lcd panel bpp quotation

BPP-420 understands traditional control codes, such as Tab LF/CR FF/Clear Backspace etc. Additional features are mapped to other control codes or Escape sequences. A quick summary:

BPP-440 understands traditional control codes, such as Tab LF/CR FF/Clear Backspace etc. Additional features are mapped to other control codes or Escape sequences. A quick summary:

Abstract: Epson KS 110 16 X 2 LCD Panel Display MC68K SED1375 24 PIN TFT MOBILE DISPLAY epson lcd display mod. sec AB14 MC68000 MC68030 schematic hitachi lcd power supply unit

Text: depth of 2 bpp . 640x240 at a color depth of 4 bpp . 320x240 at a color depth of 8 bpp . · Up to 256 , with programmable READY. CPU write buffer. 1/2/4/8 bit-per-pixel ( bpp ) support for LCD Panels. Up , . Example resolutions: 640x480 at a color depth of 2 bpp . 640x240 at a color depth of 4 bpp . 320x240 at a color depth of 8 bpp . · Power Down Modes · · · Software Power Save mode. Hardware Power , 640 100 200 1/2/4/8 bpp 1/2/4/8 bpp 1/2/4/8 bpp 1/2/4/8 bpp 1/2/4 bpp 1/2/4 bpp 240

Text: bus interface with programmable READY. · Resolutions up to: 640x480 at a color depth of 2 bpp . 640x240 at a color depth of 4 bpp . 320x240 at a color depth of 8 bpp . · Up to 256 simultaneous colors , READY. CPU write buffer. 1/2/4/8 bit-per-pixel ( bpp ) support for LCD Panels. Up to 16 shades of , depth of 2 bpp . 640x240 at a color depth of 4 bpp . 320x240 at a color depth of 8 bpp . · Power , SUPPORT Horizontal Pixels 100 200 240 320 480 640 100 200 1/2/4/8 bpp 1/2/4/8 bpp

Text: /PAL TV output using Embedded RAMDAC. 2.4 Display Modes · 4/8/15/16 bit-per-pixel ( bpp ) color , Dithering. · Up to 32K/64K colors in 15/16 bpp modes on color passive LCD panels using dithering. · Up to , 240 at a color depth of 16 bpp . 640 x 240 at a color depth of 16 bpp . 640 x 480 at a color depth of 16 bpp . 800 x 600 at a color depth of 16 bpp . 2.5 Display Features · SwivelViewTM: 90°, 180°, 270

Text: . 2.4 Display Modes · 4/8/15/16 bit-per-pixel ( bpp ) color depths. · Up to 64 shades of gray on , /16 bpp modes on color passive LCD panels using dithering. · Up to 64K colors on TFT/D-TFD, CRT and TV , are mapped directly, bypassing the LUT. · Example Resolutions: 320 x 240 at a color depth of 16 bpp . 640 x 240 at a color depth of 16 bpp . 640 x 480 at a color depth of 16 bpp . 800 x 600 at a color depth of 16 bpp . 2.5 Display Features · SwivelViewTM: 90°, 180°, 270° hardware rotation of display

Text: color STN, and 32K color TFT support · 1, 2, or 4 bits-per-pixel ( bpp ) palettized displays for mono STN · 1, 2, 4 or 8 bpp palettized color displays for color STN and TFT · 16 bits-per-pixel ( bpp ) true-color non-palettized, for color STN and TFT · 24 bpp true-color non-palettized, for color TFT · , frequency · bpp · display type, STN mono/color or TFT · STN 4 or 8-bit interface mode · STN dual or , support one or more of the following color modes: · 1 bpp , palettized, 2 colors selected from

Text: Copyright © ARM Limited 1999 , 2000. All rights reserved. ARM DDI 0161D Introduction · · 8 bpp , Copyright © ARM Limited 1999 , 2000. All rights reserved. 2-9 Functional Overview In 16 and 24 bpp , color STN, and 32K color TFT support · 1, 2 or 4 bits-per-pixel ( bpp ) palettized displays for mono STN · 1, 2, 4 or 8 bpp palettized color displays for color STN and TFT · 16 bpp true-color non-palettized, for color STN and TFT · 24 bpp true-color non-palettized, for color TFT · programmable timing

Text: , indicating signal status, error, etc Each backplane may hold two hardware units. The terminal blocks (200- BPP , equipped with a maximum of four 200- BPP screw terminal blocks, two for each hardware unit. Two , backplane slot. 200-CIPB/DP 200-DU 200-BPN 3 Paper cut line Paper cut line 200- BPP The 200- BPP is a 12-pole screw terminal block for connecting power and communication signals to the , adapters, 200-ANN. 200- BPP 4 Paper cut line I/O configuration example 200-BPT On a coaxial

Text: 14 Big-Endian Bus Interface . . . . . 14.1 Byte Swapping Bus Data . . . . 14.1.1 16 Bpp Color Depth . . . . . 14.1.2 1/2/4/8 Bpp Color Depth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , Development Vancouver Design Center Page 9 2.4 Display Modes · 1/2/4/8/16 bit-per-pixel ( bpp ) color , Example resolutions: 320x240 at a color depth of 8 bpp 160x160 at a color depth of 16 bpp 160x240 at a color depth of 16 bpp 2.5 Display Features · SwivelViewTM: 90°, 180°, 270° counter-clockwise

Abstract: lcd ramdac capacitor bc series 10uf/63V toshiba lcd power board schematic LCD dots toshiba 320X240 LP29 CORE SED1354F hitachi lcd backlight schematic lcd 240 128 ts SED1354

Text: Swapping Bus Data . . . . 14.1.1 16 Bpp Color Depth . . . . . 14.1.2 1/2/4/8 Bpp Color Depth . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145 Byte-swapping for 16 Bpp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147 Byte-swapping for 1/2/4/8 Bpp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , Development Vancouver Design Center Page 13 2.4 Display Modes · 1/2/4/8/16 bit-per-pixel ( bpp ) color , Example resolutions: 320x240 at a color depth of 8 bpp 160x160 at a color depth of 16 bpp 160x240 at a

Text: attempting to change to 1280x1024x16 bpp . 14 x x x x Fixed Fixed Fixed 16 x , in a multi-monitor configuration in the 720x480x8- bpp color mode. 2 x x Fixed Fixed , when maximizing the Bears movie, at 8- bpp color depth. 3 x x Fixed Fixed Fixed , Fixed AVIs play upside down (full screen) when switching from 640x480x16 bpp to 640x480x8 bpp , with , Fixed Fixed Fixed Fixed Fixed Watermark corruption at 1280x1024x24 bpp , at 75-Hz display

Abstract: crt tv circuit diagram SED1356F0A flat screen tv circuit diagram diagram philips lcd tv circuit diagram mobile tv of lcd circuit diagram for crt tv philips LCD TV Crt Tv Power Control IC

Text: Display Modes · 4/8/16 bit-per-pixel ( bpp ) support on LCD, CRT and TV · Up to 16 shades of gray by FRM on , bpp modes · Hardware Portrait Mode: direct hardware rotation of display image for "portrait" mode , Epson Corporation 1999 All right reserved. Windows is a registered trademark of Microsoft Corporation

Text: ://www.nortelnetworks.com/ bpp or contact your local Nortel Networks Partner Representative. For more information on the , Networks · 8200 Dixie Road, Suite 100 · Brampton, Ontario L6T 5P6 · Canada www.nortelnetworks.com/ bpp http:// Copyright © 1999 Northern Telecom. All rights reserved. Bay Networks and Optivity are

Text: Idle (Suspend-on-halt) with a display resolution of 800x600x8 bpp at 75 Hz. While the x86 core , running Windows at 80% Active Idle (Suspend-on-halt) with a display resolution of 800x600x8 bpp @ 75 Hz , Hardware cursor · Supports up to 1280x1024x8 bpp and 1024x768x16 bpp Note: The GUI (Graphical User , (Suspendon-halt) with a display resolution of 800x600x8 bpp @ 75 Hz. www.national.com 4 Product Overview , June 1999 GXLV Processor A Low Power Integrated x86 Solution General Description The GXLV

Text: application online, visit our Web site at http://www.nortelnetworks.com/ bpp or contact your local Nortel , 8200 Dixie Road, Suite 100 · Brampton, Ontario L6T 5P6 · Canada www.nortelnetworks.com/ bpp http:// Copyright © 1999 Northern Telecom. All rights reserved. Bay Networks and Optivity are registered trademarks

Text: www.nortelnetworks.com/ bpp http:// Copyright © 1999 Northern Telecom. All rights reserved. Bay Networks and , application online, visit our Web site at http://www.nortelnetworks.com/ bpp or contact your local Nortel

Text: ://www.nortelnetworks.com/ bpp or contact your local Nortel Networks Partner Representative. · Completed ESP and service , Networks · 8200 Dixie Road, Suite 100 · Brampton, Ontario L6T 5P6 · Canada www.nortelnetworks.com/ bpp http:// Copyright © 1999 Northern Telecom. All rights reserved. Bay Networks and Optivity are

Text: panels; a 16x4 Look-Up-Table is used to map 1/2/4- bpp modes into these shades · 256 simultaneous of 4096 colors on color passive LCD panels; three 16x4 Look-Up-Tables are used to map 1/2/4/8- bpp modes into , another government agency. © Seiko Epson Corporation 1999 All right reserved. Windows is a registered

Text: passive LCD panels; a 16x4 Look-Up-Table is used to map 1/2/4- bpp modes into these shades · 256 simultaneous of 4096 colors on color passive LCD panels; three 16x4 Look-Up-Tables are used to map 1/2/4/8- bpp , another government agency. © Seiko Epson Corporation 1999 All right reserved. Windows is a registered

Text: support in VGA BIOS are listed below. January 23, 1999 Page 19/29 Mode Type PAGE BPP , GRxx means Graphic controler register index xx ARxx means Attribute controler register index xx BPP , plane addressing mode nor directly to text mode, it only applies to non VGA 8,16,24 BPP mode. Also , mode each pixel is a byte For 15/16 BPP mode each pixel is a word For 24 BPP mode each pixel is a 3 , Gex -B.P. 112 165, rue Edouard Branly 01637 Saint Genis Pouilly (France) Revised January 27, 1999

Text: concurrency between PCI master and L1 cache · Supports up to 1280x1024x8 bpp and 1024x768x16 bpp , June 1999 MediaGXTM MMXTM-Enhanced Processor Integrated x86 Solution with MMX Support General Description The MediaGXTM MMXTM-Enhanced Processor is an advanced 64-bit x86 compatible processor offering high performance, fully accelerated 2D graphics, a 64-bit synchronous DRAM controller , National Semiconductor Corporation. MMX is a trademark of Intel Corporation. © 1999 National

Text: ) Video Layers and Data Processing Hardware Cursor 64x64, 2- bpp color CRT Graphics Layer 8/16/ 64x64, 2- bpp color FIFO merg e FIFO m erge LUT FIFO merge Alpha Layer 4 bits ·, 4/12- bpp color, 16- bpp transparent color alpha blend FIFO Video Alpha Layer 4 bits ·, 4/12- bpp color 8/16- bpp transparent color Video Layer 8/16/

Text: 65550 32-Bit 65554 64-Bit 640 x 480 x 8 bpp 75 Hz 37.5 KHz 31.5 MHz 300 KB + 4.2 KB 20 MHz 20 MHz 640 x 480 x 8 bpp 85 Hz 43.3 KHz 36 MHz 300 KB + 4.2 KB 20 MHz 20 MHz 640 x 480 x 16 bpp 75 Hz 37.5 KHz 31.5 MHz 600 KB + 4.2 KB 25 MHz 20 MHz 640 x 480 x 16 bpp 85 Hz 43.3 KHz 36 MHz 600 KB + 4.2 KB 28 MHz 20 MHz 640 x 480 x 24 bpp 60 Hz 31.5 KHz 25.175 MHz 900 KB + 4.2 KB 28 MHz 20 MHz 640 x 480 x 24

Text: the highest quality encoding of 32 bits-per-pixel ( BPP ). Each of those source graphics can come from any memory location; so the peak demand on a specific memory interface would also be 6 x 32 BPP , each 32 BPP layer at a peak rate of 266 Mpixels/s (two pixels per clock cycle). This data rate must be , overlapping layers in the design. For example a frame which uses 4 x 32 BPP overlapping layers means that , BPP graphic. This is equivalent to a raw transfer rate of just over 1 GB/s. This means that the memory

Text: 6.1.5.1 8- bpp Frame Buffer . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.1.5.2 bpp Frame Buffers . Core Space Map for bpp Bitmap Access in bpp Bitmap Operands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Text: RGB526/RGB526DB 5.0 5.1 VRAM Pixel Formats Bit Ordering 5.3 4 BPP Bit order is high-to-low. For 8 BPP , the MSB is `7" and the LSB is `O "; for 16 BPP the MSB is `15" and the LSB is `O " , used is at the end with bit PIX[63] (bit PIX[31] for VRAM width = 32). For example, for 8 BPP , the first pixel is PIX[07:00], the second pixel is PIX[15:08], and so on. 4 BPP is a special case. Within a , set, for 4 BPP . Independent of the VRAM pixel format, the two bytes within each pair of incoming

Text: , 2- bpp color CRT Graphics Layer 8/16/ 64x64, 2- bpp color FIFO merge FIFO merge FIFO merge Alpha Layer 4 bits ·, 4/12- bpp color, 16- bpp transparent color alpha blend FIFO Video Alpha Layer 4 bits ·, 4/12- bpp color 8/16- bpp transparent color Video Layer 8/16/

Text: . The number of display colors of one pixel in a font (called depth) is expressed in bpp (bits per pixel , depth register. Font vertical size (FMVSZ) pth de ) nt Fo MDH (F 4 bpp 2 bpp Font horizontal size (FMHSZ) Figure 3-8 1 bpp Font Structure 3­8 ML86V8208 On-Screen Display (OSD , ] Font depth [ bpp ] 00 1 01 2 10 4 11 (reserved) 3­9 ML86V8208 On-Screen , Horizontal × Vertical 16×16 16×24 24×16 24×24 Depth Maximum number of fonts 1 bpp 2 bpp

Abstract: LED display single color module circuit for p10 14 pin LCD LCD 4.3 lcd 34 pin 18 pin LCD Microcontroller AT89s52 connections with lcd LCD Display pin diagram LcD 30 PIN lcd 256 color

Text: Palette Entry/Buffer Format (8 BPP ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 Palette Entry/Buffer Format (1, 2, 4, 12, 16 BPP ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 BPP Frame Buffer Memory Organization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 BPP Frame Buffer Memory Organization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 BPP Frame Buffer Memory

Text: in 1 bpp Mode (black and white) by Single Chip Supports VGA (640 × 480) and 64K Color Built-in , other TFT panels Typical resolutions - 320 × 240 (8- bpp mode, external VRAM is required) bpp = bits per pixel - 320 × 240 (1- bpp mode) * Note that the panel width must be a multiple of 16 ÷ bits per , of gray when a monochrome passive LCD panel is used. - Two-shade display in 1- bpp mode - Four-shade display in 2- bpp mode - 16-shade display in 4- bpp mode Seiko Epson Corporation 5

Text: accelerator — Three-operand BitBLÎ {bit block transfer) — Color expansion for 8-, 16-, 24-, and CL-GD546X integrates a 24- bpp palette DAC, clock generators, a full-feature VGA controller, and V-Portâ , (Double-Buffered) Color Depth (Double-Buffered) Z-Buffer Off-Screen Texture Memory^ 1 Mbyte 840 x 480 8 bpp Host based > 350 Kbytes 1 Mbyte 320 X 240 16 bpp 16 bit > 450 Kbytes 2 Mbyte 640 x 480 16 bpp 16 bit > 150 Kbytes 2 Mbyte 640 x 480 16 bpp Host based > 600 Kbytes 2 Mbyte 485 x 380 16 bpp 16 bit > 800 Kbytes a

Abstract: Epson KS 110 16 X 2 LCD Panel Display MC68K SED1375 24 PIN TFT MOBILE DISPLAY epson lcd display mod. sec AB14 MC68000 MC68030 schematic hitachi lcd power supply unit

Text: depth of 2 bpp . 640x240 at a color depth of 4 bpp . 320x240 at a color depth of 8 bpp . · Up to 256 , with programmable READY. CPU write buffer. 1/2/4/8 bit-per-pixel ( bpp ) support for LCD Panels. Up , . Example resolutions: 640x480 at a color depth of 2 bpp . 640x240 at a color depth of 4 bpp . 320x240 at a color depth of 8 bpp . · Power Down Modes · · · Software Power Save mode. Hardware Power , 640 100 200 1/2/4/8 bpp 1/2/4/8 bpp 1/2/4/8 bpp 1/2/4/8 bpp 1/2/4 bpp 1/2/4 bpp 240

Text: to 16 shades of gray when a monochrome passive LCD panel is used. Two-shade display in 1- bpp mode, Four-shade display in 2- bpp mode, 16-shade display in 4- bpp mode A maximum of 64K colors can be simultaneously displayed on a color passive LCD panel. 256-color display in 8- bpp mode, 4K-color display in 12- bpp mode, 64K-color display in 16- bpp mode A maximum of 4096 colors can be simultaneously displayed on a TFT panel. Two-color display in 1- bpp mode, Four-color display in 2- bpp mode, 16-color display in 4- bpp

Text: . SCLK Frequencies BPP VRAM=32 VRAM=64 4 T 8 + 16 8 + 4 -r 8 15/16 + 2 + 4 32 + 1 + 2 24 Packed Invalid , pro-grammed to operate beyond this frequency. When a pixel format of 24 BPP Packed is selected, the SCLK , . SCLK for 24 BPP Packed 4 March 17,1995 1DDhl4t D0Q007L 51D RGB524 2.6 Additional Clocks 2.7 PLL Setup , port is selected, the pixel format can be 4 BPP (bits per pixel), 8 BPP , 15/16 BPP , 24 BPP Packed, or 32 BPP , selected by the Format bits of the Pixel Format register. Table 7, "Pixel Format Table," on

Text: Three-operand BitBLT (bit block transfer) - Color expansion for 8-, 16-, 24-, and bpp palette DAC, clock generators, a full-feature VGA controller, and V-Port TM bus for , (Double-Buffered) Z-Buffer Off-Screen Texture Memory a 1 Mbyte 640 × 480 8 bpp Host based > 350 Kbytes 1 Mbyte 320 × 240 16 bpp 16 bit > 450 Kbytes 2 Mbyte 640 × 480 16 bpp 16 bit > 150 Kbytes 2 Mbyte 640 × 480 16 bpp Host based > 600 Kbytes 2

Abstract: LED display single color module circuit for p10 lpg 889 Microcontroller AT89C51 used in display bus 24 pin stn lcd pinout details LCD 8 pin Microcontroller AT89s52 connections with lcd 19 LCD DISPLAY PINOUT 8 Pinout monochrome lcd lpp 68 g1

Text: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16- BPP Mode (TFT) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12- BPP Mode . . , . . . . 8- BPP Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4- BPP Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2- BPP Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Text: Bypass Control 8-bit 256-Shade Gray Mode 4/8-bit Palette Index Modes Multiple 4 BPP and 16 BPP , . SCLK Frequencies BPP VRAM=32 VRAM=64 4 8 15/16 32 +8 +4 +2 +1 24 Packed , register. If the VRAM pixel port is selected, the pixel format can be 4 BPP (bits per pixel), 8 BPP , 15/16 BPP , 24 BPP Packed, or 32 BPP , selected by the Format bits of the Pixel Format register. Table 7 , Format. VGA data and 4 BPP data are always used to indirectly generate 24 bits of color by indexing

Text: register. I f the VRAM pixel port is selected, the pixel form at can be 4 B P P (bits p er pixel), 8 BPP , 15/16 BPP , 24 B P P Packed, or 32 BPP , selected by the F o rm at b its of the Pixel F orm at register , off the index b its a s desired. 8 BPP , 15/16 BPP , 24 B P P Packed, and 32 B P P from the VRAM pixel , ically select in direct or direct color. A s with VGA and 4 BPP , the P ixel M ask is usedsto mask: off p alette ad d ress b its with indirect color access:far 8^-" 15/16, 24 Packed, and 32 BPP . 3.2

Text: of gray when a monochrome passive LCD panel is used. Two-shade display in 1- bpp mode, Four-shade display in 2- bpp mode, 16-shade display in 4- bpp mode A maximum of 64K colors can be simultaneously displayed on a color passive LCD panel. 256-color display in 8- bpp mode, 4K-color display in 12- bpp mode, 64K-color display in 16- bpp mode A maximum of 4096 colors can be simultaneously displayed on a TFT panel. Two-color display in 1- bpp mode, Four-color display in 2- bpp mode, 16-color display in 4- bpp

Text: used for a VRAM width of 64. The “8 BPP Double Buffer* mode works on 16 bit boundaries, and so runs SCLK a» if the pixel format was 15/16 BPP . The SCLK output can be inverted with the SCLK INVT bit of , will operate at 1/4 the frequency of the pixel PLL output. Table 2. SCLK Frequencies BPP VRAM=32 4 8 15/16 32 24 Packed 8 BPP Dbl Buf VRAM=64 VRAM=128 VRAM=64, Dual 64 Bit Buffer , i i i i i i 1 _ I- 1 _ I SCLK for 24 BPP

Text: bits per pixel ( bpp ), which is equal to the number of bits the pixel address has to be shifted to get , ( bpp ) and 32 lines vertical. Following examples demonstrate physical address calculation with relationship to color depth ( bpp ). 3 1bpp ­ 320x240 256 pixels in X-Dim (256 bit / 1 bpp ) 32 pixels in , bpp ) 32 pixels in Y-Dim 320 / 128 = 2,5 -> 3 blocks horizontal 240 / 32 = 7,5 -> 8 blocks vertical , pixels in X-Dim (256 bit / 8 bpp ) 32 pixels in Y-Dim 320 / 32 = 10 -> 3 blocks horizontal 240 / 32 = 7

Text: Typical resolutions - 320 × 240 (8- bpp mode, external VRAM is required) - 320 × 240 (1- bpp mode) * Note , used. - Two-shade display in 1- bpp mode - Four-shade display in 2- bpp mode - 16-shade display in 4- bpp , -color display in 8- bpp mode - 4K-color display in 12- bpp mode - 64K-color display in 16- bpp mode A maximum of 4096 colors can be simultaneously displayed on a TFT panel. - Two-color display in 1- bpp mode - Four-color display in 2- bpp mode - 16-color display in 4- bpp mode - 256-color display in 8- bpp mode - 4K

Text: bus interface with programmable READY. · Resolutions up to: 640x480 at a color depth of 2 bpp . 640x240 at a color depth of 4 bpp . 320x240 at a color depth of 8 bpp . · Up to 256 simultaneous colors , READY. CPU write buffer. 1/2/4/8 bit-per-pixel ( bpp ) support for LCD Panels. Up to 16 shades of , depth of 2 bpp . 640x240 at a color depth of 4 bpp . 320x240 at a color depth of 8 bpp . · Power , SUPPORT Horizontal Pixels 100 200 240 320 480 640 100 200 1/2/4/8 bpp 1/2/4/8 bpp

Text: : 640x480 at a color depth of 1 bpp 640x240 at a color depth of 2 bpp 320x240 at a color depth of 4 bpp 240x160 at a color depth of 8 bpp Clock Source · Single clock input for both pixel and memory clocks. · , ( bpp ), 2/4/16-level grayscale display. · 1/2/4/8 bit-per-pixel, 2/4/16/256-level color display. · , MODE SUPPORT Horizontal Pixels 100 200 240 320 480 640 1/2/4 bpp 1/2/4 bpp 100 200 1/2/4/8 bpp 1/2/4/8 bpp 1/2/4 bpp 1/2/4 bpp 1/2 bpp 1/2 bpp 240 1/2/4/8

Text: Controller with 12KB IVRAM Supports Up to QVGA (320 × 240) Display in 1 bpp Mode (black and white) by , EPSON S1C33L17· 12/16-bit Generic HR-TFT interface · Typical resolutions - 320 × 240 (1- bpp mode, external VRAM is required) bpp = bits per pixel - 640 × 480 (16- bpp mode) Note that the panel width must , display in 1- bpp mode - Four-shade display in 2- bpp mode - 16-shade display in 4- bpp mode · A maximum of 64K colors can be simultaneously displayed on a color passive LCD panel. - 256-color display in 8- bpp

Text: /PAL TV output using Embedded RAMDAC. 2.4 Display Modes · 4/8/15/16 bit-per-pixel ( bpp ) color , Dithering. · Up to 32K/64K colors in 15/16 bpp modes on color passive LCD panels using dithering. · Up to , 240 at a color depth of 16 bpp . 640 x 240 at a color depth of 16 bpp . 640 x 480 at a color depth of 16 bpp . 800 x 600 at a color depth of 16 bpp . 2.5 Display Features · SwivelViewTM: 90°, 180°, 270

Liquid crystal display (LCD) is a flat panel display that uses the light modulating properties of liquid crystals. Liquid crystals do not produce light directly, instead using a backlight or reflector to produce images in colour or monochrome.

Seiko Epson Corporation (“Epson”) has begun shipping samples of the S1D13709, a new display controller IC with built-in memory that is capable of easily controlling the display of both text and graphics on color TFT[1] and STN[2] LCD panels. This display controller is ideal for control panels used on factory automation equipment and office equipment such as printers and multifunction units.

STN panels are often used as control panels on factory automation systems and office equipment, but demand for color TFT panels in these applications has been growing in recent years because of their good visibility and greater powers of expression. The new S1D13709, with built-in CGROM[3], can enable such popular features as mixed text and graphics, overlays, and smooth scrolling (vertical and horizontal) on both STN and TFT LCD panels. In addition, since memory for the display is built-in, no external memory is needed. This saves space and design work for users. The software of the new S1D13709 is compatible with that of the S1D13700, Epson’s previous display controller IC for monochrome STN LCD panels. This makes it easy for S1D13700 users to migrate to color TFT LCD panels.

Users of the S1D13700, Epson’s previous display controller IC for monochrome STN display panels, can use the new S1D13709 with their existing software to control color TFT LCDs (some restrictions apply).

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The PI3HDX511D is a small size DisplayPort dual mode Level Shifter and HDMI1.4b redriver packaged into 2.5x4.5mm size QFN with 48-bpp Deep Color support. This small QFN package with low power consumption is suitable to solve the ultra mobile devices, extremely tight design space limitations. PI3HDX511D has small stand-by current consumption less than 1mA to extend battery hours.

The controller can be integrated as a part of system on chip or can be discrete. The image rendered by the application is displayed on the screen for the user by the LCD controller. The image of the screen on the memory is called the frame buffer. The configuration of the controller is typically established through programmable options for display type, resolution, pixel depth, overlays, hardware cursor, and output data formatting.

LCD panels can be passive (Dual scan STN or regular STN) or active (based on TFT-Thin Film Transistors). Active matrix panels are power efficient and have higher density as well as higher retention capability. There are some panels which incorporate the display buffer with the panel, allowing the controller to refresh the buffer at the content update rate as opposed to refresh rate specified for the panel. Display resolution varies...

The first application will look at using Silicon Labs’ EFM32 microcontroller to drive an electronic paper display. This paper will then describe two different approaches to driving LCDs using standard microcontrollers. In the first of these, a PIC32 microcontroller from Microchip will be part of the circuitry for developing a controllerless graphics embedded application. In the second, a standard ST62 microcontroller from STMicroelectronics will be used to drive the LCD. E-paper display

Starter Kit. The expansion board includes a flexible panel connector for display connection, 8 MB flash memory for image storage, temperature sensor, and a 20-pin connector for connection to the EFM32 MCU. The connector is available for 1.44, 2.0 and 2.7 inch paper display panels. The signal to drive the panel is routed on the 20-pin connector. The board comes with a 20-pin connector cable that is terminated in a standard jumper cable on the other side. Figure 2 shows how to connect the entry panel to the expansion kit.

Pervasive Displays’ panels are equipped with an integrated chip-on-glass (CoG) driver that controls the lines and columns on the panel; the CoG has a three-wire SPI interface to accept commands from the MCU. When writing images to the display, the panel requires a high voltage to drive the pixels. To achieve this without an external voltage supply, a charge pump circuit is used. the MCU must provide a PWM signal between 100 and 300 kHz to charge this voltage.

The process of drawing an image begins with the MCU powering up and initializing the CoG. During initialization, the MCU sends SPI commands to the CoG and must adhere to the timing sequence in the CoG documentation. It must also provide PWM waveforms as part of the initialization sequence. Image data is written multiple times to avoid ghosting and to improve contrast. The number of times a frame should be rewritten depends on the type and temperature of the display. Particles move more slowly at cooler temperatures, so the panel needs more rewrites. This is why the expansion board has a temperature sensor to help determine the necessary number of rewrites. there is also an internal temperature sensor in the EFM32 that can be used. The CoG driver is then closed, which must be done in a specific sequence according to the timing sequence that the MCU must follow. The sequence consists of first clearing the pixel registers and then discharging the charge pump capacitors.

The MCU needs to keep two frame buffers in memory, one for the new image and one for the old image still in the panel. This is because the panel is updated in four stages. First, the current image is inverted. Next, the entire panel is drawn white. Then, the reverse side of the new image is drawn, and finally the new image is drawn. After the power-off sequence is complete, the power to the panel can be removed and the image will remain in place.

In order to optimize power during display updates, the EFM32 must always be in the correct energy mode. Therefore, it should run at a high frequency when rendering new images. The clock frequency may slow down during the update phase, when frames are transferred to the panel via SPI, because that phase should run for a predefined amount of time. During the delay period, the MCU can be in sleep mode while it waits for the CoG to be ready. Depending on whether other tasks need to be performed during the sleep mode, it is wise to use Energy Mode IV as the sleep mode. When waking up from this mode, the MCU must perform a full reset and run boot and initialization code, which increases current consumption. Therefore, this mode is only fully beneficial when the sleep mode is long.

The main parameter that can be optimized to save power during the update is how long each phase should take. The display documentation should define reasonable defaults for each panel as well as temperature factors that can be used to extend this time to accommodate colder environments.

Controllerless graphics systems need to send a frame of pixel information to the display glass at a refresh rate of about 60 Hz. This means that the system must constantly send frame data to the LCD panel, which takes up a lot of CPU time. However, the PIC32 MCU can have a direct memory access (DMA) peripheral that transfers data without CPU intervention, reducing CPU time to less than 5%.

The PMP selects a read or write signal after each pixel transfer. the read/write selection of the PMP peripheral acts as the pixel clock for the display glass. After each line of pixel data is transferred, the CPU is interrupted by DMA and updates certain timing signals required by the LCD panel, such as HSYNC, VSYNC, and DEN. This process is repeated until the entire frame is drawn. The frames are stored in volatile memory, so the image can be dynamic. In this setup, SRAM is used. the system can be set to use internal or external SRAM as shown in Figure 3.

The PMP data lines are used to map colors to the TFT LCD. 16 PMP data lines can be configured to transfer color data, depending on the color format used. In 8 BPP color mode, only 8 PMP data lines are required. When using external memory for the 16 BPP color mode, either 8 or 16 PMP lines can be used. With 8 data lines, the external memory data lines are still mapped to the TFT LCD in 16 BPP mode, but the PIC32 MCU is connected to the memory via 8 bits only. When a write needs to be performed, the MCU can use the low/high byte pins on the external memory to send the 16-bit color values to SRAM.

While the controllerless approach described here is intended for use with TFT LCD panels, it can also be used with CSTN or MSTN glass with only minor modifications. Most LCD panels can have 8 to 24 color data lines, depending on the color depth. These lines provide the raw color data to the LCD. The clock signals HSYNC, VSYNC, DEN and PCLK synchronize the pixel data with the graphics frame and the LCD panel. The sync line tells the LCD panel when data is at the beginning or end of a line (HSYNC) or frame (VSYNC). den (data enable line) lets the panel know when to send valid pixel data. den is required for TFT type panels because it takes time to set up the panel to get the correct pixel position.

The PCLK signal is the clock source for the entire system. A clock pulse from PCLK updates the panel. All other clock lines must be synchronized with the pixel clock to achieve proper image output. Not all display panels have HSYNC, VSYNC, and DEN lines. This example applies to panels that can be used to interpret each line and its purpose. However, panels that do not contain HSYNC and VSYNC signals can still be used with controllerless graphics setups.

The LCC software driver can help with synchronization that requires certain timing parameters, such as pulse width, leading and trailing edges of horizontal and vertical pulses. After compiling these values into the driver, the panel will display the frame.

It is also possible to drive an LCD without a dedicated driver using STMicroelectronics’ ST62 microcontroller, which is suitable for applications that require a low-cost, small display but can take advantage of the microcontroller’s versatile capabilities.

The LCD is virtually transparent with a zero root mean square (RMS) voltage applied, and the LCD contrast (which makes the segments dark or opaque and therefore on) is caused by the difference between the applied RMS LCD voltage and the LCD threshold voltage, which is specific to each LCD type. The applied LCD voltage must alternately provide zero DC to ensure a long LCD life. The higher the multiplexing rate, the lower the contrast. The period of the signal must be short enough to avoid visible flicker of the display.

Each LCD segment is connected to an IO segment and a backplane that is common to all segments. The display using the S segment is driven by the S+1 MCU output line. The backplane is driven by a signal – com – controlled between 0 and VDD with a duty cycle of 50%. When the “ON” segment is selected, a signal with opposite polarity is sent to the corresponding segment pin. When the same signal com is sent to the segment pin, the segment is “off”. With the MCU, IO operates in the output mode of logic level 0 or 1.

For duplex drivers (see Figure 4), two backplanes are used instead of one. Each LCD pin is connected to two LCD segments, and each segment is connected to one of the two backplanes on the other side. Therefore, only (S/2)+2 MCU pins are needed to drive an LCD with S segments. three different voltage levels must be generated on the backplane: 0, V DD /2, and V DD. segment voltage levels are only 0 and V DD. LCD segments are invalid if the RMS voltage is below the LCD threshold voltage, and valid if the LCD RMS voltage is above the threshold voltage. Only the backplane voltage requires the intermediate voltage V DD/2. The ST62 IO pin selected as the backplane is set by software to 0 or VDD for the output mode V DD/2 level and high impedance input mode. This voltage V DD /2 is defined by two equal resistors connected externally to the IO pins. By using an MCU with a flexible IO pin configuration, only four additional resistors are required to implement a duplex LCD driver.

This application note describes the interfacing of Ampire AM-800480STMQW-TA1 display to BoraEVB and BoraXEVB. Main characteristics of this 7" TFT LCD panel are:

In case of BoraXEVB, no adapter board is needed. LCD panel is directly connected to J26 connector where PL bank 13"s signals implementing LVDS interface are routed (see page 14 of the schematics). I/O voltage of bank 13 is set to 2.5V by configuring JP25 as shown in the following table.

To implement frame buffer, a portion of main SDRAM is used. This area is allocated at runtime by linux frame buffer driver. Even if LCD is 18 bpp, each pixel is represented by 32-bit word in memory. In fact each pixel is in RGB666 format, so for each colour only the six most significant bits of the frame buffer RGB888 are used to drive the display.

(*) This signal is used to control backlight. It is usually driven by a PWM signal whose duty cycle is proportional to backlight intensity. For the sake of simplicity, in this project this signal is driven by a GPIO, thus only two intensity levels are supported (0% and 100%). This is a CMOS 2.5V level signal. Make sure that voltage levels of this signal are compatible with LCD backlight input.

(*) This signal is used to control backlight. It is usually driven by a PWM signal whose duty cycle is proportional to backlight intensity. For the sake of simplicity, in this project this signal is driven by a GPIO, thus only two intensity levels are supported (0% and 100%). This is a CMOS 2.5V level signal. Make sure that voltage levels of this signal are compatible with LCD backlight input.

UDOO board => setenv mmcargs setenv bootargs console=${console},${baudrate} root=${mmcroot} ${hdmi_patch} fbmem=24M video=mxcfb0:dev=ldb,LDB-WXGA,if=RGB24,bpp=32