different forms of RGBW technology that are quite different in implementation and performance. One is used in its top-end 4K OLED TVs and the other is used for lower-tier 4K LED LCD TVs, primarily as a cost-savings measure. In the OLED approach, each pixel includes a white sub-pixel in addition to red, green, and blue, sub-pixel, to produce brighter images (used for HDR among other things). In the LCD approach, RGBW panels use a complex scheme where every fourth sub-pixel in a row is white, requiring each white sub-pixel to be shared by adjacent pixels.

Critics of the LCD approach to RGBW say the unusual sub-pixel arrangement prevents the panels from achieving full UHD color resolution, and therefore the displays do not meet the Consumer Technology Association’s (CTA) definition of a 4K Ultra HDTV – this requires 3840×2160 active pixels with 8-bit color (each pixel needing to carry a separate R, G and B subpixel across the screen). But LG has countered that its RGBW displays achieve full UHD monochromatic resolution and full resolution on the luma (brightness) channel, which is all that some other international standards organizations require for a 4K UHD designation.

Note: LG Display, which manufactures the LCD panels with RGBW technology for LG Electronics, is one of the world’s largest suppliers of LCD TV panels. It sells RGBW panels to other television manufacturers and brands. So far, none of those panel customers have called out the use of RGBW panels in their 4K Ultra HDTVs in 2016, and most have refused to disclose whether they use RGBW panels or not.

Even Samsung, which was originally the most vocal critic of RGBW technology, would not comment to us on whether or not any of the LCD panels it is reportedly starting to acquire from rival LG Display this year will be of the RGBW variety. A Samsung spokesman pointed to a long-standing company policy not to comment on issues involving component supply.

According to a Bloomberg report this week, Samsung, hampered by a global panel supply shortage, had to turn to LG Display for LCD panels this year after one of its auxiliary sources – Sakai Display (Foxconn/Sharp)–decided to stop selling Samsung LCD panels from its factories.

To its credit, LG has always fully disclosed the use of RGBW panels in its model lines when specifically asked. It has also proudly called out the technology’s various benefits including lower cost, energy savings or higher brightness (depending on the application), among others.

Critics of LG’s RGBW for LCD panels say the shared white sub-pixel scheme limits the rendering of fine text, and makes the image somewhat fuzzier when trying to read Web pages or documents delivered by a connected PC. LG denies this. Critics have also said that under some conditions, RGBW images produce lower color volume, particularly in reds, that can appear to lose saturation with higher brightness compared to pixels with full RGB sub-pixels.

Flat-panel displays are thin panels of glass or plastic used for electronically displaying text, images, or video. Liquid crystal displays (LCD), OLED (organic light emitting diode) and microLED displays are not quite the same; since LCD uses a liquid crystal that reacts to an electric current blocking light or allowing it to pass through the panel, whereas OLED/microLED displays consist of electroluminescent organic/inorganic materials that generate light when a current is passed through the material. LCD, OLED and microLED displays are driven using LTPS, IGZO, LTPO, and A-Si TFT transistor technologies as their backplane using ITO to supply current to the transistors and in turn to the liquid crystal or electroluminescent material. Segment and passive OLED and LCD displays do not use a backplane but use indium tin oxide (ITO), a transparent conductive material, to pass current to the electroluminescent material or liquid crystal. In LCDs, there is an even layer of liquid crystal throughout the panel whereas an OLED display has the electroluminescent material only where it is meant to light up. OLEDs, LCDs and microLEDs can be made flexible and transparent, but LCDs require a backlight because they cannot emit light on their own like OLEDs and microLEDs.

Liquid-crystal display (or LCD) is a thin, flat panel used for electronically displaying information such as text, images, and moving pictures. They are usually made of glass but they can also be made out of plastic. Some manufacturers make transparent LCD panels and special sequential color segment LCDs that have higher than usual refresh rates and an RGB backlight. The backlight is synchronized with the display so that the colors will show up as needed. The list of LCD manufacturers:

Organic light emitting diode (or OLED displays) is a thin, flat panel made of glass or plastic used for electronically displaying information such as text, images, and moving pictures. OLED panels can also take the shape of a light panel, where red, green and blue light emitting materials are stacked to create a white light panel. OLED displays can also be made transparent and/or flexible and these transparent panels are available on the market and are widely used in smartphones with under-display optical fingerprint sensors. LCD and OLED displays are available in different shapes, the most prominent of which is a circular display, which is used in smartwatches. The list of OLED display manufacturers:

MicroLED displays is an emerging flat-panel display technology consisting of arrays of microscopic LEDs forming the individual pixel elements. Like OLED, microLED offers infinite contrast ratio, but unlike OLED, microLED is immune to screen burn-in, and consumes less power while having higher light output, as it uses LEDs instead of organic electroluminescent materials, The list of MicroLED display manufacturers:

LCDs are made in a glass substrate. For OLED, the substrate can also be plastic. The size of the substrates are specified in generations, with each generation using a larger substrate. For example, a 4th generation substrate is larger in size than a 3rd generation substrate. A larger substrate allows for more panels to be cut from a single substrate, or for larger panels to be made, akin to increasing wafer sizes in the semiconductor industry.

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LG can’t be happy. The long time purveyor and champion of OLED likely just saw its RGB+W OLED panels relegated to yesteryear’s technology. The culprit? Samsung Display’s new quantum dot RGB OLED panels.

While self-emitting OLED elements offer great color, as well as true black thanks to their ability to shut off completely, they have weaknesses. Red, green, and blue OLED elements vary in brightness, lifespan, and other properties, so OLED panels must balance these factors as well as accommodate the weakest link.

Also, being organic, OLEDs are prone to burn-in and will eventually fade as material burns off. The brighter you run them, the shorter their lifespan. The upshot is that previous RGB OLED TVs didn’t generate a lot of peak brightness, or at least compared to LCD types.

My only questions are exactly how bright these new panels are, and how LG, being the OLED folks, could get backfooted on this one. Maybe the new panels really aren’t that bright. That’s not the scuttlebutt, but we’ll see.

Even in an industry that rounds up 3840 pixels to 4000 pixels to market TVs as “4K,” it’s alarming that a major tech manufacturer would blur that definition even further. That manufacturer is LG Electronics, and the TVs in question are LG’s 6100-, 6500-, and 6800-series LCD models, which rolled out this year and last. These aren’t to be confused with LG’s OLED TVs, which remain among the best you can buy.

As with any other 4K TV, the panels in these LCD models have 2160 horizontal scan lines with 3840 pixels in each line. The pixels in these LG models, however, are very different from what you’ll find in competing 4K TVs—and that difference has a negative impact on image quality. It’s an issue that flies beneath most consumers’ radar because LG doesn’t disclose its departure from conventional standards in its advertising or published specifications.

A single pixel in a conventional LCD display consists of three subpixels: red, green, and blue. A white subpixel can be added to that array to increase a panel’s brightness—it’s an inexpensive way to increase a panel’s luminance, although it also affects color saturation and gamut. Still, luminance is almost as important as the number of pixels for creating a crisp, detailed image. But a bright panel in and of itself won’t deliver the best-quality picture. Read our article on high dynamic range—HDR—for more details.

Here we see the offset replacement RGBW pattern that LG uses in its budget LCD TVs.There are still 11,520 subpixels and 3840 whole pixels per line, but only 2880 of those whole pixels can produce the full range of colors (because every fourth subpixel is white).

LG’s RGBW LCD: 11,520 subpixels where only some groups have all three color elements. Every fourth red, green, or blue subpixel is replaced by a white subpixel to increase luminance. That still comes out to 3840 pixels per row, but there are only 2880 RGB groups staggered over those 3840 pixels.

LG defends the marketing of these RGBW LCD models as 4K TVs, rightly stating that they have 2160 horizontal rows with 3840 pixels consisting of three subpixels each. This forms a matrix of 8,294,400 distinct areas of luminance, and the ISO (International Standards Organization) is big on luminance, a fact that LG is quick to point out in this promotional video available on YouTube:

Where LG’s argument falls apart is in the reduced number and increased spacing of the red, green, and blue subpixels. It’s simply not possible to render details as finely with LG’s matrix—where every fourth red, green, or blue subpixel is replaced by white—as other 4K TVs can render with matrices consisting of conventional RGB (or RGBW) subpixel groupings.

LG mitigates this shortcoming somewhat by tweaking how individual subpixels are addressed and by offsetting subpixel colors by row, so that two white subpixels are never adjacent. But at the end of the day, the LG panels in question still have only 75 percent of the red, green, and blue subpixels to work with.

To empirically test whether LG’s panels fall short on 4K image quality, I gathered up my 4K (3840×2160) test files, and headed for the local big-box store. I would have loved to sit in the lab comparing TVs, but I was unable to obtain a relevant TV from LG in time. No matter, though. The results on the LG 6100-series TVs I saw were indicative of an image-quality deficiency compared to 4K UHD. In fact, they were obvious upon close inspection to both myself and everyone around me.

Why would LG take this approach to building TVs? Well, besides producing a good amount of brightness, an RGBW LCD panel is more energy-efficient than an RGB LCD panel, which must blast all three subpixels with its backlight to create white. LG’s 43-inch 43UH6100 is rated for an operating cost of $16 a month, where most LCD TVs of similar size and brightness are rated to cost $20 or more per month to operate. LG also quotes lower productions costs in the papers I’ve seen.

The subtractive/replacement RGBW used to produce LG’s 6800-, 6500,- and 6100-series TVs wouldn’t be an issue if the technology were advertised as 2.8K, or even—as the industry is wont to do—rounded up and pitched as a 3K. Failing that, consumers should be given at least a footnote in the specs. But these TVs are being sold to consumers as if they offered the same technology found in nearly every other 4K TV on the market, and they don’t.

Based on the concept of "High Resolution World" created by the low temperature poly-silicon (LTPS) technology, JDI will be exhibiting high resolution 4K2K liquid crystal display (LCD) modules for tablets, "WhiteMagic" LCD modules characterized by low power consumption, reflective-type LCD modules, "Pixel Eyes" integrating the touch functionality into the interior of the display (in-cell), etc. JDI will also be delivering three presentations and taking part in four poster sessions at the symposium, which will bring together researchers and engineers involved with displays from around the world.

In each section, a wide array of products will be on exhibition. They include the 10.1-inch 4K2K LCD module, which will come on exhibition for the first time.

Japan Display Inc. (JDI) is the leading global manufacturer of small- and medium-sized display panels and has the world"s largest manufacturing capacity for LTPS LCD panels. JDI develops, designs and manufactures displays that provide high resolution, low power consumption and an ultra thin structure for application in smartphones, tablets, automotive electronics, digital cameras, medical equipment and other electronic devices. The company"s major customers include leading consumer electronics manufacturers and other well-known global companies. JDI was formed through the consolidation of the display panel businesses of Sony, Hitachi and Toshiba and commenced operations on April 1, 2012.

Market research firm WitsView said on January 18 that LG Display increased its TV panel supply volume from 51.95 million to 55.3 million between 2014 and 2015 to rank first in the world last year. Its sales of LCD panels using the RGBW technology, in particular, increased by almost five-fold. Last year, LG Display was followed by Innolux and Samsung Display in the supplier ranking.

LG Display succeeded in overtaking Samsung Display in one year thanks to its RGBW panels. This type of panels accounted for almost half of LG Display’s total TV panel sales last year.

In the meantime, Samsung Display fell from first to third place by supplying 50.9 million panels in 2015. Its supply volume declined 8% from a year ago as the supply to Samsung Electronics, its largest customer, decreased. Innolux increased its volume by 3.1% from 50.16 million to 51.73 million, climbing one notch to second place.

BOE, fourth in the ranking, recorded the highest growth rate among the top six of the world. The Chinese company boosted its volume by no less than 148.5% from 14.35 million to 35.66 million based on its new 8.5-generation production lines. At the same time, BOE was able to deal with a decline in panel price with the Chinese government backing the company with an amount of subsidies.

Fans of TV gear love to debate the merits of flat-panel technologies. In the past, this meant comparing Quantum Dot LED (or QLED TV as it’s most commonly known) and Organic LED, otherwise known as OLED TV. But 2022 was the year a new display technology called Quantum Dot OLED or QD-OLED, made its official debut, and it has already started to reshape the TV landscape thanks to new models from Sony and Samsung, and computer monitors from Dell’s Alienware brand.

Picture improvements aside, it’s also possible that over time, QD-OLED TVs may prove less expensive to buy than similarly sized OLED TVs. We’ll discuss this in more detail later. Since QD-OLED TVs are essentially an evolution of OLED, it’s expected that some of the clever things we’ve seen LG do with its OLED panels, like transparent displays and rollable displays, will soon be possible with QD-OLED, too.

From there, the purified white light passes through the LCD matrix (which is responsible for the images you see, and how bright or dark areas of the screen are) and, finally, through the color filter, which converts the white light into the right amounts of red, green, and blue so that we see true color images.

But it has drawbacks, too. No matter how hard the LCD matrix tries, it can’t block 100% of the light from coming through in dark scenes, so you never get that perfect, inky black that you see on an OLED TV. The LCD matrix also creates problems for off-angle viewing because it tends to “tunnel” light straight outward from the screen.

QLED also has to use more energy to create the brightness you see because the combination of the LCD matrix and the color filter diminishes the light the LED backlight generates. This makes QLED TVs less energy efficient than OLED TVs.

That sounds remarkably simple compared to QLED TV, and it is. Thanks to the emissive nature of the basic element of OLED TV — the OLED pixel — this one ingredient can take care of brightness and image creation, essentially fulfilling the roles of both the LED backlight and the LCD matrix in QLED TV.

Without an LCD matrix, viewing angles with OLED TV are as near-perfect as we’ve ever seen. You can sit wherever you like and still see the same levels of brightness, contrast, and color.

OLED panels are also susceptible to something known as burn-in. If you display the same kind of content on an OLED TV for tons of consecutive hours — say a lower info banner on a news channel, or a control panel in a video game — it can cause those pixels to age at a faster rate than the pixels that are constantly displaying different images.

Finally, because the large-format OLED panel market is effectively a monopoly, with just one company — LG Display — manufacturing and selling them to companies like LG, Sony, Philips, and Vizio, it will remain more expensive than QLED for some time to come.

At the moment, OLED TVs create their light and color starting point with white light. They do this by combining blue and yellow OLED material to create a blend that comes very close to pure white. Why do this instead of using red, green, and blue OLED material? The answer has to do with the complexities of manufacturing OLED panels at the 50-inch to 88-inch sizes of today’s TVs while keeping costs as low as possible.

To give you a sense of just how expensive a true RGB OLED panel is, Sony makes a 4K, 55-inch monitor for the broadcast and film industries that uses this technology. It costs nearly $28,000.

When viewing HDR content, the panels turbocharge these white subpixels to deliver HDR’s higher brightness. But there’s a limit to how hard you can drive those white subpixels. Push them too far and not only do you reduce the panel’s life, but that extra brightness can also wash out the color of the other subpixels, something that is especially noticeable when displaying small features like text, which can often look less crisp.

To deal with the technical hurdles of OLED brightness, QD-OLED TVs take a page out of QLED TV’s handbook. Using the same principle that lets a QLED TV turn a blue backlight into a pure white light using red and green quantum dots, a QD-OLED panel uses just blue OLED material as the basis of each pixel.

At the moment, Samsung Display — a division within Samsung that develops display technologies but doesn’t sell final products like TVs or monitors — is the only company manufacturing QD-OLED panels. It sells these panels to companies like Sony, Dell’s Alienware division, and Samsung Electronics (the Samsung division that makes and sells TVs). We expect other companies will join the ranks of Samsung Display’s QD-OLED customers now that the first highly positive reviews are in.

Remember when we said that quantum dots use light energy at almost 100% efficiency to produce their own light? Well, it turns out that quantum dots aren’t picky about their diet. They can also be energized using electricity for what’s known as quantum dot electroluminescence, or QDEL. In our opinion, it’s QDEL panels that should be referred to as “QD Displays,” not QD-OLED panels, but this isn’t the first time the industry has chosen a confusing tech name, and it certainly won’t be the last.

Much of the recent attention in the mobile display market has been focused on OLED technologies, with Samsung continuing to impress with its curved technology and LG Display investing heavily in new production lines to catch up with the market leader. Talk of the town very much suggests that, at least in the high-end space, OLED is very much the future and LCD is on the way out.

You only have to look at market forecasts for OLED panel shipments to see where the big growth is expected to come from, although that doesn’t mean that LCD demand is necessarily going to fall at the same rate. LCD technology certainly isn’t down and out yet, and there are a number of perhaps more obscure technical reasons why the technology might yet see some momentum swing back towards it.

The issue is that neither LCD nor OLED panels offer 100 percent efficient light output. Some of the light produced is lost or blocked by other essential display components. In the LCD space, the backlight has to pass through filters, which aren’t 100 percent efficient, and the pixel controlling transistor also takes up a notable amount of space that blocks some light in every sub-pixel. Different backplane technologies, such as a-Si and LPTS, change this pixel “aperture”. However as panel manufacturers increase the resolution, more of the light is obscured by these these fixed size transistors.

Transistors are required to drive each colored pixel, but, as you can see, they partially block the LCD backlight, reducing the amount of light that reaches the viewer.

OLED is not immune to this problem either, although losses come in a different form. Each pixel also requires a complex transistor layer but this is hidden under the light emitting part in an OLED panel. Even so, close groupings of the TFTs cause resistive and capacitive energy losses, meaning more power required to drive the same brightness at higher resolutions.  A reflection mitigating polarizer is also needed, which again isn’t fully efficient and also causes some light loss.

duce the transistor sizes or find a way to increase display brightness further. Indium gallium zinc oxide (IGZO) semiconductors can be used not only to significantly reduce the transitory size, and therefore increase sub-pixel aperture, but can also push down power consumption due to increased electron mobility over low cost a-Si alternatives. This solves most of the issues, but not many manufacturers have the yields to mass produce these panels at the required volumes yet.

Display maker Sharp has already demonstrated this technology and is building incredibly pixel dense displays for the virtual reality market using IGZO. In a smartphone form factor, it seems almost inevitable that other LCD manufacturers will move over to this technology as the pressure to increase display resolution continues and manufacturing yields improve. LG Display has mentioned to us that it envisions transitioning over to IGZO-TFT once it’s refined its implementation, although we don’t know how long this will take and if it will be used for mobile screens.

RGBW display designs, such as LG Display’s M+ sub-pixel technology, offer an alternative solution. MLCD Plus introduces a dedicated white pixel into the usual red, green, blue makeup of a display panel. Instantly, this grants a major boost to display brightness, which is very helpful for improved readability in outdoor environments and for displaying HDR content on very compact displays.

Given that we know color filters are inefficient, LCD panels waste a lot of light when displaying a white image, which requires red, green, and blue pixels to be turned on. Using a white pixel sans-filter layer means that we can turns the RGB pixels off and reduce the display brightness to achieve the same result. Alternatively we can turn all the pixels on for a brightness boost.

We’ve only seen M+ used in the TV space so far, but a 5.5-inch mobile prototype is set up in LG Display’s Paju showroom showing off some impressive power metrics. LG Display states that MLCD Plus can reduce typical power consumption by 35 percent while retaining brightness, or boost brightness by 50 percent for the same power consumption. However, the demo unit that was displaying mostly white content at equal brightness was able to cut power consumption by roughly 50 percent.

As well as decreasing power consumption, the 50 percent boost to peak brightness is also very helpful for outdoor viewing and the trend towards HDR content. As I’ve mentioned, displaying HDR content requires a display to be able to produce a wider range of steps between black and peak brightness, and boosting the maximum brightness is one way to do this. This is particularly important in the LCD space, where blacks aren’t as deep as OLED. So, technologies like M+ could be picked up by phone manufacturers looking for an LCD panel that offers a brightness boost when playing back HDR video.HDR display technology: Everything you need to know

Now of course, MLCD Plus isn’t without a small compromise. Based on the RGBW pattern above, M+ introduces a white pixel every fourth sub-pixel, meaning that over the course of 12 sub-pixels there are now only 3 of each RGB components plus 3 white components, as opposed to 4 of each red, green, and blue. So, there’s potentially an issue with color balance, that has to be addressed when driving an image to the display, although this didn’t seem to be a problem on the TVs we saw.

Secondly, this extra white pixel has some implications for resolution. With a third fewer RGB pixels to highlight details in mixed color images, technically RGBW does sacrifice some contrast detail resolution in order to boost brightness. Please note though that OLED displays also commonly play around with different sub-pixel layouts too, which makes counting and comparing RGB components a little futile. The Samsung Galaxy S8’s panel still uses a RGBG diamond PenTile matrix, for example. It’s worth pointing out that the ICDM defies resolution as the number of lines and spaces that may be resolved with a minimum Michelson contrast, and RGBW sub-pixel designs meet this criteria for display 4K content.

That being said, in smartphone form factors where a QHD resolution already suprasses our ability to discern individual pixel details even on 5.5 and 6-inch displays, these type of trade-off are highly unlikely to make any visual difference in terms of detail. So RGBW sub-pixel displays are arguably more suited to mobile displays than TVs, as phones can benefit from the extra battery life and the displays are small enough that sacrificing some pixels to an alternative function won’t make a perceivable difference to fine details.

OLED has certainly had the momentum this year, and the technology correctly has its upsides, particularly when it comes to increasing color gamut and meeting the requirements of HDR. However, as much attention as OLED received of late, LCD technology continue to innovate too. With Quantum Dot pushing color gamut, and ideas like RGBW and superior transistor technologies improving brightness and power consumption, LCD continues to put up a good fight.

With product developers no doubt keen to push display resolutions even higher, especially if they’re to cater to the demands of virtual reality, and producers reading high dynamic range content for consumers, the display market landscape is in the midst a shift once again. Not forgetting the never ending battle against battery life in the mobile space too. It’s going to be up to OEMs to pick out the best technologies for their products going forward, and it wouldn’t surprise me if we continue to see a mix of OLED and LCD implementations.

Established in 1998, Winstar Display Co., Ltd. is a reliable LCD Display Module Manufacturer and LCD Panel Supplier. Winstar has development of high-quality display module products. We operate worldwide, configure, service products, and also provide logistics support to deliver products and services competitively. We provide LCM Modules including monochrome TN/STN/FSTN LCM, COG LCD, TFT LCM / TFT panels, FSC-LCD, graphic LCM, character LCD displays, OLED display modules (PMOLED), custom LCD displays, OLED and LCD panel.