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AMOLED (active-matrix organic light-emitting diode, OLED display device technology. OLED describes a specific type of thin-film-display technology in which organic compounds form the electroluminescent material, and active matrix refers to the technology behind the addressing of pixels.

An AMOLED display consists of an active matrix of OLED pixels generating light (luminescence) upon electrical activation that have been deposited or integrated onto a thin-film transistor (TFT) array, which functions as a series of switches to control the current flowing to each individual pixel.

Typically, this continuous current flow is controlled by at least two TFTs at each pixel (to trigger the luminescence), with one TFT to start and stop the charging of a storage capacitor and the second to provide a voltage source at the level needed to create a constant current to the pixel, thereby eliminating the need for the very high currents required for passive-matrix OLED operation.

TFT backplane technology is crucial in the fabrication of AMOLED displays. In AMOLEDs, the two primary TFT backplane technologies, polycrystalline silicon (poly-Si) and amorphous silicon (a-Si), are currently used offering the potential for directly fabricating the active-matrix backplanes at low temperatures (below 150 °C) onto flexible plastic substrates for producing flexible AMOLED displays.

AMOLED was developed in 2006. Samsung SDI was one of the main investors in the technology, and many other display companies were also developing it. One of the earliest consumer electronics products with an AMOLED display was the BenQ-Siemens S88 mobile handsetiriver Clix 2 portable media player.Nokia N85 followed by the Samsung i7110 - both Nokia and Samsung Electronics were early adopters of this technology on their smartphones.

Manufacturers have developed in-cell touch panels, integrating the production of capacitive sensor arrays in the AMOLED module fabrication process. In-cell sensor AMOLED fabricators include AU Optronics and Samsung. Samsung has marketed its version of this technology as "Super AMOLED". Researchers at DuPont used computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software to optimize coating processes for a new solution-coated AMOLED display technology that is competitive in cost and performance with existing chemical vapor deposition (CVD) technology. Using custom modeling and analytic approaches, Samsung has developed short and long-range film-thickness control and uniformity that is commercially viable at large glass sizes.

The amount of power the display consumes varies significantly depending on the color and brightness shown. As an example, one old QVGA OLED display consumes 0.3 watts while showing white text on a black background, but more than 0.7 watts showing black text on a white background, while an LCD may consume only a constant 0.35 watts regardless of what is being shown on screen.

AMOLED displays may be difficult to view in direct sunlight compared with LCDs because of their reduced maximum brightness.Super AMOLED technology addresses this issue by reducing the size of gaps between layers of the screen.PenTile technology is often used for a higher resolution display while requiring fewer subpixels than needed otherwise, sometimes resulting in a display less sharp and more grainy than a non-PenTile display with the same resolution.

The organic materials used in AMOLED displays are very prone to degradation over a relatively short period of time, resulting in color shifts as one color fades faster than another, image persistence, or burn-in.

As of 2010, demand for AMOLED screens was high and, due to supply shortages of the Samsung-produced displays, certain models of HTC smartphones were changed to use next-generation LCD displays from the Samsung-Sony joint-venture SLCD in the future.

Flagship smartphones sold in 2020 and 2021 used either a Super AMOLED. Super AMOLED displays, such as the one on the Samsung Galaxy S21+ / S21 Ultra and Samsung Galaxy Note 20 Ultra have often been compared to IPS LCDs, found in phones such as the Xiaomi Mi 10T, Huawei Nova 5T, and Samsung Galaxy A20e.ABI Research, the AMOLED display found in the Motorola Moto X draws just 92 mA during bright conditions and 68 mA while dim.

"Super AMOLED" is a marketing term created by Samsung for an AMOLED display with an integrated touch screen digitizer: the layer that detects touch is integrated into the display, rather than overlaid on top of it and cannot be separated from the display itself. The display technology itself is not improved. According to Samsung, Super AMOLED reflects one-fifth as much sunlight as the first generation AMOLED.One Glass Solution (OGS).

Future displays exhibited from 2011 to 2013 by Samsung have shown flexible, 3D, transparent Super AMOLED Plus displays using very high resolutions and in varying sizes for phones. These unreleased prototypes use a polymer as a substrate removing the need for glass cover, a metal backing, and touch matrix, combining them into one integrated layer.

Also planned for the future are 3D stereoscopic displays that use eye-tracking (via stereoscopic front-facing cameras) to provide full resolution 3D visuals.

Kim, Yang Wan; Kwak, Won Kyu; Lee, Jae Yong; Choi, Wong Sik; Lee, Ki Yong; Kim, Sung Chul; Yoo, Eui Jin (2009). "40 Inch FHD AM-OLED Display with IR Drop Compensation Pixel Circuit". SID Symposium Digest of Technical Papers. 40: 85. doi:10.1889/1.3256930. S2CID 110871831.

Lee, Myung Ho; Seop, Song Myoung; Kim, Jong Soo; Hwang, Jung Ho; Shin, Hye Jin; Cho, Sang Kyun; Min, Kyoung Wook; Kwak, Won Kyu; Jung, Sun I; Kim, Chang Soo; Choi, Woong Sik; Kim, Sung Cheol; Yoo, Eu Jin (2009). "Development of 31-Inch Full-HD AMOLED TV Using LTPS-TFT and RGB FMM". SID Symposium Digest of Technical Papers. 40: 802. doi:10.1889/1.3256911. S2CID 110948118.

Hamer, John W.; Arnold, Andrew D.; Boroson, Michael L.; Itoh, Masahiro; Hatwar, Tukaram K.; Helber, Margaret J.; Miwa, Koichi; Levey, Charles I.; Long, Michael; Ludwicki, John E.; Scheirer, David C.; Spindler, Jeffrey P.; Van Slyke, Steven A. (2008). "System design for a wide-color-gamut TV-sized AMOLED display". Journal of the Society for Information Display. 16: 3. doi:10.1889/1.2835033. S2CID 62669850.

Lin, Chih-Lung; Chen, Yung-Chih (2007). "A Novel LTPS-TFT Pixel Circuit Compensating for TFT Threshold-Voltage Shift and OLED Degradation for AMOLED". IEEE Electron Device Letters. 28 (2): 129. Bibcode:2007IEDL...28..129L. doi:10.1109/LED.2006.889523. S2CID 11194344.

Sarma, Kalluri R.; Chanley, Charles; Dodd, Sonia R.; Roush, Jared; Schmidt, John; Srdanov, Gordana; Stevenson, Matthew; Wessel, Ralf; Innocenzo, Jeffrey; Yu, Gang; O"Regan, Marie B.; MacDonald, W. A.; Eveson, R.; Long, Ke; Gleskova, Helena; Wagner, Sigurd; Sturm, James C. (2003). "Active-matrix OLED using 150°C a-Si TFT backplane built on flexible plastic substrate (Proceedings Paper)". SPIE Proceedings. 5080: 180. doi:10.1117/12.497638. S2CID 12958469. "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 28 June 2011. Retrieved 2010-09-06.link)

Reid Chesterfield, Andrew Johnson, Charlie Lang, Matthew Stainer, and Jonathan Ziebarth, "Solution-Coating Technology for AMOLED Displays Archived 16 May 2011 at the Wayback Machine", Information Display Magazine, January 2011.

Dong, Mian; Choi, Yung-Seok Kevin; Zhong, Lin (2009). "Power modeling of graphical user interfaces on OLED displays". Proceedings of the 46th Annual Design Automation Conference on ZZZ - DAC "09. p. 652. doi:10.1145/1629911.1630084. ISBN 9781605584973. S2CID 442526.

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Ashtiani, Shahin J.; Reza Chaji, G.; Nathan, Arokia (2007). "AMOLED Pixel Circuit With Electronic Compensation of Luminance Degradation". Journal of Display Technology. 38 (1): 36. Bibcode:2007JDisT...3...36A. doi:10.1109/JDT.2006.890711. S2CID 44204246.

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The signature ULTRAMOTION, 120Hz, IGZO, Wide Color Gamut, 5.7-inch IPS LCD display (boy, that"s a mouthful) is making a return on the Razer Phone 2. This time around, it"s improved in some key areas, like, color accuracy (DCI-P3), contrast and brightness. One of our original issues with the Razer Phone and its usability as a daily driver was the 300 nit maximum brightness.

This came as a bit of a surprise, considering the IZGO technology, used in the advanced SHARP LCD panel. The thing you need to know about "indium gallium zinc oxide" or IGZO, is that it offers increased transparency in the TFT layer of the panel. Compared to your run-of-the-mill LCD panels, manufacturers can thus leverage IGZO technology to either boost the maximum brightness of a panel or lower the power consumption necessary to achieve some desired brightness level compared.

But the impressive display tech doesn"t stop there. For one, Razer claims its phone is the only one certified by Netflix for both HDR and 5.1 surround sound. 2018 might have seen quite a few players break ground in the new smartphone gaming hardware niche, but Razer"s display remains a unicorn, of sorts. Sure, certain Apple devices to have 120Hz panels and there is the ASUS ROG phone with its 90Hz unit, but, as any seasoned games will tell you, the high refresh rate is nothing if you can"t consistently deliver the equally high frame rate output to match it in perfect sync. Otherwise, you end up with stutters and tears. The answer is the adaptive refresh rate, which is what the ULTRAMOTION moniker stands for. In essence, it is quite similar to Nvidia G-Sync or AMD Freesync. At every given moment, the screen refresh rate adapts to match framerate that the GPU outputs resulting in an ultra smooth motion.

Razer is also pretty accommodating when it comes to user control over the various aspects of the display. Besides settings menus, the original Razer Phone had the GameBooster app, which allows tweaking performance profiles on a per-app basis. It is present here as well, but now part of a bigger and more powerful Razer Cortex Mobile suite. The full details for the platform are yet to be disclosed, but it promises to be a one-stop-shop for personalization of hardware, optimizing game settings manually or via cloud-hosted profiles.

While on the topic, Razer also allows resolution change. Natively, the display runs at QHD, but you can also set it to run at 1080p or even 270p. A lower resolution could be somewhat beneficial to overall battery endurance, in some case. But, unless you lock your refresh rate to a lower value, you will mostly allocate rendering resources away from detail and towards saturating that 120Hz refresh rate. If the game and its engine support going past 60fps, that is. This is still a grey area, but more and more titles are popping up with properly optimized graphics, that can really make use of the Razer Phone 2"s hardware.