tft lcd advantages and disadvantages for sale

Responsible for performing installations and repairs (motors, starters, fuses, electrical power to machine etc.) for industrial equipment and machines in order to support the achievement of Nelson-Miller’s business goals and objectives:

• Perform highly diversified duties to install and maintain electrical apparatus on production machines and any other facility equipment (Screen Print, Punch Press, Steel Rule Die, Automated Machines, Turret, Laser Cutting Machines, etc.).

• Provide electrical emergency/unscheduled diagnostics, repairs of production equipment during production and performs scheduled electrical maintenance repairs of production equipment during machine service.

The worlds of high-end Color LCD Modules are taken over. As our world evolved and embedded devices becoming more, and more sophisticated and prevalent, we tend to look at the art of design. Steve Jobs sums it up just right. “Design is not just what it looks like and feels like. Design is how it works.” TFT LCD modules are a type of variant of an LCD which uses thin film, appliances such as: TV, computer monitors, kindles, mobile phone, and navigation system. The construction of a color LCD module or TFT LCD is quite extraordinary because of the circuit layout process; this form of layout is similar to the layout of a semiconductor product. Even though as we observe the TFT LCD display we came across few pros and cons which are most needed for this discussion. The advantages of TFT LCD are as follows: less energy consumption, visibility is sharper in other words has superb quality, physical design, response time, and less eye strain etc… With every great product there are few disadvantages associated, such as, cost and viewing angles.

TFT LCD displays are very convenient because of the energy consumption associate with this display, knowingly in today’s society saving energy is a number one priority to reduce greenhouse gas and ensure a better future generations. Due to the construction of TFT structures Pixel like materials does not consume much energy to begin with except this material consume far less power than a comparable CRT monitor. The images of a TFT display does not rely on the scanning of electron beams instead they are free from flicker and has a crisp image, with no geometric distortion. The physical design of TFT display are space savors which can be position anywhere in ones office, or house with a rotations mechanism in place for less constrains on space.

As mention before TFT LCD has few disadvantages, due to the nature of the design TFT LCD display may cost a little more than a regular monochrome display. Other disadvantages may arise when the viewing the display at the 6 0’clock direction but in fact the optimal viewing is at the 12’oclock direction this may also lead to inversion which or common in situation like this; however TFT displays are superior and will be in production for years to come.

TFT (Thin Film Transistor) LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) we are talking here is TN (Twisted Nematic) type TFT displays which is align with the term in the TV and computer market. Now, TFT displays have taken over the majority of low-end color display market. They have wide applications in TV, computer monitors, medical, appliance, automotive, kiosk, POS terminals, low end mobile phones, marine, aerospace, industrial meters, smart homes, consumer electronic products etc. For more information about TFT displays, please visit our knowledge base.

Talking about Pros and Cons of TFT displays, we need to clarify which display they are compared to. To some displays, TFT displays might have advantages, but compared with another display, the same character might become the disadvantages of TFT displays. We will try our best to make clear as below.

Less Energy Consumption: Compared with CRT(Cathode-Ray Tube) VFD ( Vacuum Fluorescent Display) and LED (Light Emitting Diode) display, which made laptop possible.

Excellent physical design. TFT displays are very easy to design and integrated with other components, such as resistive and capacitive touch panels (RTP, CTP, PCAP) etc.

Minimum Eye Strain: Because TFT panel itself doesn’t emit light itself like CRT, LED, VFD. The light source is LED backlight which is filtered well with the TFT glass in front for the blue light.

More Energy Consumption: Compared with monochrome displays and OLED (PMOLED and AMOLED) display, which makes TFT displays less attractive in wearable device.

Poor response time and viewing angle: Compared with IPS LCD displays, AMOLED displays and recent micro-LED display. TFT displays still need to note viewing angle of 6 o’clock or 12 o’clock in the datasheet and still have the gray scale inversion issue.

High tooling cost: Depending on which generation production line to produce and also depending on its size. Building a TFT display fab normally need billions of dollars. For a big size display which needs high generation production line to produce. The NRE cost can be millions dollars.

Sunlight Readability: Because it is very expensive to produce transflective TFT LCD displays, in order to be readable under the sunlight, very bright LED backlight (> 1,000 nits) has to be used. The power needed is high and also need to deal with heat management. If used together with touch panel, expensive optical bonding (OCA or OCR) and surface treatment (AR, AF) technologies have to be used.

Everyone is familiar with the TFT-LCD display screen. It is currently the most popular display product in the display industry. Its high reliability and good display effect are sure to have a wave of loyal fans. Then do you know the advantages and disadvantages of TFT-LCD display screen?

The hourly effect of the TFT-LCD display screen is very lifelike, and the color reproduction is far superior to other types of display screens. The picture presented to the user is bright in color, high in saturation, and the pure white and pure black pictures are very pure. It is very pure for professionals, one of the approved display screens.

The IPS series of the TFT-LCD display screen can reach a full viewing angle of 178 degrees, which means that no matter which angle the user views the TFT-LCD display screen from, the effect is very good.

The application of TFT-LCD display screen is very wide, used in industry, transportation, medical treatment, smart home, electric power, aviation and other fields. There must be a reason behind the widespread use. The size is complete, the interface types are many, and the development is simple. This is an important reason why the terminal chooses the TFT-LCD display screen.

Any product that is good will also have its bad aspects, and the shortcomings of the TFT-LCD display screen are reflected in the limitation of brightness. Due to its ultra-thin shape, it cannot meet the needs of ultra-high brightness. There are certain restrictions.

The display technology of TFT-LCD display screens has become mature, and the yield and production capacity of products are getting higher and higher, and the price of TFT-LCD display screens is becoming more and more affordable. These are all the reasons behind for the popularity of TFT-LCD display screens.

Shenzhen CDTech Electronics established in 2011, is a national high-tech enterprise specializing in TFT LCDs, Touch Displays, HDMI Displays and other display products.

The factory covers an area of 5,000 square meters, including thousand-level dust-free workshop area of over 1000 square meters. CDTech has industry-leading automatic production and testing equipment which can provide customers with standard and customized display and touch total solutions. Our products are widely used in Industrial Control Equipment, Medical, Smart-Home, Automotive and Vehicle Displays, Instrumentation, and other Information Terminal applications.

TFT stands for thin-film transistor, which means that each pixel in the device has a thin-film transistor attached to it. Transistors are activated by electrical currents that make contact with the pixels to produce impeccable image quality on the screen. Here are some important features of TFT displays.Excellent Colour Display.Top notch colour contrast, clarity, and brightness settings that can be adjusted to accommodate specific application requirements.Extended Half-Life.TFT displays boast a much higher half-life than their LED counterparts and they also come in a variety of size configurations that can impact the device’s half-life depending on usage and other factors.TFT displays can have either resistive or capacitive touch panels.Resistive is usually the standard because it comes at a lower price point, but you can also opt for capacitive which is compatible with most modern smartphones and other devices.TFT displays offer exceptional aspect ratio control.Aspect ratio control contributes to better image clarity and quality by mapping out the number of pixels that are in the source image compared to the resolution pixels on the screen.Monitor ghosting doesn’t occur on TFT displays.This is when a moving image or object has blurry pixels following it across the screen, resembling a ghost.

TFT displays are incredibly versatile.The offer a number of different interface options that are compatible with various devices and accommodate the technical capabilities of all users.

There are two main types of TFT LCD displays:· Twisted nematic TFT LCDs are an older model. They have limited colour options and use 6 bits per each blue, red, and green channel.

In-plane switching TFT LCDs are a newer model. Originally introduced in the 1990s by Hitachi, in-plane switching TFT LCDs consist of moving liquid pixels that move in contrast or opposite the plane of the display, rather than alongside it.

The type of TFT LCD monitor or industrial display you choose to purchase will depend on the specifications of your application or project. Here are a few important factors to consider when selecting an appropriate TFT LCD display technology:Life expectancy/battery life.Depending on the length of ongoing use and the duration of your project, you’re going to want to choose a device that can last a long time while maintaining quality usage.

Touch type and accuracy.What type of activities are you planning on using your device for? If it’s for extended outdoor use, then you should go with projected capacitive touch as this is more precise and accurate. Touch accuracy is important for industrial and commercial applications.

Image clarity.Some TFT displays feature infrared touchscreens, while others are layered. The former is preferable, especially in poor lighting conditions or for outdoor and industrial applications, because there’s no overlay and therefore no obstructions to light emittance.

The environmental conditions make a difference in operation and image clarity. When choosing a TFT for outdoor or industrial applications, be sure to choose one that can withstand various environmental elements like dust, wind, moisture, dirt, and even sunlight.

As a leading manufacturer and distributor of high-quality digital displays in North America, Nauticomp Inc. can provide custom TFT LCD monitor solutions that are suitable for a multitude of industrial and commercial indoor and outdoor applications. Contact us today to learn more.

TFT Liquid crystal display products are diversified, convenient and versatile, simple to keep up, upgrade, update, long service life, and have many alternative characteristics.

The display range covers the appliance range of all displays from one to forty inches and, therefore, the giant projection plane could be a large display terminal.

In particular, the emergence of TFT LCD electronic books and periodicals will bring humans into the era of paperless offices and paperless printing, triggering a revolution in the civilized way of human learning, dissemination, and recording.

It can be generally used in the temperature range from -20℃ to +50℃, and the temperature-hardened TFT LCD can operate at low temperatures up to -80 ℃. It can be used as a mobile terminal display or desktop terminal display and can be used as a large screen projection TV, which is a full-size video display terminal with excellent performance.

The manufacturing technology has a high degree of automation and sound characteristics of large-scale industrial production. TFT LCD industry technology is mature, with a more than 90% mass production rate.

It is an ideal combination of large-scale semiconductor integrated circuit technology and light source technology and has good potential for more development.

From the beginning of flat glass plates, its display effect is flat right angles, letting a person have a refreshing feeling. LCDs are simple to achieve high resolution on small screens.

The traditional CRT display has been developed for several decades, and its technical structure has limited its further development. Vacuum CATHODE ray tube inherent several major shortcomings cause CRT display more and more difficult to adapt to the further improvement of consumer demand for displays, at this time, flat panel display devices, the most likely to replace THE CRT display in THE PC display terminal monopoly position is the LCD display.

1. Zero radiation, low energy consumption, low heat dissipation. The principle of an LCD display is to restore the screen by twisting the deflection Angle of the liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal pixels to the background light. There is no such thing as a CRT with ultra-high pressure components inside, so as not to cause excessive X-ray emission caused by high pressure. Moreover, the machine structure circuit is simple, modularization and high integration of the chip is enough to minimize the electromagnetic radiation generated when the circuit works. This design directly reduces the power consumption of the circuit, and the calorific value is also very low.LCD displays (LCDs), while working, may produce slight electromagnetic radiation, but are easily resolved by shielding circuits.CRT displays are not allowed to leak radiation by drilling holes into the shield for heat dissipation.

2. Thin and light. It was the advent of LCD displays that made the invention of portable computers possible. Similarly, desktop LCDs, while larger in size and weight than laptops pale in comparison to the clunky CRT displays. Compared to a 15-inch display, CRT displays are typically nearly 50 centimeters deep, while the latest GREAT White shark LCD, NF-1500MA, is less than 5 centimeters deep! With the change of consumption viewpoint and living environment, people have higher and higher requirements on the volume and weight of household electrical appliances.LCD display (LCD) is the most likely display device to break the CRT display monopoly because of its thin and light nature.

3. Accurate image restoration. The LCD adopts the direct digital addressing display mode, which can directly display the video signal output from the graphics card on the LCD pixel one to one according to the “address” signal in the signal level after the AD conversion.CRT displays display images by deflecting coils that generate electromagnetic fields to control the periodic scanning of the electron beam on the screen. The absolute positioning of the electron beam on the screen cannot be achieved because the trajectory of the electron beam is easily affected by the environmental magnetic field or geomagnetic field. Therefore, CRT displays are prone to geometric distortion, linear distortion, and other phenomena that cannot be fundamentally eliminated.LCD displays do not. The LCD can present the picture perfectly on the screen without any geometric distortion or linear distortion.

4. display character sharp. The picture is stable and does not flicker. The unique display principle of LCD determines that all pixels on the screen emit light evenly, and the pixels of red, green, and blue primary colors are closely arranged. The video signal is sent directly to the back of the pixels to drive the pixel to emit light, so the convergence and poor focus inherent in traditional CRT display will not occur. As a result, the LCD text display effect compared with the traditional CRT display has a world of difference.LCD font is very sharp, no CRT display text when the font blur, font color phenomenon. Moreover, since the LCD display is always glowing after being powered on, the backlight lamp works under high frequency, and the display picture is stable but does not flicker, which is conducive to the long-term use of the computer.CRT displays emit light by repeatedly striking the phosphor with an electron beam, which causes the brightness to flicker periodically. It is easy to cause eye discomfort after using it for a long time.

5. Easy screen adjustment. The direct addressing display mode of an LCD display makes the screen adjustment of LCD display need not too much geometric adjustment and linear adjustment as well as the position adjustment of display content. The LCD screen can be easily adjusted to the optimal position automatically after chip calculation, in this step you just need to press the “Auto” button to complete. Eliminates the cumbersome tuning of CRT displays. You just need to manually adjust the brightness and contrast of the screen to make the machine work at its best.

These natural advantages of LCD displays (LCDs) pose enough of a threat to CRT displays. The only regret is that LCDs are still relatively expensive due to the cost of making them.

Now on the market has a lot of low-priced 14 and 15 inch LCD sales, many businesses will also boost to the sky, LCD, admittedly, LCD has a lot of very clear a bit, just because of various reasons, the current sale low price of liquid crystal are belong to the inside of the LCD products “low-end”, itself has many inherent shortcomings, let’s analyze in detail exactly what are the disadvantages of the LCD display.

Although said to be low price, but he CRT compares, the price of the LCD display is in monitor family it may be said “noble price”, it is 15 inches only 3000 yuan, and the flat display of the same size also does not cross 1000 yuan or so. Experts say the high quality of LCD screens is mainly due to the low yield rate in the manufacturing process, resulting in the cost cannot being reduced. At present, only Some manufacturers in Japan and Taiwan are able to produce LCD screens, the technology has not completely spread, there has not been a competitive situation of mass production, and the quality is also very different. In the international market, the price difference between different grades can be as much as tens to hundreds of dollars.

Digital interfaces for LCD displays (LCDs) are lonely at the top. Theoretically speaking, LCD display is pure digital equipment, and the connection of the computer host should also be to use digital interface, the advantage of using a digital interface is self-evident. Firstly, signal loss and interference can be reduced in the process of analog-to-digital conversion. Reduce the corresponding conversion circuits and components; Secondly, there is no need to adjust the clock frequency and vector.

However, most of the low-priced LCDs on the market use analog interfaces, which have problems such as vulnerable signal transmission interference, the need to add analog-to-digital conversion circuits inside the display, and the inability to upgrade to digital interfaces. Moreover, in order to avoid the occurrence of pixel flicker, the clock frequency, vector, and analog signal must be completely consistent.

In addition, LCD digital interfaces have not yet been standardized, and display CARDS with digital output are rare on the market. Come so, the key advantage of the LCD display is brought into full play hard, however. For now, the result of early consumption is a costly display.

Early LCDs had a visual deflection Angle of only 90 degrees and could only be viewed from the front, with greater brightness and color distortion when viewed from the side.LCD displays now on the market typically have a visual deflection Angle of about 140 degrees, which is enough for personal use, but if several people are watching at the same time, the problem of distortion becomes apparent.

Response time is a special indicator of LCD. The response time of the LCD display refers to the response speed of each pixel of the display to the input signal. If the response time is short, there will be no image trailing when displaying the moving picture. This is important when playing games and watching a fast-moving video. A fast enough response time ensures a consistent picture. At present, the response time of ordinary LCD displays on the market has made a great breakthrough compared with the previous ones, which is generally about 40ms. But it still fails to meet the demand for 3D games and high-quality DVD movies.

Do you want a flashlight? The joke is about the brightness and contrast of LCD monitors. Since liquid crystal molecules cannot emit light by themselves, LCD displays need to rely on external light sources to assist in emitting light. Generally speaking, 140 lumens per square meter is enough. There is still a gap between the parameter standards of some manufacturers and the actual standards. It should be noted that some small LCDs used to be mainly used in laptop computers, with two light adjustments, so their brightness and contrast are not very good.

Liquid crystal “bad point” problem. The material of the LCD display screen is generally made of glass, which is easy to be broken. In addition, every pixel is very small, which often causes the phenomenon of individual pixels being broken, commonly known as “bad point”. This is not repairable, and only the replacement of the whole display screen is often very expensive.

The launch of a new product has its own advantages over old products. The advantage of an LCD display is that it is light, simple, and environmentally friendly eye protection. However, due to the current LCD products at the same time, there are defects, not enough to meet all the needs of consumers. Under the premise of such product technology, do not blindly follow the fashion trend, but recognize their own needs and product characteristics, to make the most objective and practical choice.

A monitor is a device that displays information in pictorial or other form. It could be data, text, graphics etc. Most people use it to display video games and movies on their computer screens. This article will tell you things like what is TFT monitor? What are the advantages of using one? Is there any disadvantage of using one? And so on.

A TFT monitor is a type of LCD display that is found in monitors like TVs, computer screens, and other devices. It stands for Thin Film Transistor which means that each pixel has its own transistor. This design allows the pixels to be brighter and last longer than other types of displays.

LCD monitors, also called flat panel displays are replacing the old-style cathode ray tubes (CRTs) in both televisions and computer screens. LCDs use thin film transistor technology which makes them more energy efficient than CRT video input devices while delivering equivalent image quality to previous generations of these display types – all at lower prices!

The video game industry was the fastest growing ICT industry in 2013. The monitors are also used in TVs, computers, and other devices. The biggest advantage is that they’re brighter and more durable than other types of displays so you won’t need to replace them as often!

The Padarsey 7 Inch LED Backlight TFT LCD Monitor is the perfect device for anyone who wants to do more with their car. It’s packed with features that make everyday life easier, more entertaining and more productive. You won’t find another device like it on the market today. It’s not just an amazing product but also an incredible experience you can have every day of your life.

With 2 AV input, you can connect this monitor to your backup camera or any other video equipment in your car so everything feels fluid and natural on this larger display. Screen rotatable, screen ratio 16:9/4:3 adjustable, brightness, contrast and color adjustable – all these features will help you get the most out of this monitor!

TFT monitors are packed with state-of-the art technology that provides superior imaging and display. In addition to the many benefits you’ll get from the overall video image quality, there is also a wide range of features that can be used to enhance your viewing pleasure! Some of the advantages include:

TFT monitors have sophisticated video processing technology that makes images better looking, helps eliminate jittery text, provides advanced auto-adjust features for optimal image characteristics.

Nothing is perfect, but using TFT monitors at home or work will give you an overall superior video performance and world-class viewing pleasure. However if you set up multiple screens together to create a big display it might cause some problems:

If all your monitors are TFT and they’re not calibrated correctly, the colors and brightness will be off and your image quality won’t be as good as it could be.

If you used a smaller TFT screen as the primary display and others are larger than they won’t fill the whole space so part of each monitor will be cut off.

Using TFT monitors in your home or office is one of the best ways to maximize your viewing pleasure. There are many benefits including great picture quality, wide viewing angles, great energy efficiency, faster refresh rates which makes them more durable than old monitors types like CRTs.

Although it’s easy to set up multiple screens together there might be some problems if all of the screens aren’t calibrated properly and if you’re using non-standard resolutions or smaller displays on any part of your configuration. The bottom line though is that using TFT monitors give you an excellent video experience so you can enjoy your videos, TV shows, movies and the web!

IPS (In-Plane Switching) lcd is still a type of TFT LCD, IPS TFT is also called SFT LCD (supper fine tft ),different to regular tft in TN (Twisted Nematic) mode, theIPS LCD liquid crystal elements inside the tft lcd cell, they are arrayed in plane inside the lcd cell when power off, so the light can not transmit it via theIPS lcdwhen power off, When power on, the liquid crystal elements inside the IPS tft would switch in a small angle, then the light would go through the IPS lcd display, then the display on since light go through the IPS display, the switching angle is related to the input power, the switch angle is related to the input power value of IPS LCD, the more switch angle, the more light would transmit the IPS LCD, we call it negative display mode.

The regular tft lcd, it is a-si TN (Twisted Nematic) tft lcd, its liquid crystal elements are arrayed in vertical type, the light could transmit the regularTFT LCDwhen power off. When power on, the liquid crystal twist in some angle, then it block the light transmit the tft lcd, then make the display elements display on by this way, the liquid crystal twist angle is also related to the input power, the more twist angle, the more light would be blocked by the tft lcd, it is tft lcd working mode.

A TFT lcd display is vivid and colorful than a common monochrome lcd display. TFT refreshes more quickly response than a monochrome LCD display and shows motion more smoothly. TFT displays use more electricity in driving than monochrome LCD screens, so they not only cost more in the first place, but they are also more expensive to drive tft lcd screen.The two most common types of TFT LCDs are IPS and TN displays.

Advantages: thin body and space saving. Compared with the more bulky CRT display, the liquid crystal display only needs one third of the space of the former; it saves electricity and does not produce high temperature. It is a low power consumption product, which can be achieved compared to CRT displays. No heat at all; no radiation, which is good for health, and the liquid crystal display is completely free of radiation.

The screen is soft and does not hurt the eyes. Unlike CRT technology, the LCD screen will not flicker, which can reduce the damage of the display to the eyes and make the eyes less fatigued.

Disadvantages: The visual deflection angle is small; it is easy to cause an image tailing phenomenon (such as the rapid shaking of the mouse pointer). This is because the ordinary LCD screen is mostly 60Hz (60 frames per second), but this problem mainly occurs when the LCD is just popular The brightness and contrast of the LCD monitor is not very good.

LCD "dead pixels" problem; life is limited; when the resolution is lower than the default resolution of the monitor, the picture will be blurred; when the resolution is greater than the default resolution of the monitor (mandatory setting by the software is required), the color of the details Will be lost.

Advantages: OLED is a self-luminous material, no backlight is required, at the same time, wide viewing angle, uniform picture quality, fast response speed, easier colorization, light emission can be achieved with a simple driving circuit, simple manufacturing process, and flexible The panel conforms to the principle of lightness, thinness, and shortness, and its application range belongs to small and medium size panels.

Active light emission, wide viewing angle range; fast response speed, stable image; high brightness, rich colors, and high resolution. Low driving voltage, low energy consumption, and can be matched with solar cells, integrated circuits, etc.

Disadvantages: It is difficult to increase the size. In order to maintain the brightness of the entire panel, it is necessary to increase the brightness of each Pixel and increase the operating current, which will reduce the life of the OLED device. Current Drive control is not easy. The manufacturing process is more complicated and the variability of TFT is higher.

TFT-LCD market size and share, sales 2022 report and forecast to 2025 containing 114 of Pages, Tables and Figures, segmented by major countries, types, applications and manufactures including: Samsung Display, CSOT, LG Display, Japan Display, Innolux, CEC-Panda, Sharp, Hannstar, AUO, CPT, Tianma, BOE.

Global TFT-LCD Market 2022 report provides overall analysis from market size, share, market dynamics, drivers, supply chain, import and export control to regional government policy and future influence on the industry. In addition, this report provides market analysis by countries, competitive landscape, production, value, price, gross margin. In addition, this TFT-LCD market provides leading competitors analysis based on different factors such as manufacture’s basic information, product introduction, competitive landscape, industry outlook, market driver analysis, market restraints analysis, market trends analysis, merger, acquisition and new investment, news of product release.

A thin film transistor liquid crystal display (TFT LCD) is a liquid crystal display (LCD) that utilizes thin film transistor technology to improve the quality of contrast and addressability.The TFT-LCD market revenue was Million USD in 2019, and will reach Million USD in 2025, with a CAGR during 2020-2025.

Under COVID-19 outbreak globally, this report provides 360 degrees of analysis from supply chain, import and export control to regional government policy and future influence on the industry. Detailed analysis about market status (2015-2020), enterprise competition pattern, advantages and disadvantages of enterprise products, industry development trends (2020-2025), regional industrial layout characteristics and macroeconomic policies, industrial policy has also been included. From raw materials to end users of this industry are analyzed scientifically, the trends of product circulation and sales channel will be presented as well. Considering COVID-19, this report provides comprehensive and in-depth analysis on how the epidemic push this industry transformation and reform.

Geographically, the regional consumption and value analysis by types, applications, and countries are included in the report. Furthermore, it also introduces the major competitive players in these regions.

Dare, R.N.: Use of the Adaptive Genetic Algorithm Clustering Algorithm to Detect Lines in Digital Images. In: Proc. SPIE Conf. Intelligent Robots and Computer Vision, vol. 1192(2), 276, pp. 600–611 (1989)

Chang, P.T., Huang, L.C., Lin, H.J.: The Genetic Algorithm Delphi Method via Genetic Algorithm Statistics and Membership Function Fitting and an Application to the Human Resources. Genetic Algorithm Sets and Systems 112, 511–520 (2000)

Chang, P.C., Wang, Y.W.: Genetic Algorithm Delphi and Back-Propagation Model for Sales Forecasting in PCB Industry. Expert Systems with Applications 30(4), 715–726 (2006)

Let us start with the basics first; refresh the knowledge about TN and LCD displays in general, later we will talk about TFTs (Thin Film Transistors), how they differ from regular monochrome LCD displays. Then we will go on to the ghosting effect, so we will not only discuss the technology behind the construction of the TFT, but also some phenomena, like the ghosting effect, or grayscale inversion, that are important to understand when using an LCD TFT display.

Next, we will look at different technologies of the TFT LCD displays like TN, IPS, VA, and of course about transmissive and transflective LCD displays, because TFT displays also can be transmissive and transflective. In the last part we will talk about backlight.

Let us start with a short review of the most basic liquid crystal cell, which is the TN (twisted nematic) display. On the picture above, we can see that the light can be transmit through the cell or blocked by the liquid crystal cell using voltage. If you want to learn more about monochrome LCD displays and the basics of LCD displays, follow this link.

What is a TFT LCD display and how it is different from a monochrome LCD display? TFT is called an active display. Active, means we have one or more transistors in every cell, in every pixel and in every subpixel. TFT stands for Thin Film Transistor, transistors that are very small and very thin and are built into the pixel, so they are not somewhere outside in a controller, but they are in the pixel itself. For example, in a 55-inch TV set, the TFT display contains millions of transistors in the pixels. We do not see them, because they are very small and hidden, if we zoom in, however, we can see them in every corner of each pixel, like on the picture below.

On the picture above we can see subpixels, that are basic RGB (Red, Green, Blue) colors and a black part, with the transistors and electronic circuits. We just need to know that we have pixels, and subpixels, and each subpixel has transistors. This makes the display active, and thus is called  the TFT display. TFT displays are usually color displays, but there are also monochrome TFT displays, that are active, and have transistors, but have no colors. The colors in the TFT LCD display are typically added by color filters on each subpixel. Usually the filters are RGB, but we also have RGBW (Red, Green, Blue, White) LCD displays with added subpixels without the filter (White) to make the display brighter.

What is interesting, the white part of the RGB and RGBW screen will look exactly the same from a distance, because the lights are mixed and generate white light, but when we come closer to the screen, we will not see white light at all.

Going a little bit deeper, into the TFT cell, there is a part inside well known to us from the monochrome LCD display Riverdi University lecture. We have a cell, liquid crystal, polarizers, an ITO (Indium Tin Oxide) layer for the electrodes, and additionally an electronic circuit. Usually, the electronic circuit consists of one transistor and some capacitors to sustain the pixel state when we switch the pixel OFF and ON. In a TFT LCD display the pixels are much more complicated because apart from building the liquid crystal part, we also need to build an electronic part.

That is why TFT LCD display technologies are very expensive to manufacture. If you are familiar with electronics, you know that the transistor is a kind of switch, and it allows us to switch the pixel ON and OFF. Because it is built into the pixel itself, it can be done very quickly and be very well controlled. We can control the exact state of every pixel not only the ON and OFF states, but also all the states in between. We can switch the light of the cells ON and OFF in several steps. Usually for TFT LCD displays it will be 8-bit steps per color, so we have 256 steps of brightness for every color, and every subpixel. Because we have three subpixels, we have a 24-bit color range, that means over 16 million combinations, we can, at least theoretically, show on our TFT LCD display over 16 million distinct colors using RGB pixels.

Now that we know how the TFT LCD display works, we can now learn some practical things one of which is LCD TFT ghosting. We know how the image is created, but what happens when we have the image on the screen for a prolonged time, and how to prevent it. In LCD displays we have something called LCD ghosting. We do not see it very often, but in some displays this phenomenon still exists.

If some elements of the picture i.e., your company logo is in the same place of the screen for a long period of time, for couple of weeks, months or a year, the crystals will memorize the state and later, when we change the image, we may see some ghosting of those elements. It really depends on many conditions like temperature and even the screen image that we display on the screen for longer periods of time. When you build your application, you can use some techniques to avoid it, like very rapid contrast change and of course to avoid the positioning the same image in the same position for a longer time.

You may have seen this phenomenon already as it is common in every display technology, and even companies like Apple put information on their websites, that users may encounter this phenomenon and how to fix it. It is called image ghosting or image persistence, and even Retina displays are not free of it.

Another issue present in TFT displays, especially TN LCD displays, is grayscale inversion. This is a phenomenon that changes the colors of the screen according to the viewing angle, and it is only one-sided. When buying a TFT LCD display, first we need to check what kind of technology it is. If it is an IPS display, like the Riverdi IPS display line, then we do not need to worry about the grayscale inversion because all the viewing angles will be the same and all of them will be very high, like 80, 85, or 89 degrees. But if you buy a more common or older display technology type, like the TN (twisted nematic) display, you need to think where it will be used, because one viewing angle will be out. It may be sometimes confusing, and you need to be careful as most factories define viewing direction of the screen and mistake this with the greyscale inversion side.

On the picture above, you can see further explanation of the grayscale inversion from Wikipedia. It says that some early panels and also nowadays TN displays, have grayscale inversion not necessary up-down, but it can be any angle, you need to check in the datasheet. The reason technologies like IPS (In-Plane Switching), used in the latest Riverdi displays, or VA, were developed, was to avoid this phenomenon. Also, we do not want to brag, but the Wikipedia definition references our website.

We know already that TN (twisted nematic) displays, suffer from grayscale inversion, which means the display has one viewing side, where the image color suddenly changes. It is tricky, and you need to be careful. On the picture above there is a part of the LCD TFT specification of a TN (twisted nematic) display, that has grayscale inversion, and if we go to this table, we can see the viewing angles. They are defined at 70, 70, 60 and 70 degrees, that is the maximum viewing angle, at which the user can see the image. Normally we may think that 70 degrees is better, so we will choose left and right side to be 70 degrees, and then up and down, and if we do not know the grayscale inversion phenomena, we may put our user on the bottom side which is also 70 degrees. The viewing direction will be then like a 6 o’clock direction, so we call it a 6 o’clock display. But you need to be careful! Looking at the specification, we can see that this display was defined as a 12 o’clock display, so it is best for it to be seen from a 12 o’clock direction. But we can find that the 12 o’clock has a lower viewing angle – 60 degrees. What does it mean? It means that on this side there will be no grayscale inversion. If we go to 40, 50, 60 degrees and even a little bit more, probably we will still see the image properly. Maybe with lower contrast, but the colors will not change. If we go from the bottom, from a 6 o’clock direction where we have the grayscale inversion, after 70 degrees or lower we will see a sudden color change, and of course this is something we want to avoid.

To summarize, when you buy older technology like TN and displays, which are still very popular, and Riverdi is selling them as well, you need to be careful where you put your display. If it is a handheld device, you will see the display from the bottom, but if you put it on a wall, you will see the display from the top, so you need to define it during the design phase, because later it is usually impossible or expensive to change the direction.

We will talk now about the other TFT technologies, that allow us to have wider viewing angles and more vivid colors. The most basic technology for monochrome and TFT LCD displays is twisted nematic (TN). As we already know, this kind of displays have a problem with grayscale inversion. On one side we have a higher retardation and will not get a clear image. That is why we have other technologies like VA (Vertical Alignment), where the liquid crystal is differently organized, and another variation of the TFT technology – IPS which is In-Plane Switching. The VA and IPS LCD displays do not have a problem with the viewing angles, you can see a clear image from all sides.

Nowadays all TV sets, tablets and of course mobile phones are IPS or VA. You can turn them around and see the image clear from all sides. But, for monitor applications the TN technology is still widely used, because the monitor usually is in front of you and most of the time you look directly at it, from top, left or right side, but very rarely from the bottom, so the grayscale inversion viewing angle can be placed there. This technology still is very practical because it is affordable and has some advantages for gamers because it is very fast.

Apart from the different organization of the liquid crystals, we also organize subpixels a little bit differently in a VA and IPS LCD displays. When we look closer at the TN display, we will just see the subpixels with color filters. If we look at the VA or IPS display they will have subpixels of subpixels. The subpixels are divided into smaller parts. In this way we can achieve even wider viewing angles and better colors for the user, but of course, it is more complicated and more expensive to do.

The picture above presents the TN display and grayscale inversion. For IPS or VA technology there is no such effect. The picture will be the same from all the sides we look so these technologies are popular where we need wide viewing angles, and TN is popular where we don’t need that, like in monitors. Other advantages of IPS LCD displays are they give accurate colors, and wide viewing angles. What is also important in practice, in our projects, is that the IPS LCD displays are less susceptible to mechanical force. When we apply mechanical force to the screen, and have an optically bonded touch screen, we push the display as well as squeeze the cells. When we have a TN display, every push on the cell changes the image suddenly, with the IPS LCD displays with in-plane switching, different liquid crystals organization, this effect is lesser. It is not completely removed but it is much less distinct. That is another reason IPS displays are very popular for smartphones, tablets, when we have the touchscreens usually optically bonded.

If we wanted to talk about disadvantages, there is a question mark over it, as some of them may be true, some of them do not rely on real cases, what kind of display, what kind of technology is it. Sometimes the IPS displays can have higher power consumption than others, in many cases however, not. They can be more expensive, but not necessarily. The new IPS panels can cost like TN panels, but IPS panels definitely have a longer response time. Again, it is not a rule, you can make IPS panels that are very fast, faster than TN panels, but if you want the fastest possible display, probably the TN panel will be the fastest. That is why the TN technology is still popular on the gaming market. Of course, you can find a lot of discussions on the internet, which technology is better, but it really depends on what you want to achieve.

Now, let us look at the backlight types. As we see here, on the picture above, we have four distinct types of backlight possible. The most common, 95 or 99 per cent of the TFT LCD displays on the market are the transmissive LCD display type, where we need the backlight from the back. If you remember from our Monochrome LCD Displays lecture, for transmissive LCD displays you need the backlight to be always on. If you switch the backlight off, you will not see anything. The same as for monochrome LCD displays, but less popular for TFT displays, we have the transflective LCD display type. They are not popular because usually for transflective TFT displays, the colors lack in brightness, and the displays are not very practical to use. You can see the screen, but the application is limited. Some transflective LCD displays are used by military, in applications where power consumption is paramount; where you can switch the backlight off and you agree to have lower image quality but still see the image. Power consumption and saving energy is most important in some kind of applications and you can use transflective LCD displays there. The reflective type of LCD displays are almost never used in TFT. There is one technology called Low Power Reflective Displays (LPRD) that is used in TFT but it is not popular. Lastly, we have a variation of reflective displays with frontlight, where we add frontlight to the reflective display and have the image even without external light.

Just a few words about Low Power Reflective Displays (LPRD). This kind of display uses environmental light, ambient light to reflect, and produce some colors. The colors are not perfect, not perfectly clear, but this technology is becoming increasingly popular because it allows to have color displays in battery powered applications. For example, a smartwatch would be a case for that technology, or an electrical bike or scooter, where we can not only have a standard monochrome LCD display but also a TFT LCD color display without the backlight; we can see the image even in

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strong sunlight and not need backlight at all. So, this kind of TFL LCD display technology is getting more and more popular when we have outdoor LCD displays and need a low power consumption.

On the picture above, we have some examples of how transmissive and reflective LCD displays work in the sunlight. If we have a simple image, like a black and white pattern, then on a transmissive LCD display, even with 1000 candela brightness, the image probably will be lower quality than for a reflective LCD display; if we have sunlight, we have very strong light reflections on the surface of the screen. We have talked about contrast in more detail in the lecture Sunlight Readable Displays. So, reflective LCD displays are a better solution for outdoor applications than transmissive LCD displays, where you need a really strong backlight, 1000 candela or more, to be really seen outdoors.

To show you how the backlight of LCD displays is built, we took the picture above. You can see the edge backlight there, where we have LEDs here on the small PCB on the edge, and we have a diffuser that distributes the light to the whole surface of LCD screen.

In addition to the backlight, we have something that is called a frontlight. It is similar to backlight, it also uses the LEDs to put the light into it, but the frontlight needs to be transparent as we have the display behind. On the example on the picture above we can see an e-paper display. The e-paper display is also a TFT display variation, but it is not LCD (liquid crystal), it is a different technology, but the back of the display is the same and it is reflective. The example you see is the Kindle 4 eBook reader. It uses an e-paper display and a frontlight as well, so you can read eBooks even during the night.

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OLED stands for Organic Light Emitting Diode and is made up of individual image elements called pixels comprised of organic chemical compounds which emit light when an electric current is applied between a anode and cathode of each pixel. This process is similar in operation to a standard LED operation where light emission is through the recombination of electrons and holes from the cathode and anode.

OLEDs and LCDs are used in display devices but are very different in how they present their display information. An OLED is an emissive type of display meaning it’s self-illuminating. An LCD, however, presents information via transmissive or transflective methods, which means that image illumination is supplied with methods such as a backlight and room light or the sun.

PMOLED stands for Passive Matrix OLED and is fabricated of emitting OLED pixel arrays configured in columns and rows with each pixel intersecting at a column row. These OLED pixels are arranged where their anodes are current driven by an electronic controller chip which also controls the cathode turn on to produce the desired display image.

The controller electronic continually scans the entire OLED column and row array at a set frame rate to produce an image. Because of this, the most power efficient display designs are best in smaller display sizes of 3” or less.

AMOLED stands for Active Matrix OLED and is fabricated similarly to a TFT display with each individual pixel element being addressable unlike the row and column design of a PMOLED. PMOLED displays are good for displaying text but fall short when displaying moving images due to the time needed to scan the rows and columns which can cause a perceived ghosting.

On the contrary, with an AMOLED, each individual OLED pixel can be turned on individually without the need to scan an entire array making them far superior for moving images. This allows the AMOLED to produce an image without any ghosting. This individually pixel design also allows for better illumination control for a brighter, higher contrast, more power efficient display. AMOLED displays are much faster the LCDs which makes them more attractive for video displays.

OLED displays have an advantage over other displays such as TFT LCDs since they are a self emitting light source and do not need a separate external light source in order to display an image. Therefore, they are more efficient. This self-illumination allows OLED displays to be much thinner than other technologies and can even be used in flexible displays as well. Some other advantages are:

The current production processes make it difficult and costly to produce large displays so most are limited to handheld devices, but like the lifetime issue this eventually will be improved.

OLED displays have found their way into many handheld products since their onset and continue to be popular in the mobile market. OLED displays can also be found in gaming applications and audiovisual applications such as programmable push button switches. OLED displays can also be found in cameras, PDA’s, and a few small TV’s.

TFT displays are also known as an “Active Matrix TFT LCD module” and have an array of thin film transistors fabricated on the glass that makes the LCD. There is one of these transistors for each pixel on the LCD. See our blog post RGB and Color Depth for more on how TFTs show color.

LCDs use voltage applied to a field of microscopic liquid crystals to change the crystal’s orientation. The orientation of the crystals changes the polarization of the liquid crystal creating light or dark pixels on the display.

These pixels are arranged to create characters or graphic images. This type of display may be sunlight-readable and may have a backlight, which allows it to be viewed in dark areas.

Beautiful, complex images: All of our TFT modules are full-color graphic displays. Unlike standard monochrome character displays, you can create complex images for an imaginative user experience.

Thin and light: These are ideal display modules for handheld devices, communications equipment, information displays, and test and measurement equipment.

Single Supply: Most of the TFTs use an integrated controller with built-in voltage generation so only a single 3.3v supply is needed for both the panel power and logic voltage.

Many of our character LCD modules use a standard HD44780 compatible controller, so they can be quickly integrated into a new product or used as a replacement in your existing products.

Many of the LCD controllers on board our graphic LCD display modules also include a CGROM (character generator ROM) which allows for easy character information as well as full bit-mapped graphic information to be shown.

Some of the graphic LCD displays have the ability to render graphics in grayscale, enabling you to show images and elements of your UI (user interface) with more depth and definition.

Because OLEDs are emissive, these displays can always be used in dark environments. There is usually a software command or hardware setting that will allow OLEDs to be dimmed.

Some OLED displays are bright enough to be sunlight readable–these models will typically take more current and may have a shorter rated lifetime. Additionally, OLEDs have extremely wide viewing angles.

If you have any questions, we can be reached at support@crystalfontz.com, we also provide chat and telephone support Monday through Friday during our open hours.

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Julia Nielsen is a jack-of-all-trades writer, having written for newspapers, magazines, websites, and blogs for the last 15 years. When she"s not dabbling in the written world, she"s spending time with her beautiful granddaughter. She loves to hear from readers, especially when they offer chocolate.

The two buzzwords the tech world has been chatting about for a number of years now is IPS, (In-Plane Switching) screen technology used for liquid crystal displays or LCD’s for short, and TFT (Thin-Film-Transistor) an active matrix screen technology, which is more expensive, but a sharper image.

Designed in the 1980’s, but not introduced until nearly a decade later, in 1996, by Hitachi, IPS technology is nothing new, and a type of LCD design that affords greater viewing angles and higher-quality color reproduction than the traditional TN or Twisted Nematic LCDs.

When Apple brought it to the public’s attention, it took off, and as they say, the rest is history; but, it really didn’t become widespread or worldwide until just the late 1990’s. Since then, IPS screens have been implemented in homes all over the world, with variations to suit one’s electronic needs.

TFT (Thin-Film-Transistor) Liquid Crystal Display is a thin display type, where a transistor embedded into each crystal gate; these transistors are then printed on thin-transparent film. The technology was designed to improve image qualities, such as contrast and addressability.

Also designed in the late 1980’s, TFT display technologies is just another variation of LCD displays that offer greater color, contrast, and response times as opposed to available passive matrix LCD’s. One of the primary differences between IPS and TFT display technologies is the cost. IPS is more expensive than TN technology. However, there are some key differences between the two that should be noted.

Before we go into the differences, let’s talk about features of each technology. Note that we’re not talking TVs, computer, or tablets, but screens on a much smaller scale, (think 7” or smaller) which uses different rules to fit that scale. First, it’s interesting to discover that the TFT display technologies is the most common type of color display technology; more monochrome displays still out-sell color, due to lower cost and lower power consumption, however, the narrow poor visibility of TFTs in direct sunlight is their downside; but I’m getting ahead of myself here.

IPS technology has come a long way in regards to cell phones and other LCD screens that are even much smaller. (Picture digital clocks on a radio, microwave, and hand-held games) Some of the features of an IPS screen include:Wider viewing angles – crystals are aligned horizontally rather than vertically, so it allows for better angled viewing, perfect for smaller screens, where you need to rotate the screen for better viewing

Variations to help with user’s viewing requirements or desires – there are several different forms of IPS technology: Super-IPS, (S-IPS) Advanced Super IPS, Advanced S-IPS, where the liquid crystal molecules stay parallel to the front and back panels, instead of perpendicular when a voltage is applied

TFT display technologies have developed over the years and have become quite popular in tech circles. The features offered with this advancing technology are:Superior color display – for technology that requires it or for consumers that desire color screens

Features a longer half-life, (half-life is the amount of time in hours before the display is 50% as bright as when it was first turned on), than OLEDs and comes in varying sizes, from under an inch up to over 15 inches

Capacitive Touchscreen or touch panel, which is in the majority of Smartphones and allows for additional functionality, specifically for zooming and scrolling

Aspect ratio control, which refers to a screen’s ability to maintain an aspect ratio of a source image at the hardware level, and 1:1 pixel mapping, used to literally “map” the exact number of pixels specifically in the source resolution to pixels on the screen

Variety of displays, which can be interfaced through a variety of bus types, including 18 and 24 bit for red/green/blue, LVDS, and 8 bit and 16 bit for a CPU – many controllers allow for two or more different types of interfaces on the same TFT screen

Okay, now that we’ve covered the features of both technologies, let’s look at the differences between the two. Before we get into the spec differences, let’s first address the main difference: the arrangement of transistors and liquid crystal. Seems vague, doesn’t it?

Let me explain. As you can see, both have excellent color display and clarity; however, IPS screens offer greater color reproduction and viewing angles because of the way crystal orientation and polarizers are arranged. In a TFT screen, the structure of the crystals results in angular retardation in the light. The IPS screens thus offer less distortion properties. Other differences include power consumption and cost. With IPS screens, it takes more power (up to 15% more) than with a TFT screen. If you’re on a monitor, such as a computer screen that’s bigger than 7 inches, it will drain your battery faster than if you’re on a 3.5” screen. Regarding cost, IPS panels are more expensive to produce than TFT panels.

Here’s why:IPS screens are popular and in high demand with professionals including surgeons and photographers or pretty much any profession that requires color reproduction, therefore, because the demand is high, the price goes up. (way to love economics) Also, less manufactures are building IPS at this time.

If you want the benefits of having a Smartphone without a huge price tag, then TFT devices are your best bet. Another difference is that IPS screens have longer response times than TFT screens, so the lag output is greater. A few other key differences to be aware of are that with IPS panels, you get a bigger variety of panels, as was discussed above, with their super, advanced, and so forth development