tft lcd ips vs ltps lcd brands

Samsung came up with its unique 18:5:9 AMOLED display for the Galaxy S8. LG picked up its old trusted IPS LCD unit for the G6’s display. These display units have been familiar to the usual Indian smartphone buyer. Honor, on the other hand, has just unveiled the new Honor 8 Pro for the Indian market that ships with an LTPS LCD display. This has led to wonder how exactly is this technology different from the existing ones and what benefits does it give Honor to craft its flagship smartphone with. Well, let’s find out.

The LCD technology brought in the era of thin displays to screens, making the smartphone possible in the current world. LCD displays are power efficient and work on the principle of blocking light. The liquid crystal in the display unit uses some kind of a backlight, generally a LED backlight or a reflector, to make the picture visible to the viewer. There are two kinds of LCD units – passive matrix LCD that requires more power and the superior active matrix LCD unit, known to people as Thin Film Transistor (TFT) that draws less power.

The early LCD technology couldn’t maintain the colour for wide angle viewing, which led to the development of the In-Plane Switching (IPS) LCD panel. IPS panel arranges and switches the orientation of the liquid crystal molecules of standard LCD display between the glass substrates. This helps it to enhance viewing angles and improve colour reproduction as well. IPS LCD technology is responsible for accelerating the growth of the smartphone market and is the go-to display technology for prominent manufacturers.

The standard LCD display uses amorphous Silicon as the liquid for the display unit as it can be assembled into complex high-current driver circuits. This though restricts the display resolution and adds to overall device temperatures. Therefore, development of the technology led to replacing the amorphous Silicon with Polycrystalline Silicon, which boosted the screen resolution and maintains low temperatures. The larger and more uniform grains of polysilicon allow faster electron movement, resulting in higher resolution and higher refresh rates. It also was found to be cheaper to manufacture due to lower cost of certain key substrates. Therefore, the Low-Temperature PolySilicon (LTPS) LCD screen helps provide larger pixel densities, lower power consumption that standard LCD and controlled temperature ranges.

The AMOLED display technology is in a completely different league. It doesn’t bother with any liquid mechanism or complex grid structures. The panel uses an array of tiny LEDs placed on TFT modules. These LEDs have an organic construction that directly emits light and minimises its loss by eradicating certain filters. Since LEDs are physically different units, they can be asked to switch on and off as per the requirement of the display to form a picture. This is known as the Active Matrix system. Hence, an Active Matrix Organic Light Emitting Diode (AMOLED) display can produce deeper blacks by switching off individual LED pixels, resulting in high contrast pictures.

The honest answer is that it depends on the requirement of the user. If you want accurate colours from your display while wanting it to retain its vibrancy for a longer period of time, then any of the two LCD screens are the ideal choice. LTPS LCD display can provide higher picture resolution but deteriorates faster than standard IPS LCD display over time.

An AMOLED display will provide high contrast pictures any time but it too has the tendency to deteriorate faster than LCD panels. Therefore, if you are after greater picture quality, choose LTPS LCD or else settle for AMOLED for a vivid contrast picture experience.

In recent years, with the development of full-screen mobile phones, In-cell LCD screens have gradually been applied to various mobile phone brands. In the In-cell LCD screen assembly, In-cell screens of LTPS In-cell LCD, IPS In-cell LCD, and Retina In-cell LCD have gradually appeared. Let me introduce the characteristics of the three In-cell LCD screens.

LTPS (Low-Temperature Poly-silicon) is a type of polysilicon, which means that the arrangement of molecular structure in a crystal grain is neat and directional, so the electron mobility rate is faster than that of disordered amorphous silicon. Because of the slow electron movement rate of the amorphous silicon a-si, the drive circuit (gate scanning circuit, data circuit) of the panel can only be done on the IC (voltage -10V~15V), and because LTPS has fast electron movement, Therefore, he built the driving circuit (L/S amplifier circuit in the gate direction, switch circuit in the data direction) around the glass substrate, so he only needs to buy low-voltage IC chips (which are cheaper). When LTPS In-cell LCD is applied to the mobile phone screen assembly, it has the features of ultra-thin, lightweight, fast response speed, high resolution, and low power consumption.

IPS screen (In-Plane Switching, plane switching) technology is a liquid crystal panel technology launched by Hitachi in 2001, commonly known as "Super TFT". IPS screen is a technology based on TFT, and its essence is TFT screen. IPS is a film with a layer of resin attached to the surface. The advantage of the IPS screen is that it is oriented into an opaque mode. The electrode with the vertical orientation of the liquid crystal molecules determines how much light is transmitted. The higher the voltage, the more molecules are twisted.

IPS is mainly used on hard screens. The reason why IPS hard screens have a clear and ultra-stable dynamic display effect depends on its innovative horizontal conversion molecular arrangement, which changes the vertical molecular arrangement of VA soft screens, thus having a more robust and stable liquid crystal structure. The reason why it is called an IPS hard screen is to add a hard protective film to the LCD panel to prevent the LCD screen from being damaged by external hard objects. IPS In-cell LCD has fast response speed, large viewing angle, vivid and saturated display color, and stable dynamic high-definition display.

Retina display is also called retina screen, Retina is actually the name of display technology. This technology compresses more pixels onto a single screen to achieve a delicate screen with amazing resolution. Although the resolution of the screen generally appears in the format of "number of pixels x number of pixels", it is the pixel density, that is, PPI, not the number of pixels, that really determines the screen resolution. In addition, in addition to PPI, the distance between the eyes and the screen also determines whether a screen is clear enough to be called "Retina". For smartphones, 326 PPI can be called Retina display. Retina In-cell LCD uses the same technology as LTPS In-cell LCD, but Retina screens have more advantages in PPI.

If you want to buy a new monitor, you might wonder what kind of display technologies I should choose. In today’s market, there are two main types of computer monitors: TFT LCD monitors & IPS monitors.

The word TFT means Thin Film Transistor. It is the technology that is used in LCD displays.  We have additional resources if you would like to learn more about what is a TFT Display. This type of LCDs is also categorically referred to as an active-matrix LCD.

These LCDs can hold back some pixels while using other pixels so the LCD screen will be using a very minimum amount of energy to function (to modify the liquid crystal molecules between two electrodes). TFT LCDs have capacitors and transistors. These two elements play a key part in ensuring that the TFT display monitor functions by using a very small amount of energy while still generating vibrant, consistent images.

Industry nomenclature: TFT LCD panels or TFT screens can also be referred to as TN (Twisted Nematic) Type TFT displays or TN panels, or TN screen technology.

IPS (in-plane-switching) technology is like an improvement on the traditional TFT LCD display module in the sense that it has the same basic structure, but has more enhanced features and more widespread usability.

These LCD screens offer vibrant color, high contrast, and clear images at wide viewing angles. At a premium price. This technology is often used in high definition screens such as in gaming or entertainment.

Both TFT display and IPS display are active-matrix displays, neither can’t emit light on their own like OLED displays and have to be used with a back-light of white bright light to generate the picture. Newer panels utilize LED backlight (light-emitting diodes) to generate their light hence utilizing less power and requiring less depth by design. Neither TFT display nor IPS display can produce color, there is a layer of RGB (red, green, blue) color filter in each LCD pixels to produce the color consumers see. If you use a magnifier to inspect your monitor, you will see RGB color in each pixel. With an on/off switch and different level of brightness RGB, we can get many colors.

Winner. IPS TFT screens have around 0.3 milliseconds response time while TN TFT screens responds around 10 milliseconds which makes the latter unsuitable for gaming

Winner. the images that IPS displays create are much more pristine and original than that of the TFT screen. IPS displays do this by making the pixels function in a parallel way. Because of such placing, the pixels can reflect light in a better way, and because of that, you get a better image within the display.

As the display screen made with IPS technology is mostly wide-set, it ensures that the aspect ratio of the screen would be wider. This ensures better visibility and a more realistic viewing experience with a stable effect.

Winner. While the TFT LCD has around 15% more power consumption vs IPS LCD, IPS has a lower transmittance which forces IPS displays to consume more power via backlights. TFT LCD helps battery life.

Normally, high-end products, such as Apple Mac computer monitors and Samsung mobile phones, generally use IPS panels. Some high-end TV and mobile phones even use AMOLED (Active Matrix Organic Light Emitting Diodes) displays. This cutting edge technology provides even better color reproduction, clear image quality, better color gamut, less power consumption when compared to LCD technology.

This kind of touch technology was first introduced by Steve Jobs in the first-generation iPhone. Of course, a TFT LCD display can always meet the basic needs at the most efficient price. An IPS display can make your monitor standing out.

According to LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) technology and LCD materials, mobile phone LCD assemblies can be classified into 2 types: TFT (Thin Flim Transistor) and OLED（Organic Light-Emitting Diode). TFT display needs with backlight, but OLED is light-emitting, each pixel is creating its own light.

For Original iPhone LCD, 5-8 plus and Xr, 11 is TFT, X-13 Pro Max is OLED (except XR and 11). But in mobile phone aftermarket, there are too many different types and different qualities, which makes customers confused.

What is in-cell? What is OGS or " with TP"? What is COF? What is COG? What is OEM? What is FOG? What is Original Change Glass? What is IPS? What is LTPS? What is a-Si?

HTPS with small size, high precision, and high contrast. Most used in magnified display products. Such as projectors, projection TVs, etc. And cannot be used as a mobile phone display, so we don"t talk about it here.

IGZO has 20–50 times the electron mobility than a-Sin. IGZO only has been licensed to Samsung Electronics and Sharp. However, it was Sharp who first implemented IGZO into their smartphones (Aquos Phone Zeta SH-02E), tablets, and 32-inch LCDs. IGZO for mobile phones is only Sharp. Almost all mobile phones on the market didn"t use IGZO.

Because the electrons deflect the liquid crystal molecules through the transistor. Electron mobility fundamentally determines the refresh rates of the TFT device. The smaller mobility, the slower transmission of holes and electrons, and the slower response rate. Can"t physically support high refresh rates.

In order to improve the response performance, can increase transistor size to enhance the migration, but this will lead to the extra TFT device that will occupy the display area pixel area. Therefore, the larger unit transistor area, the single-pixel occupy area is smaller(Pixel Aperture Ratio ), resulting in lower brightness.

As we can see electron mobility of a-Si is very low (0.5-1cm2/Vs). But LTPS can deliver a hundred times the mobility than a-Si, and a much higher aperture ratio and PPI is much higher than a-Si resolution.

Compared with LTPS，a-si TFT have those "weakness":a-Si with so much low resolution and low definition. a-Si is 720*1280 with a very blurred display effect.

a-Si with so much bad display performance, but why are there still so many manufacturers producing phone LCDs with a-Si, or why do the customers willing to use a-Si LCD for their phone?

LCDs business has too much competition and wholesalers want to make more profit, they keep pushing suppliers to make LCDs at lower prices. So some of the suppliers start to produce aftermarket phone displays with a-Si to match customers" lower price requirements.

The customers with asymmetric information. End-Users don"t know how to distinguish LCDs qualities. Some of them just chase the price but not quality. That is another reason wholesalers want a lower price.

Now in the market a-Si LCDs for iPhone is TFT with TP but not in-cell. Our ZY a-Si will be in-cell not just TFT with TP. ZY a-Si incell for Xr and 11 ready now, please to get more details.

For more details or questions about in-cell and TFT with TP or about phone LCD display. Please click here to get more information, or Long press and scran the QR code to add me.

The major battle begins here. The two competitors of the game are LTPS LCD and AMOLED. These are state of the art displays and people often find themselves comparing these two displays. People are wondering about the result for LTPS vs AMOLED.

LTPS and AMOLED comparison has always been an interesting debate. Potential buyers of smartphones keep comparing the difference between LTPS and AMOLED. There is a complete LTPS and AMOLED comparison below which outlines the difference between these two types:

LTPS stands for Low-Temperature PolySilicon. This type of display provides a faster and more integrated display compared to a standard LCD. The LTPS display provides a better picture quality for the user and some people consider it to be more true to life. It provides larger picture densities and is also lower on power consumption as it does not light up every pixel individually. People can expect a higher picture resolution in their displays.

There is no actual winner to this debate, just like the console war or the Android vs Apple debate. The choice depends completely on the user and their tastes and preferences. If the users want a better picture resolution in their display, they can go with LTPS LCD and if the user wants a higher contrast picture to their display then they can go with AMOLED. Both displays deteriorate faster than standard LCD screens. Apple is known to use LCD panels in their smartphones and Samsung is known to use AMOLED ones. These are the points that can help the user make an informed decision about which display they would want to go with.

IPS (In-Plane Switching) lcd is still a type of TFT LCD, IPS TFT is also called SFT LCD (supper fine tft ),different to regular tft in TN (Twisted Nematic) mode, theIPS LCD liquid crystal elements inside the tft lcd cell, they are arrayed in plane inside the lcd cell when power off, so the light can not transmit it via theIPS lcdwhen power off, When power on, the liquid crystal elements inside the IPS tft would switch in a small angle, then the light would go through the IPS lcd display, then the display on since light go through the IPS display, the switching angle is related to the input power, the switch angle is related to the input power value of IPS LCD, the more switch angle, the more light would transmit the IPS LCD, we call it negative display mode.

The regular tft lcd, it is a-si TN (Twisted Nematic) tft lcd, its liquid crystal elements are arrayed in vertical type, the light could transmit the regularTFT LCDwhen power off. When power on, the liquid crystal twist in some angle, then it block the light transmit the tft lcd, then make the display elements display on by this way, the liquid crystal twist angle is also related to the input power, the more twist angle, the more light would be blocked by the tft lcd, it is tft lcd working mode.

A TFT lcd display is vivid and colorful than a common monochrome lcd display. TFT refreshes more quickly response than a monochrome LCD display and shows motion more smoothly. TFT displays use more electricity in driving than monochrome LCD screens, so they not only cost more in the first place, but they are also more expensive to drive tft lcd screen.The two most common types of TFT LCDs are IPS and TN displays.

LTPS or low-temperature polysilicon is a silicon-based material used in semiconductor components and devices. In liquid crystal or LCD technology, it is specifically a backplane technology and a major component of thin-film transistors or TFT responsible for turning individual pixels on and off.

Manufacturers have been using LTPT LCD in some of their consumer electronic devices because of its advantages over other backplane technologies based on amorphous silicon or a-Si and indium gallium zinc oxide or IGZO.

Conventional LCDs use amorphous silicon. However, one of the reasons why manufacturers are switching to low-temperature polysilicon is overall superiority. More specifically, LTPS LCD has inherent advantages over a-Si LCD and even IGZO LCD.

A notable advantage of LTPS LCD is that it has larger and more uniform grains of polysilicon. Note that a-Si LCD has random-sized grains. Hence, in low-temperature polysilicon, electrons flow 100 times faster than in amorphous silicon. IGZO, on the other hand, has 30 to 40 times more electron mobility than a-SI. Thus, it is in this regard that LTPS remains inherently better than both amorphous silicon and indium gallium zinc oxide.

The faster electron flow or better electron mobility translates further to higher resolutions and faster pixel response time. Hence, manufacturers can produce LCDs with higher pixel density with low-temperature polysilicon than a-SI while improving the refresh rates of advanced LCD technologies such as in-plane switching or IPS LCD.

It is also the most energy efficient, with IGZO ranking in second and a-Si in third. This power efficiency comes from its superior electron mobility, as well as from the fact that the number of components in the LCD module can be reduced by up to 40 percent by integrating row or column drivers onto the glass substrate.

A probable application of LTPS is in consumer electronic devices with soft and flexible displays. Furthermore, its capacity to support high resolution and stable reliability make this technology an ideal candidate for portable displays over other semiconductor materials. Note that flexibility is a critical issue in manufacturing small-sized portable displays.

Two of the major drawbacks of LTPS is that it has a complicated manufacturing process and higher material costs than a-Si. Thus, backplane technology based on this material is more expensive to produce. A 1080p low-temperature polysilicon TFT LCD would cost about 12 to 14 percent more than an amorphous silicon TFT LCD.

Another disadvantage is that LCDs based on this technology have a shorter lifespan than those based on a-Si and IGZO. The quality of LTPS LCD decreases over time due to overheating. Note that turning transistors on produces heat. Low-temperature polysilicon is susceptible to overheating. High temperature degrades the entire thin-film transistor by breaking the silicon-hydrogen bonds on the material.

Note that IGZO has an electron mobility nearly as high as low-temperature polysilicon. However, it has a lower leakage current. Both LTPS and a-SI have high leakage current that necessitates continuous pixel refresh when displaying a still image. IGZO displays retain their active state longer than the two.

It is important to highlight the fact that low-temperature polysilicon or LTPS is a backplane technology that can be applied not only in LCD but also in other display technologies. For starters, it has been used to improve the performance and quality of in-plane switching or IPS LCD. It is also applicable in organic light-emitting diode or OLED technology. Researchers and manufacturers are also opting to use this material for use in emerging display technologies to include mini-LED LCDs and microLED display technology.

A hybrid between IGZO and LTPS is possible. Apple Inc. demonstrated in its Apple Watch devices that it is possible to combine silicon-based and oxide-based materials with the so-called low-temperature polycrystalline oxide or LTPO display.

With The Advent Of New Display Technologies And The Availability Of Examples Such As IPS LCD, LTPS LCD, And AMOLED‌ In Mobile Phones, The Choice Has Become Difficult For Users.

While Samsung, the largest manufacturer of smartphones globally, AMOLED displays are used in its flagship products, LG continues to equip its new products with IPS LCD monitors. Many other companies have another type of display panel called LTPS LCD Are employed. But what is remarkable is the advantages and disadvantages of each of these screens over the other.

Liquid Crystal display LCDIt is a technology that brings slim and thin screens to the world of smartphones. In a better description, this technology made it possible to produce today’s thin smartphones. LCD monitors have optimal energy consumption and work based on the “light barrier” phenomenon. The liquid crystal in these displays is a kind of backlight that an LED can control or has a reflector provided and uses to expose the image to users.

Screen LCD is divided into two main types; Passive Matrix pages) And Thin Film Transistor pages, which are called TFTAre also known to users. LCD monitors with a passive matrix relative to TFT plates Consume more energy.

Backlit screens LCDIs supplied by a polarized light source; In this way, light passes through several vertical and horizontal filters and determines the brightness of each pixel of the screen.

For this reason, it is said that the best viewing angle for viewing images on these screens is the front angle. TFT monitors are now obsolete and have fewer smartphones.

Technologies used in LCD monitors could not maintain the quality of colors and images at wide viewing angles. That’s why another category of LCD monitors under In-Plane SwitchingOr IPSIt was introduced to the market, which solved this problem to a great extent. IPS screens have the ability to change the direction of liquid crystal molecules between glass substrates and arrange them. This significantly improves the viewing angle and the ability to produce color on these displays.

Compared to TFT monitors, IPS LCD monitors consume less energy, and you can also see better images in the sun. The colors produced by these panels are also very natural, but the cost of producing them is far from the cost of producing LCD screens. More than. IPS LCD screens have helped to grow the smartphone market in recent years, and many manufacturers are now using these screens in their products.

LCD screens use uniform (amorphous) silicon material as a color rendering agent; Because this material can be used along with complex electronic boards with high electrical current. This will cause the screen resolution to be slightly limited and the temperature to rise slightly. Later, the replacement of amorphous silicon by polysilicon removed these barriers, and it was possible to increase the resolution and reduce the operating temperature of these displays.

Display manufacturers could also use larger volumes of uniform polysilicon to help electrons move faster, resulting in better resolution and faster refresh rates. With the use of this new material because of the possibility of using cheaper and more expensive substrates, the total cost of production of this type of LCD monitorsDecreased.

These monitors are now titled LCD Low-Temperature PolySilicon Or LTPS LCDAre, compared to LCD monitors’ first generation. They have higher pixel density, better resolution, lower power consumption, and lower operating temperatures.

screenAMOLEDCompared to LCD monitors, they use completely different technologies, and there is no mention of liquid crystals or other complex structures in them. These displays have an array of small LEDs mounted on Thin Film Transistor modules. Or TFTThey is riding. Organically structured and made using organic materials, these LEDs emit the light needed to display images and colors.

Produce more vivid and natural colors, wider viewing angle, less thickness and weight, and faster response time, including OLED displays’ benefits compared to LCD monitors.

Given that OLED displays do not have a backlight, and when producing black color, some of these LEDs are turned off, the energy consumption of these panels is compared to LCDs.It is much more efficient.

But on the other hand, studies show that the lifespan of AMOLED screens is less than LCD panels. Other disadvantages of these displays include losing a significant portion of the image quality when working in bright environments such as sunlight.

Given that the production of these monitors compared to the production of LCD monitors, It costs more when we only see them in high-end and expensive phones.

In choosing an ideal display panel for smartphones, we must pay more attention to the user’s needs and, by examining them, choose one of the above. If you need a good display with an accurate color display, LCDscreensIt will be the best option for you.

These monitors also have the best lifespan among different types of display panels. LTPS LCD monitors can provide higher image resolution than IPS LCD monitors, and they Spoil sooner.

AMOLED displays also have the best contrast when displaying images among these panels; But compared to LCD monitors over time, they break down faster. That way, if you care more about image quality and resolution, LTPS LCD monitors select AMOLED displays. If you are more interested in contrast, they will be the best choice for you.

In addition, if you spend most of your time outdoors and in the sun, it is better to have a smartphone with an IPS LCD.  Choose; Because these monitors perform better in bright environments. But if you are indoors most of the time, choose a smartphone with an AMOLED display. Or Super AMOLED, Seems wiser.

The major battle begins here. The two competitors of the game are LTPS LCD and AMOLED. These are state of the art displays and people often find themselves comparing these two displays. People are wondering about the result for LTPS vs AMOLED.

AMOLED and TFT are two types of display technology used in smartphones. AMOLED (active-matrix organic light-emitting diode) displays are made up of tiny organic light-emitting diodes, while TFT (Thin-Film Transistor) displays use inorganic thin-film transistors.

AMOLEDs are made from organic materials that emit light when an electric current is passed through them, while TFTs use a matrix of tiny transistors to control the flow of electricity to the display.

Refresh Rate: Another key difference between AMOLED and TFT displays is the refresh rate. The refresh rate is how often the image on the screen is updated. AMOLED screens have a higher refresh rate than TFT screens, which means that they can display images more quickly and smoothly.

Response Time: The response time is how long it takes for the pixels to change from one colour to another. AMOLED screens have a shorter response time than TFT screens..

Colour Accuracy/Display Quality: AMOLED screens are more accurate when it comes to displaying colours. This is because each pixel on an AMOLED screen emits its own light, which means that the colours are more pure and true to life. TFT screens, on the other hand, use a backlight to illuminate the pixels, which can cause the colours to appear washed out or less vibrant.

Viewing Angle: The viewing angle is the angle at which you can see the screen. AMOLED screens have a wider viewing angle than TFT screens, which means that you can see the screen from more angles without the colours looking distorted.

Power Consumption: One of the main advantages of AMOLED displays is that they consume less power than TFT displays. This is because the pixels on an AMOLED screen only light up when they need to, while the pixels on a TFT screen are always illuminated by the backlight.

Production Cost: AMOLED screens are more expensive to produce than TFT screens. This is because the manufacturing process for AMOLED screens is more complex, and the materials used are more expensive.

Availability: TFT screens are more widely available than AMOLED screens and have been around for longer. They are typically used in a variety of devices, ranging from phones to TVs.

Usage: AMOLED screens are typically used in devices where power consumption is a concern, such as phones and wearable devices. TFT screens are more commonly used in devices where image quality is a higher priority, such as TVs and monitors.

AMOLED and TFT are two different types of display technology. AMOLED displays are typically brighter and more vibrant, but they are more expensive to produce. TFT displays are cheaper to produce, but they are not as bright or power efficient as AMOLED displays.

The display technology that is best for you will depend on your needs and preferences. If you need a screen that is bright and vibrant, then an AMOLED display is a good choice. If you need a screen that is cheaper to produce, then a TFT display is a good choice. However, if you’re worried about image retention, then TFT may be a better option.

Flat-panel displays are thin panels of glass or plastic used for electronically displaying text, images, or video. Liquid crystal displays (LCD), OLED (organic light emitting diode) and microLED displays are not quite the same; since LCD uses a liquid crystal that reacts to an electric current blocking light or allowing it to pass through the panel, whereas OLED/microLED displays consist of electroluminescent organic/inorganic materials that generate light when a current is passed through the material. LCD, OLED and microLED displays are driven using LTPS, IGZO, LTPO, and A-Si TFT transistor technologies as their backplane using ITO to supply current to the transistors and in turn to the liquid crystal or electroluminescent material. Segment and passive OLED and LCD displays do not use a backplane but use indium tin oxide (ITO), a transparent conductive material, to pass current to the electroluminescent material or liquid crystal. In LCDs, there is an even layer of liquid crystal throughout the panel whereas an OLED display has the electroluminescent material only where it is meant to light up. OLEDs, LCDs and microLEDs can be made flexible and transparent, but LCDs require a backlight because they cannot emit light on their own like OLEDs and microLEDs.

Liquid-crystal display (or LCD) is a thin, flat panel used for electronically displaying information such as text, images, and moving pictures. They are usually made of glass but they can also be made out of plastic. Some manufacturers make transparent LCD panels and special sequential color segment LCDs that have higher than usual refresh rates and an RGB backlight. The backlight is synchronized with the display so that the colors will show up as needed. The list of LCD manufacturers:

Organic light emitting diode (or OLED displays) is a thin, flat panel made of glass or plastic used for electronically displaying information such as text, images, and moving pictures. OLED panels can also take the shape of a light panel, where red, green and blue light emitting materials are stacked to create a white light panel. OLED displays can also be made transparent and/or flexible and these transparent panels are available on the market and are widely used in smartphones with under-display optical fingerprint sensors. LCD and OLED displays are available in different shapes, the most prominent of which is a circular display, which is used in smartwatches. The list of OLED display manufacturers:

LCDs are made in a glass substrate. For OLED, the substrate can also be plastic. The size of the substrates are specified in generations, with each generation using a larger substrate. For example, a 4th generation substrate is larger in size than a 3rd generation substrate. A larger substrate allows for more panels to be cut from a single substrate, or for larger panels to be made, akin to increasing wafer sizes in the semiconductor industry.

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