liquid retina lcd panel pricelist

There are two versions of the new MacBook Pro and we"ve got the 16-inch version, although the 14-inch model"s display is very similar just smaller and with a different resolution. Apple calls this particular display a "Liquid Retina XDR display" which is typical Apple marketing speak. If I translate this into what Apple actually means, they are giving you a high resolution full array local dimming mini-LED LCD with true HDR functionality.

If we dive deeper into the specs, the 16.2-inch panel has a resolution of 3456 x 2234 which continues Apple"s tradition of using non-standard resolutions across their line-up. Apple doesn"t disclose the exact technology used here, but it"s an LCD panel which appears to be IPS-like in design. The backlight has 10,000 mini-LEDs for impressive zone density at this size, allowing for a contrast ratio of 1,000,000:1 and peak brightness up to 1,600 nits in the HDR mode on paper.

As for refresh rate, Apple are offering up to 120Hz with adaptive sync, which they"ve rebranded into "ProMotion" although this sort of functionality has been available for many years now in other laptops and displays. The combination of everything though is a first, and the only rivals to this sort of panel are the latest wave of 4K OLED panels seen in a few high-end Windows laptops.

I don"t want to dwell on the notch too much as in practice using the laptop it"s not that big of a deal. Let"s take a look at how the Liquid Retina XDR display actually performs and I"m going to start here with some color performance results because I think these are most relevant to a creator-focused display like this. I"ll get to talking about response performance later.

This performance also destroys basically any other LCD based monitor I"ve looked at before. On the standalone monitor side, it"s virtually unheard of right now to see LCD zone counts higher than a couple of thousand. This limits worse case contrast to around 12,000:1 in the case of the 2,000-zone Samsung Odyssey Neo G9 with VA technology, or just 4,000:1 in a checkerboard test.

Apple choosing to use 5-10x the zone count massively improves the achievable contrast ratio in tricky situations and I"d say this amount of zones - and the density of zones - is what is required as a minimum for the best HDR experience with an LCD panel. Even Apple"s own ridiculously overpriced Pro Display XDR doesn"t compare as it has a paltry 576-zone backlight and it was criticized at launch for poor blooming compared to professional level HDR mastering displays. The MacBook Pro"s display will be far better for producing HDR content, aside from the small size.

So from one perspective it"s easily one of the best LCD-based HDR experiences I"ve seen, but on the other hand it isn"t a self-lit panel like an OLED which is completely free of blooming and in some situations OLED still delivers better HDR. Of course, OLEDs have other drawbacks such as lower brightness levels and the risk of burn in so I can understand why Apple would opt for LCD instead. Besides this one complaint though the HDR experience is excellent, especially for a laptop.

Unfortunately there is a major drawback to the Liquid Retina XDR display used on the new MacBook Pros, and that"s the motion performance. While it"s nice to see Apple upgrade the refresh rate to 120Hz compared to the 60Hz they were using previously, the display being used here doesn"t have the appropriate level of response times to keep up with that 120Hz refresh rate. The panel is actually very, very slow, which is a disappointment.

This is exacerbated by using a combination of IPS-like LCD technology, and an always-active mini-LED backlight, noting that both the LCD layer and mini-LED need to change to transition fully.

Luckily full transition fall times aren"t as horrific, though still reasonably poor at over 15ms even with our very generous 20% tolerance. The real transition time is more like 35ms, so less than half that of the rise time, but far slower than most other LCDs out there. The best laptop grade OLED panels can perform these transitions in under 2ms with the same test conditions, making them an order of magnitude faster.

I tested a few more transitions of varying degrees and typically the MacBook Pro would fall between 20 and 40ms, though luckily there is no overshoot to speak of. When viewing UFO test results, you can see the product of these horrific response times: a substantial blur trail behind moving objects. Even though the panel can feel somewhat smooth to use because it has a moderate refresh rate of 120Hz, the actual clarity in motion is terrible and this impacts the usefulness of the higher refresh rate.

Right next the MacBook Pro we have the Aero 15 OLED"s panel which has half the refresh rate at just 60Hz, but massively faster response times. You"ll see here that even though the MacBook Pro"s display is twice as fast in refresh rate, the extremely slow response behavior limits motion clarity to more like a 60Hz monitor or worse. The level of smearing is insane and I"m not sure how a modern LCD could end up this slow, Apple really should have experimented with some sort of overdrive.

There is no doubt that the MacBook Pro"s Liquid Retina XDR display is excellent for content creation. It has perfect P3 color gamut coverage and outstanding factory calibration, with particular attention to detail paid to multiple color specifications for mastering.

The Liquid Retina XDR display has impressive HDR specifications and performance. A mini-LED backlight zone count of 10,000 is the star of the show in this respect, significantly reducing blooming compared to other LCD-based HDR monitors, and providing exceptionally high brightness. The level of performance is good enough for both enthusiast level mastering and HDR playback, so the MacBook Pro is a great device for video editing on the go when you also factor in its overall performance.

A few nitpicks aside, the major downside to the display is motion performance. This display is exceptionally slow even for an LCD, despite packing a 120Hz refresh rate. This affects areas including web browsing and any work with text as you scroll through content, and blur trails can be visible across a wide range of use cases, not just gaming. It"s not bad enough to negate the benefits you get elsewhere, but Apple needs to put a lot of work into optimizing how quickly their panels transition. I also feel the lack of HDMI 2.1 on the MacBook Pro is a bit puzzling, going HDMI 2.0 for external monitors (in addition to Thunderbolt) is a bit annoying.

The only real competition right now are OLED panels, which come with their own set of strengths and weaknesses. There are a few other mini-LED laptop options on the Windows side, like the screen you get in the Acer Predator Helios 500, but that display only has 512 zones, not the 10,000 on offer here. So it"s a battle between the MacBook and the OLEDs you see in products like the Gigabyte Aero 15 OLED.

The reasons to get an OLED display over this LCD would be in terms of its self-lit pure HDR experience with zero blooming, significantly faster response times for better motion clarity, and wider color gamut allowing for accurate work in the Adobe RGB color space as well as P3 and Rec.709. However, the drawbacks are also significant, including a 60Hz refresh rate limitation with current 4K offerings, the risk of permanent burn in, and significantly lower brightness. Actual implementations we"ve seen also lack the calibration Apple is offering.

On the balance of things, I"d prefer to get the Liquid Retina XDR in the new MacBook Pro than an OLED, especially for color-accurate content creation, and the HDR experience is close enough to OLED that I can forgive very minor blooming on occasion. I wouldn"t say Apple is miles in front with this screen, but it"s certainly very impressive and calling it the best display for production work is justified.

Speaking about display, the iPhone XR is the only variant that come with LCD type of screen, unlike OLED used on the upper tiered XS and XS Max. Apple says the iPhone XR screen is a Liquid Retina display and goes on to call it the most advanced LCD ever in a smartphone. But why would Apple say so? Let’s take a peek at some features of the Liquid Retina display.

Packing a total of 1.4 million pixels, the iPhone XR Liquid Retina display is a 6.1-inch panel with a 1792 x 828 resolution and 326 ppi display density. While you might not get the picture on paper, real-world, this translates into a bigger (and better) screen than the iPhone 8 Plus LCD panel, fitted in an even smaller body.

Another interesting addition to the Liquid Retina display that makes it the most advanced LCD ever in a smartphone is the “120Hz touch sensing” feature. Not to be confused with ‘120Hz refresh rate” which allows for smooth display touching, “touch sensing” has to do with screen responsiveness. Thanks to the 120Hz touch sensing on the iPhone XR’s Liquid Retina display, response to touch is twice better and faster than that of the iPhone X.

Moving on to display quality, the Liquid Retina display, according to Apple, is the “most color-accurate” LCD panel in the industry. Using what Apple calls ‘True Tone technology’, a six-channel light sensor to match onscreen white balance to the color temperature of light around you. This translates into brighter whites, and inkier blacks; makes colours look and appear more natural on the display.

Another standout side to Apple’s Liquid Retina display is the “Haptic Touch” feature. This is more of a replacement to the 3D Touch found on the iPhone XS, XS Max, and some earlier iPhone models. With haptic Touch, users can press the iPhone’s display harder for different types of selection options. Haptic Touch is an interesting feature and some sources even believe that it is way better and more useful than 3D Touch.

Other features of Apple’s Liquid Retina display include ‘tap-to-wake’ support and wide color gamut. Albeit tap-to-wake isn’t an entirely new or unique feature, it only brings Apple up to speed with Android.

Conclusively, for now-obvious reasons, the Liquid Retina display can be safely and truly said to be the most advanced LCD screen panel — wide color gamut which Apple says is laced withbest-in-class color management, tap to wake support, 120Hz touch-sensing for top-of-the-line responsiveness, True Tone technology for natural colours, and Apple’s iOS advanced color management system that automatically displays content in wide color.

For now, only the iPhone XR sports the Liquid Retina display. It is the cheapest iPhone 2018 model and comes in three different storage options. The 64GB iPhone XR will sell for $749, 128GB  will retail at $799, while the 256GB variant will cost $899.

To learn a little more about what it took to build the Liquid Retina XDR screen, Engadget spoke to Vincent Gu, a senior engineering manager for Apple displays, and iPad marketing spokesperson Scott Broderick, who was quick to claim it is "the absolute best display we could put in the 12.9-inch iPad Pro,” Broderick said.

But first, we should break down that name. As I mentioned in our iPad Pro review, the “liquid” bit refers to the fact that this is actually an LCD screen, which — unlike the OLED displays found in newer iPhones and other high-end mobile devices — relies on a bevy of small backlights to actually make the screen visible. “Retina” is a bit of classic Apple marketing fluff, which the company has used to refer to its mobile displays since the days of the iPhone 4. And the “XDR” part isn"t just meant to evoke images of Apple"s expensive, high-end monitors — it refers to the display"s "extreme" dynamic range.

The idea is pretty simple: by making those light sources smaller, Apple could fit more of them behind the rest of the LCD panel"s many layers, allowing for more precise control over what parts of the screen are lit up in any given moment. It’s a pretty standard concept in the TV world, with TCL, Samsung, and LG each with their own confusingly branded version. For what it’s worth, though, Apple insists that its own mini-LED backlighting system was designed completely in-house.

“The mini LEDs we put into Liquid Retina XDR is a truly custom-designed, Apple-proprietary technology,” said Gu, who noted that they were more than a hundred times smaller than those used in last year’s iPad Pro. To no one’s surprise, carefully arranging those thousands of LEDs was a crucial hurdle, one Apple only managed to clear thanks to engineers who custom-designed manufacturing equipment and created their own special solder.

“We had to deliver specific equipment to be able to put these over 10,000 mini LEDs into place with such precision that didn’t exist prior to us,” said iPad spokesperson Broderick. (That said, Apple declined to tell us exactly how small each individual mini LED measures, or how long it takes to produce a single Liquid Retina XDR screen.)

Beyond the lighting system, Gu also said the switch to mini LEDs required Apple to re-engineer core components of its display stack, including the optical films and diffusers that help control the flow of light and distribute it evenly across the entire panel. And then, Apple’s design and manufacturing engineers had to take that new, physically larger screen package and bake it into a kind of device that has been synonymous with portability. In other words, the whole process was... sort of a pain.

It"s a good thing for the company"s engineers, then, that the mini-LED screen is said to remain a key part of the iPad Pro experience for a while. But that"s not to say other changes aren"t in the offing. Apple analyst Ming-Chi Kuo suggested in a recent note that Apple could shift to using OLED displays — which are known for their deep blacks and extremely vivid colors — in the iPad Air as early as next year. (For what it"s worth, Broderick and Gu wouldn"t confirm whether Apple had contemplated using OLED panels in the iPad Pro)

13.3" Retina Display w/Touch Bar / Apple M2 with 8-core CPU and 10-core GPU / 8GB unified memory / 256GB SSD / Large Force Touch trackpad / Two Thunderbolt/USB 4 (Type-C) ports / Headphone jack / 17-hour battery (web use) / 3.0 lbsSilvercolor

13.3" Retina Display w/Touch Bar / Apple M2 with 8-core CPU and 10-core GPU / 8GB unified memory / 256GB SSD / Large Force Touch trackpad / Two Thunderbolt/USB 4 (Type-C) ports / Headphone jack / 17-hour battery (web use) / 3.0 lbsSpace Graycolor

13.3" Retina Display w/Touch Bar / Apple M2 with 8-core CPU and 10-core GPU / 16GB unified memory / 256GB SSD / Large Force Touch trackpad / Two Thunderbolt/USB 4 (Type-C) ports / Headphone jack / 17-hour battery (web use) / 3.0 lbsSilvercolor

13.3" Retina Display w/Touch Bar / Apple M2 with 8-core CPU and 10-core GPU / 16GB unified memory / 256GB SSD / Large Force Touch trackpad / Two Thunderbolt/USB 4 (Type-C) ports / Headphone jack / 17-hour battery (web use) / 3.0 lbsSpace Graycolor

13.3" Retina Display w/Touch Bar / Apple M2 with 8-core CPU and 10-core GPU / 8GB unified memory / 512GB SSD / Large Force Touch trackpad / Two Thunderbolt/USB 4 (Type-C) ports / Headphone jack / 17-hour battery (web use) / 3.0 lbsSilvercolor

13.3" Retina Display w/Touch Bar / Apple M2 with 8-core CPU and 10-core GPU / 8GB unified memory / 512GB SSD / Large Force Touch trackpad / Two Thunderbolt/USB 4 (Type-C) ports / Headphone jack / 17-hour battery (web use) / 3.0 lbsSpace Graycolor

13.3" Retina Display w/Touch Bar / Apple M2 with 8-core CPU and 10-core GPU / 16GB unified memory / 512GB SSD / Large Force Touch trackpad / Two Thunderbolt/USB 4 (Type-C) ports / Headphone jack / 17-hour battery (web use) / 3.0 lbsSilvercolor

13.3" Retina Display w/Touch Bar / Apple M2 with 8-core CPU and 10-core GPU / 16GB unified memory / 512GB SSD / Large Force Touch trackpad / Two Thunderbolt/USB 4 (Type-C) ports / Headphone jack / 17-hour battery (web use) / 3.0 lbsSpace Graycolor

13.3" Retina Display w/Touch Bar / Apple M2 with 8-core CPU and 10-core GPU / 16GB unified memory / 1TB SSD / Large Force Touch trackpad / Two Thunderbolt/USB 4 (Type-C) ports / Headphone jack / 17-hour battery (web use) / 3.0 lbsSilvercolor

13.3" Retina Display w/Touch Bar / Apple M2 with 8-core CPU and 10-core GPU / 16GB unified memory / 1TB SSD / Large Force Touch trackpad / Two Thunderbolt/USB 4 (Type-C) ports / Headphone jack / 17-hour battery (web use) / 3.0 lbsSpace Graycolor

14.2" Liquid Retina XDR Display with ProMotion / Apple M2 Pro with 10-core CPU and 16-core GPU / 16GB unified memory / 512GB SSD / Large Force Touch trackpad / Three Thunderbolt/USB 4 (Type-C) ports / HDMI port / SD card reader / Headphone jack / 12-hour battery (web use) / 3.5 lbsSpace Graycolor- *New Model*

14.2" Liquid Retina XDR Display with ProMotion / Apple M2 Pro with 10-core CPU and 16-core GPU / 16GB unified memory / 512GB SSD / Large Force Touch trackpad / Three Thunderbolt/USB 4 (Type-C) ports / HDMI port / SD card reader / Headphone jack / 12-hour battery (web use) / 3.5 lbsSilvercolor- *New Model*

14.2" Liquid Retina XDR Display with ProMotion / Apple M2 Pro with 12-core CPU and 19-core GPU / 16GB unified memory / 1TB SSD / Large Force Touch trackpad / Three Thunderbolt/USB 4 (Type-C) ports / HDMI port / SD card reader / Headphone jack / 12-hour battery (web use) / 3.5 lbsSpace Graycolor- *New Model*

14.2" Liquid Retina XDR Display with ProMotion / Apple M2 Pro with 12-core CPU and 19-core GPU / 16GB unified memory / 1TB SSD / Large Force Touch trackpad / Three Thunderbolt/USB 4 (Type-C) ports / HDMI port / SD card reader / Headphone jack / 12-hour battery (web use) / 3.5 lbsSilvercolor- *New Model*

14.2" Liquid Retina XDR Display with ProMotion / Apple M2 Max with 12-core CPU and 30-core GPU / 32GB unified memory / 1TB SSD / Large Force Touch trackpad / Three Thunderbolt/USB 4 (Type-C) ports / HDMI port / SD card reader / Headphone jack / 12-hour battery (web use) / 3.5 lbsSpace Graycolor- *New Model*

14.2" Liquid Retina XDR Display with ProMotion / Apple M2 Max with 12-core CPU and 30-core GPU / 32GB unified memory / 1TB SSD / Large Force Touch trackpad / Three Thunderbolt/USB 4 (Type-C) ports / HDMI port / SD card reader / Headphone jack / 12-hour battery (web use) / 3.5 lbsSilvercolor- *New Model*

16.2" Liquid Retina XDR Display with ProMotion / Apple M2 Pro with 12-core CPU and 19-core GPU / 16GB unified memory / 512GB SSD / Large Force Touch trackpad / Three Thunderbolt/USB 4 (Type-C) ports / HDMI port / SD card reader / Headphone jack / 15-hour battery (web use) / 4.8 lbsSpace Graycolor- *New Model*

16.2" Liquid Retina XDR Display with ProMotion / Apple M2 Pro with 12-core CPU and 19-core GPU / 16GB unified memory / 512GB SSD / Large Force Touch trackpad / Three Thunderbolt/USB 4 (Type-C) ports / HDMI port / SD card reader / Headphone jack / 15-hour battery (web use) / 4.8 lbsSilvercolor- *New Model*

16.2" Liquid Retina XDR Display with ProMotion / Apple M2 Pro with 12-core CPU and 19-core GPU / 16GB unified memory / 1TB SSD / Large Force Touch trackpad / Three Thunderbolt/USB 4 (Type-C) ports / HDMI port / SD card reader / Headphone jack / 15-hour battery (web use) / 4.8 lbsSpace Graycolor- *New Model*

16.2" Liquid Retina XDR Display with ProMotion / Apple M2 Pro with 12-core CPU and 19-core GPU / 16GB unified memory / 1TB SSD / Large Force Touch trackpad / Three Thunderbolt/USB 4 (Type-C) ports / HDMI port / SD card reader / Headphone jack / 15-hour battery (web use) / 4.8 lbsSilvercolor- *New Model*

16.2" Liquid Retina XDR Display with ProMotion / Apple M2 Max with 12-core CPU and 38-core GPU / 32GB unified memory / 1TB SSD / Large Force Touch trackpad / Three Thunderbolt/USB 4 (Type-C) ports / HDMI port / SD card reader / Headphone jack / 15-hour battery (web use) / 4.8 lbsSpace Graycolor- *New Model*

16.2" Liquid Retina XDR Display with ProMotion / Apple M2 Max with 12-core CPU and 38-core GPU / 32GB unified memory / 1TB SSD / Large Force Touch trackpad / Three Thunderbolt/USB 4 (Type-C) ports / HDMI port / SD card reader / Headphone jack / 15-hour battery (web use) / 4.8 lbsSilvercolor- *New Model*

14.2" Liquid Retina XDR Display with ProMotion / Apple M1 Pro with 8-core CPU and 14-core GPU / 16GB unified memory / 512GB SSD / Large Force Touch trackpad / Three Thunderbolt/USB 4 (Type-C) ports / HDMI port / SD card reader / Headphone jack / 11-hour battery (web use) / 3.5 lbsSpace GraycolorPrevious Model

14.2" Liquid Retina XDR Display with ProMotion / Apple M1 Pro with 8-core CPU and 14-core GPU / 16GB unified memory / 512GB SSD / Large Force Touch trackpad / Three Thunderbolt/USB 4 (Type-C) ports / HDMI port / SD card reader / Headphone jack / 11-hour battery (web use) / 3.5 lbsSilvercolorPrevious Model

14.2" Liquid Retina XDR Display with ProMotion / Apple M1 Pro with 10-core CPU and 16-core GPU / 16GB unified memory / 1TB SSD / Large Force Touch trackpad / Three Thunderbolt/USB 4 (Type-C) ports / HDMI port / SD card reader / Headphone jack / 11-hour battery (web use) / 3.5 lbsSpace GraycolorPrevious Model

16.2" Liquid Retina XDR Display with ProMotion / Apple M1 Pro with 10-core CPU and 16-core GPU / 16GB unified memory / 512GB SSD / Large Force Touch trackpad / Three Thunderbolt/USB 4 (Type-C) ports / HDMI port / SD card reader / Headphone jack / 14-hour battery (web use) / 4.8 lbsSpace GraycolorPrevious Model

16.2" Liquid Retina XDR Display with ProMotion / Apple M1 Pro with 10-core CPU and 16-core GPU / 16GB unified memory / 512GB SSD / Large Force Touch trackpad / Three Thunderbolt/USB 4 (Type-C) ports / HDMI port / SD card reader / Headphone jack / 14-hour battery (web use) / 4.8 lbsSilvercolorPrevious Model

16.2" Liquid Retina XDR Display with ProMotion / Apple M1 Pro with 10-core CPU and 16-core GPU / 32GB unified memory / 512GB SSD / Large Force Touch trackpad / Three Thunderbolt/USB 4 (Type-C) ports / HDMI port / SD card reader / Headphone jack / 14-hour battery (web use) / 4.8 lbsSpace GraycolorPrevious Model

16.2" Liquid Retina XDR Display with ProMotion / Apple M1 Pro with 10-core CPU and 16-core GPU / 32GB unified memory / 512GB SSD / Large Force Touch trackpad / Three Thunderbolt/USB 4 (Type-C) ports / HDMI port / SD card reader / Headphone jack / 14-hour battery (web use) / 4.8 lbsSilvercolorPrevious Model

16.2" Liquid Retina XDR Display with ProMotion / Apple M1 Pro with 10-core CPU and 16-core GPU / 16GB unified memory / 1TB SSD / Large Force Touch trackpad / Three Thunderbolt/USB 4 (Type-C) ports / HDMI port / SD card reader / Headphone jack / 14-hour battery (web use) / 4.8 lbsSpace GraycolorPrevious Model

16.2" Liquid Retina XDR Display with ProMotion / Apple M1 Pro with 10-core CPU and 16-core GPU / 16GB unified memory / 1TB SSD / Large Force Touch trackpad / Three Thunderbolt/USB 4 (Type-C) ports / HDMI port / SD card reader / Headphone jack / 14-hour battery (web use) / 4.8 lbsSilvercolorPrevious Model

16.2" Liquid Retina XDR Display with ProMotion / Apple M1 Pro with 10-core CPU and 16-core GPU / 32GB unified memory / 1TB SSD / Large Force Touch trackpad / Three Thunderbolt/USB 4 (Type-C) ports / HDMI port / SD card reader / Headphone jack / 14-hour battery (web use) / 4.8 lbsSilvercolorPrevious Model

Apple"s update to the 12.9-inch iPad Pro for 2021 introduces a new mini LED Liquid Retina XDR display, taking display technology used in the Pro Display XDR and shrinking it down into Apple"s most powerful tablet to date.

Launched during the Spring Loaded special event, Apple"s 12.9-inch iPad Pro differs itself from the 11-inch update with the use of a new display, which Apple refers to as Liquid Retina XDR. For this iteration, Apple is using mini LED technology.

With the introduction of Liquid Retina XDR display technology on MacBook Pro, Apple is now able to offer professional users options to create and use reference modes customized for specific color workflows.

Apple"s redesigned 14- and 16-inch MacBook Pro models are the first to boast Liquid Retina XDR displays, hardware that opens the door to capabilities previously reserved for the pricey Pro Display XDR.

Featuring mini-LED backlighting and Apple"s typical color-accurate panels, MacBook Pro"s display is capable of rendering HDR content with particularly high brightness and contrast ratios. ProMotion technology adds dynamically variable refresh rates up to 120Hz for smooth scrolling and fluid graphics. While the company"s marketing material notes that video editors can select from a fixed refresh rate to match their footage, not much has been said about the laptop"s color reproduction options.

Apple launched the redesigned 14- and 16-inch MacBook Pro models last week. Along with Liquid Retina XDR displays, the laptops feature powerful and efficient Apple Silicon chips, an assortment of ports, a 1080p camera, an improved keyboard with function keys, MagSafe 3, audio enhancements and more.

For its displays, Apple uses the term Retina as a brand identifier for display pixel density. Apple uses modifiers with the Retina term to differentiate the different levels of pixel density (pixel per inch or ppi). As you probably expect, the more modifiers used the “fancier” the display. Apple’s specs for Retina is somewhat fluid, but it means the pixels on the screen aren’t visible when held at a normal viewing distance. So the iPads’ ppi is much lower than the iPhone’s. In order of least dense to most dense, these are the Retina terms used for the iPad lineup:

ModelSize (diagonal)ResolutionBacklightBrightnessColor spaceProMotionFully laminatedAntireflective coatingiPad (9th gen)10.2 inchesRetina 2160-by-1620-pixel resolution, 264 pixels per inchLED500 nitssRGBNoNoNo

iPad Pro 12.9-inch12.9 inchesLiquid Retina XDR 2732-by-2048-pixel resolution, 264 pixels per inchmini-LED600 nits XDR: 1,000 nits full screen, 1,600 nits peakP3YesYesYes

This newly-released iPad has a Liquid Retina screen that’s bright and beautiful. While there are some setbacks in the form of the tablet only supporting the first-generation Apple Pencil and a non-lamented design, this iPad is more flexible than its predecessor with external display support. Combine this with a starting price point of $449 and the 10th-generation iPad begins to look like a serious contender for mobile work and presentations.

The iPad Air looks like it has the exact same display as the 10th-gen iPad, but it brings features aimed at more demanding users. The attractive Liquid Retina display is full laminated so it’s thinner and more responsive, and the display supports P3 color, both significant upgrades from the 10th-gen iPad.

The iPad mini offers an excellent, bright, beautiful, and clear Liquid Retina display with rounded corners that look great but slightly eat into viewing area. The mini also handles a single external display, but with a starting price of $499, it’s a small yet powerful tablet worth your consideration.

With the 11-inch iPad Pro starting at $799, we’re into the high-end of the iPad spectrum. The iPad Pro’s Liquid Retina display is a bit brighter than any of the non-Pro iPads at 600 nits. The P3 color space used by the iPad Pro is the one preferred by the film industry, and along with its support for ProMotion (adaptive high refresh rate), this iPad has one of the best tablet displays anywhere.

Apple’s top-of-the-line iPad starts at $1,099 and its Liquid Retina XDR display is impressive in every way. The 12.9-inch iPad Pro is the only iPad to support high-dynamic range (HDR) video and also the only with the ability to work in Reference Mode and reach the 1,000 nits of maximum brightness. Like the 11-inch model, it supports the P3 color space and ProMotion, and is a fantastic option for anyone who makes or watches a lot of videos.

Retina Display is a brand name used by Apple for its series of IPS LCD and OLED displays that have a higher pixel density than traditional Apple displays.trademark with regard to computers and mobile devices with the United States Patent and Trademark Office and Canadian Intellectual Property Office.

The Retina display debuted in 2010 with the iPhone 4 and the iPod Touch (4th Generation), and later the iPad (3rd generation) where each screen pixel of the iPhone 3GS, iPod touch (3rd generation), iPad 2 was replaced by four smaller pixels, and the user interface scaled up to fill in the extra pixels. Apple calls this mode HiDPI mode. In simpler words, it is one logical pixel = four physical pixels. The scale factor is tripled for devices with even higher pixel densities, such as the iPhone 6 Plus and iPhone X.

The Retina display has since expanded to most Apple product lines, such as Apple Watch, iPhone, iPod Touch, iPad, iPad Mini, iPad Air, iPad Pro, MacBook, MacBook Air, MacBook Pro, iMac, and Pro Display XDR, some of which have never had a comparable non-Retina display.marketing terms to differentiate between its LCD and OLED displays having various resolutions, contrast levels, color reproduction, or refresh rates. It is known as Liquid Retina display for the iPhone XR, iPad Air 4th Generation, iPad Mini 6th Generation, iPad Pro 3rd Generation and later versions,Retina 4.5K display for the iMac.

Apple"s Retina displays are not an absolute standard for display sharpness, but vary depending on the size of the display on the device, and at what distance the user would typically be viewing the screen. Where on smaller devices with smaller displays users would view the screen at a closer distance to their eyes, the displays have more PPI (Pixels Per Inch), while on larger devices with larger displays where the user views the screen further away, the screen uses a lower PPI value. Later device versions have had additional improvements, whether an increase in the screen size (the iPhone 12 Pro Max), contrast ratio (the 12.9” iPad Pro 5th Generation, and iMac with Retina 4.5K display), and/or, more recently, PPI count (OLED iPhones); as a result, Apple uses the names “Retina HD display", "Retina 4K/5K display", “Retina 4.5K display", "Super Retina HD display", “Super Retina XDR display”, and "Liquid Retina display" for each successive version.

When introducing the iPhone 4, Steve Jobs said the number of pixels needed for a Retina display is about 300 PPI for a device held 10 to 12 inches from the eye.skinny triangle with a height equal to the viewing distance and a top angle of one degree will have a base on the device"s screen that covers 57 pixels. Any display"s viewing quality (from phone displays to huge projectors) can be described with this size-independent universal parameter. Note that the PPD parameter is not an intrinsic parameter of the display itself, unlike absolute pixel resolution (e.g. 1920×1080 pixels) or relative pixel density (e.g. 401 PPI), but is dependent on the distance between the display and the eye of the person (or lens of the device) viewing the display; moving the eye closer to the display reduces the PPD, and moving away from it increases the PPD in proportion to the distance.

In practice, thus far Apple has converted a device"s display to Retina by doubling the number of pixels in each direction, quadrupling the total resolution. This increase creates a sharper interface at the same physical dimensions. The sole exception to this has been the iPhone 6 Plus, 6S Plus, 7 Plus, and 8 Plus, which renders its display at triple the number of pixels in each direction, before down-sampling to a 1080p resolution.

The displays are manufactured worldwide by different suppliers. Currently, the iPad"s display comes from Samsung,LG DisplayJapan Display Inc.twisted nematic (TN) liquid-crystal displays (LCDs) to in-plane switching (IPS) LCDs starting with the iPhone 4 models in June 2010.

Apple markets the following devices as having a Retina display, Retina HD display, Liquid Retina display, Liquid Retina XDR display, Super Retina HD display, Super Retina XDR display or Retina 4K/5K/6K display:

Reviews of Apple devices with Retina displays have generally been positive on technical grounds, with comments describing it as a considerable improvement on earlier screens and praising Apple for driving third-party application support for high-resolution displays more effectively than on Windows.T220 and T221 had been sold in the past, they had seen little take-up due to their cost of around $8400.

Writer John Gruber suggested that the arrival of Retina displays on computers would trigger a need to redesign interfaces and designs for the new displays:

The sort of rich, data-dense information design espoused by Edward Tufte can now not only be made on the computer screen but also enjoyed on one. Regarding font choices, you not only need not choose a font optimized for rendering on screen, but should not. Fonts optimized for screen rendering look cheap on the retina MacBook Pro—sometimes downright cheesy—in the same way they do when printed in a glossy magazine.

Raymond Soneira, president of DisplayMate Technologies, has challenged Apple"s claim. He says that the physiology of the human retina is such that there must be at least 477 pixels per inch in a pixelated display for the pixels to become imperceptible to the human eye at a distance of 12 inches (305 mm).Phil Plait notes, however, that, "if you have [better than 20/20] eyesight, then at one foot away the iPhone 4S"s pixels are resolved. The picture will look pixelated. If you have average eyesight [20/20 vision], the picture will look just fine... So in my opinion, what Jobs said was fine. Soneira, while technically correct, was being picky."

Apple fan website CultOfMac hosts an article by John Brownlee"Apple"s Retina Displays are only about 33% of the way there."visual acuity in the population saying "most research suggests that normal vision is actually much better than 20/20" when in truth the majority have worse than 20/20 vision,WHO considers average vision as 20/40.presbyopia

The first smartphone following the iPhone 4 to ship with a display of a comparable pixel density was the Nokia E6, running Symbian Anna, with a resolution of 640 × 480 at a screen size of 62.5mm. This was an isolated case for the platform however, as all other Symbian-based devices had larger displays with lower resolutions. Some older Symbian smartphones, including the Nokia N80 and N90, featured a 2.1 inch display at 259 ppi, which was one of the sharpest at the time. The first Android smartphones with the same display - Meizu M9 was launched a few months later in beginning of 2011. In October of the same year Galaxy Nexus was announced, which had a display with a better resolution. By 2013 the 300+ ppimark was found on midrange phones such as the Moto G.Samsung Galaxy S4 and HTC One (M8) had 1080p (FHD) screens around 5-inches for a 400+ PPI which surpassed the Retina density on the iPhone 5. The second major redesign of the iPhone, the iPhone 6, has a 1334 × 750 resolution on a 4.7-inch screen, while rivals such as the Samsung Galaxy S6 have a QHD display of 2560 × 1440 resolution, close to four times the number of pixels found in the iPhone 6, giving the S6 a 577 PPI that is almost twice that of the iPhone 6"s 326 PPI.

The larger iPhone 6 Plus features a "Retina HD display", which is a 5.5-inch 1080p screen with 401 PPI. Aside from resolution, all generations of iPhone Retina displays receive high ratings for other aspects such as brightness and color accuracy, compared to those of contemporary smartphones, while some Android devices such as the LG G3 have sacrificed screen quality and battery life for high resolution. Ars Technica suggested the "superfluousness of so many flagship phone features—the move from 720p to 1080p to 1440p and beyond...things are all nice to have, but you’d be hard-pressed to argue that any of them are essential".

OLED technology has found its way into consumer tech products more and more in recent years. If you were to walk into Best Buy right now, there"s a good chance any given smartphone or TV you pick up would have an OLED display. But what is it, and is it better than LCD?

While the iPhone XR and iPhone 11 offer the same 6.1-inch Liquid Retina HD display, the iPhone SE flaunts a smaller 4.7-inch Retina HD display. The iPhone SE also comes with a LCD IPS panel and has a resolution 1334x750 pixels at 326 ppi pixel density. There is a fingerprint-resistant oleophobic coating.