lcd screen color quotation

Liquid crystal display (LCD) is a flat panel display that uses the light modulating properties of liquid crystals. Liquid crystals do not produce light directly, instead using a backlight or reflector to produce images in colour or monochrome.

Any kind of quote will do, but because the picture frame scrolls through the images that will contain the quotes it works best if you keep the quotes short. Longer quotes, although interesting, may not remain on screen long enough to be read. If you have a number of longer quotations, see "Some Final Notes" at the end of this instructable for tips that you can consider for longer display times.

Look at the sample images stored on your LCD picture frame. For my frame, all of the sample images were 856x480 pixels. To determine this, right click on the image file, and select Properties. You should see a number of tabs, one of which should be called “Details.” Click on the details tab; under Image you should see a width and height. Write this down or keep the window open, because we will use it to set up PowerPoint.

Take the smaller of the two numbers (usually the height), and divide that by the larger number. In my case, 480/856=0.5607. Checking the table below (which shows common screen image ratios), I can see that the native images on my LCD picture frame are just about in 16:9 format.

Open PowerPoint, and start a new presentation. On the ribbon, click Design, Page Setup. In the setup dialog box, select the image format that matches the native format of your LCD picture frame. We do this because it helps prevent the software driving the frame from cropping or stretching the images unnecessarily. Click Home on the ribbon.

At this point, your presentation should have two slides: The initial default title slide, and your newly inserted blank slide. Click on the first slide (the title slide), click your right mouse button, and select delete. You should be left with a single blank slide in your presentation, sized to the native image size of your LCD picture frame.

In many cases, the picture won’t fill the slide because it’s in a different format than the native format for the LCD picture frame. Thus, we’ll need to resize the image to fit. At the same time, we don’t want to distort the image either. Here’s the most straightforward approach:

Click Insert on the ribbon, and click on the text box button. Select a font, font color, and size that make the quote readable. Move to your word processing file with your quotes, highlight and copy the quotation you want to use, and then use "Paste Special, Unformatted Text" to paste the quotation into the text box.

4. My LCD picture frame doesn’t let you change the display time for pictures, and some of the transitions happen too quickly to allow you to read the entire quote. You can do what I did, which was to make two copies of every slide. PowerPoint is creative in its naming; the slides are called Slide1.jpg, Slide2.jpg, et cetera. I named my copies Slide1a.jpg, Slide2a.jpg. The file system sorts the original and the copy together when the files are named this way, so every quote is displayed twice with an intervening transition.

5. If you don’t have a lot slides suitable for quotes, consider visiting a site like Interface Lift, which has a wide range of images in a variety of formats for desktop wallpapers. Chances are, you’ll be able to find images in a format suitable for the native format of your LCD picture frame.

6. Finally, experiment with fonts and type colors. You can even use transparent fills in the text box to make the text stand out a bit more if your slide has a complex background.

When your project demands the imagery and definition of a full-color display, the Color LCD Screen modules available from Phoenix Display International provide a versatile solution to your color display needs. Available in a variety of sizes and capable of displaying a full range of color, the standard TFT color LCD display modules from Phoenix Display can be integrated into any number of projects in multiple applications. In addition, if one of our color LCD display modules doesn’t suit your needs, Phoenix Display can create a Custom LCD Display designed to your unique specifications.

If you’re looking into an outdoor application, Phoenix Display also has full Color TFT Display options in sunlight-readable or true transflective configurations to make you product shine even in the outdoor environment as well as the indoor showroom. And if touch screens are needed, we can use our standard or custom resistive and projected capacitive touch panels for any application.

Our TFT display modules are now Phoenix Display’s most popular Color LCD Screen technology, offering clients super image quality and vivid color reproduction in a versatile and dependable display module. Designed to meet the ever-growing need to display graphical content with high brightness, high contrast, and full-speed video capability, our full-Color LCD Screen modules are suited to handle today’s graphical display needs in stunning, lifelike color.

What are the influencing factors of led display quotation? When this product is quoted, there are mainly several influencing factors. First of all, the first influencing factor is the price of the screen. Everyone knows that there are many components in this screen. For example, there are chips in it. There are a series of components such as a power supply and a cabinet, so the screen itself has a cost, and if the material is different, the final price may be different. In addition to the screen, there is another important factor affecting the price of the led display screen is the control system. This second important influencing factor is also very critical, because a slightly more capable manufacturer can develop a better control system, and control through this system can make the screen more convenient to control. , It"s easier.

There are also some peripheral equipment. For example, a large display screen may be equipped with a power distribution cabinet, and it may also be equipped with air-conditioning for temperature control, and it may also be equipped with lightning protection facilities and equipment, etc., and these are also important to affect the quotation. factor. The next 4th important factor in the price of led display is screen playback software. Generally speaking, this playback software does not charge a fee. It is not much different from ordinary playback software, because this kind of display screen It can be used directly by plugging in the computer, so if you have playback software on your computer, there is no need for some manufacturers to develop a software by themselves, but this is all user-selectable, and it is not necessary if the user does not need it. A quotation will be generated, and no purchase will be made. Of course, the software developed by the manufacturer matches this screen better, so users can still choose the manufacturer"s original software if necessary.

The “gamut” of a display refers to the range of colours it can display, and for LCD monitors this is normally related to the backlight type that is used to light the screen from behind the LCD panel. There are several common reference colour spaces that you will no doubt have heard of, including the long-standing “sRGB” reference space and more recently adopted standards in the monitor market like DCI-P3 or Adobe RGB. This article will provide a hopefully simple overview of what colour gamut is, then take a top level look at the different ways to measure and quote this spec, without delving in to loads of overly technical or complicated information that might bore you too much. We will also talk about our newly improved testing methodology and equipment we will start to use for future reviews to enhance our accuracy and data we can report.

The CIE-1931 color space has worked well to enable accurate color reproduction in print and displays. Unfortunately, further study revealed that the severity of color differences, as perceived by humans, were non-uniform in the CIE-1931 color space. What that means is that for example two blue colours at a certain distance ‘v’ in the CIE-1931 color space will look more different to humans than two green colours at the same distance ‘v’. In 1976 a new color space, called CIE-1976, was introduced to fix this issue. The CIE-1976 color space, as shown above, was specifically designed to align uniformly with human perception. This is sometimes referred to as a “CIE-1976 u’v’ chromaticity diagram”. The CIE-1931 color space should no longer really be used, but today’s reality is that it is still prevalent throughout the industry.

Within this overall CIE area there are various standard colour spaces that have been defined over the years. In the display market these define a certain range of colours that the screen can produce and is related to the backlight of the screen, as opposed to the panel itself.

When discussing monitor colour gamut many manufacturers will quote how much of this sRGB space the screen can cover, with modern “standard gamut” LED backlights normally covering 97 – 100% of this reference space quite easily. It’s important for a screen to have good coverage of sRGB at least to ensure accurate colour reproduction and so that it can display the full range of colours it is supposed to, when viewing common sRGB-based content.

Many modern displays are now promoted as featuring “wide colour gamut” (WCG), being able to produce colours that are beyond the range of traditional “standard gamut” sRGB displays. This is achieved in a number of ways by enhancing the backlight with special treatments or films (e.g. Quantum Dot coating), or using certain backlight types in some cases such as RGB LED. The result is a screen that can offer more vivid and saturated colours that stretch beyond sRGB and try to confirm to other colour space standards, supporting content created and intended to be displayed in these wider colour spaces. Some common wide gamut reference spaces include:

In simplistic terms where high coverage of DCI-P3 is achieved, a user knows that it can offer wider colour range than a standard sRGB gamut screen, and will allow them to better display content that has been produced based on this standard. Modern HDR movies, videos and games are good examples of where DCI-P3 is used for creation, and where you ideally therefore need a DCI-P3 supporting screen to show them properly.

Many modern displays will therefore quote a DCI-P3 coverage %. Again you need to be careful of whether this is relative to CIE-1931 or 1976 and ideally you’d want it to be as close to 100% coverage as possible if you want to be able to accurately produce the intended colours from DCI-P3 content. Nowadays this DCI-P3 coverage provides a fairly useful comparison spec when comparing wide gamut screens, since sRGB is no longer wide enough unless you refer to over-coverage figures, which can sometimes be misleading or can get a bit silly.

The Adobe RGB (1998) color space was developed by Adobe Systems Inc. to improve upon the gamut of the sRGB color space in primarily cyan-green hues, for better conversion to the subtractive CMYK color model used by printers. It uses the same red and blue primaries as the sRGB color space, but the green primary is more saturated and also of a much deeper hue of green (sRGB uses a rather yellowish hue of green). This colour space is more commonly referred to with the more professional-orientated monitors aimed at printing, colour critical work etc. It doesn’t carry the “multimedia” connotations that DCI-P3 does and so is less widely used nowadays for many gaming and movie focused wide gamut screens.

The Rec. 2020 standard is actually more than just a color space. It is the standard for Ultra High Definition Television (UHD-TV), which also includes resolution, refresh rate and colour depth considerations. Focusing on the colour gamut side of things for the purposes of this article, the Rec. 2020 offers significant improvement over the Rec. 709 standard when it comes to the color gamut: nearly twice the size of its predecessor. It stretches considerably beyond Adobe RGB and DCI-P3 as well. This is not commonly used as a monitor spec at the moment, but expect this to become more widely quoted in the future as manufacturers reach beyond the now popular DCI-P3 reference, and look for new ways to promote and compare their wide gamut production.

One thing you will often see in specs and marketing is a colour gamut spec relative to sRGB, but quoted beyond 100%. We also currently provide this in our reviews as we feel it’s quite a useful comparison figure between different displays. For a wide gamut screen this basically shows how far beyond sRGB the colour space extends, so you will see figures such as 130% sRGB and so on quoted.

This is a reasonable spec to include for comparison as you could have one screen which has 120% sRGB for instance, compared with another that can do 160% sRGB. This tells you that the latter will have a wider colour range, and should offer more vivid and saturated colours. Some people like that added boost to colours, regardless of whether they are conforming to certain colour spaces or standard, or whether they are “accurate” for the content they are viewing. Some people just like the boosted and accentuated colours.

The problem with this over-coverage spec is that it could be a little misleading or prone to error. For instance in the example CIE-1976 space above you can see an example monitor gamut plotted against the sRGB reference. In this case the monitor goes beyond sRGB for the green and blue primaries, but just falls short for the red primary. The total area of the monitor gamut is bigger than sRGB, but reporting a >100% coverage for the sRGB standard would be technically incorrect because not all sRGB color can be accurately displayed.

Quoting an over-coverage of sRGB is technically possible only if the sRGB gamut is fully covered at 100% on it’s own. We will continue to provide some measurements and context in our reviews in this area in the future anyway as it can be a useful reference point to compare different screens.

The free VESA DisplayHDR test tool is a useful tool for some testing elements, but also provides some information read from the monitor EDID. Below for example is the report from the LG 38GL950G (a Native G-sync screen):

In some cases you might be able to put more faith in this information contained within the EDID. For instance we know that Native NVIDIA G-sync screens are factory colour calibrated as part of the strict NVIDIA process with highly accurate equipment and processes, and the information recorded in detail in the EDID. It is likely that many other non-G-sync screens might not update this EDID information accurately in the factory in this same way. There is a high chance some values could be average figures, desired/expected, or even just made up. As a result it’s always better to independently verify the results if you can with a highly accurate method, or refer to review sites who can do that for you in their testing.

We carried out the tests on the LG 38GL950Gwhich offers a wide colour gamut Nano IPS panel. It also has a working sRGB emulation mode. This is a Native G-sync module screen which also gives us a chance to sanity check the EDID information against our measurements which we believe should be accurate given the factory calibration and measurement process NVIDIA perform. We measured the screen with our new UPRtek device and gamut calculation tool as described above. The following results were obtained:

sRGB coverage – Firstly the manufacturer quotes a 135% sRGB coverage in an effort to provide a comparison point against other screens quoted in a similar way, so you can tell that it has an even wider colour space coverage than a screen that might be 120% sRGB for example. It also highlights the fact that it is a decent way beyond a normal “standard gamut” sRGB screen (typically quoted as 97 – 100% sRGB). We’ve talked earlier about whether or not quoting over-coverage in this way is appropriate or can lead to errors, but our view is that it’s a useful additional spec. In our original review we were able to confirm using our i1 Pro 2 device and ChromaPure software a 130.9% sRGB coverage so this was close to the spec. Measurement with the UPRtek spectroradiometer device and gamut calculation software will not allow over-coverage calculation in the same way, so we only confirm here that 100% coverage of the sRGB space is achieved regardless of whether you are considering CIE 1931 or 1976. This was not checked with our old method, as only an over-coverage spec was calculated, without consideration for if the sRGB gamut was covered exactly and fully. The UPRtek device allows us to confirm this more thoroughly. So in this instance, given 100% is covered, the 130.9% over-coverage spec is valid too. So we can summarise that the 38GL950G in its native wide gamut mode can successfully cover 100% of the sRGB reference, and extends beyond that to around 130.9% for comparison purposes with other screens.

The screen has an sRGB emulation mode as well which is designed to restrict the full backlight gamma and provide a more “standard gamut” appearance for those who might want to work with sRGB content, or avoid oversaturation or unrealistic colour tones for certain uses.

DCI-P3 coverage– In this sRGB emulation mode this greatly reduced the colour gamut of the screen. Our original method recorded 72.0% coverage, now more accurately calculated at 75.21% (CIE-1931 comparison) or 81.9% (CIE-1976). You can see why it’s important to know whether CIE-1931 or 1976 are being used in specs and measurements as the figures are very different. Again the new device offers improved accuracy.

The EDID information being reported by the screen is based on the native wide gamut mode based on the figures listed, and our own measurements. There is a very good correlation between the manufacturer provided stats in the EDID and our own measurements which is great news.

We carried out the same tests on the recently reviewed Asus ROG Swift PG329Q which had a particularly wide colour gamut. This is an adaptive-sync screen (i.e. not a Native G-sync module screen like the LG 38GL950G is) which also gives us a chance to sanity check the EDID information again and see whether that is accurate, or is less reliable than the NVIDIA calibrated EDID information from Native G-sync screens.

sRGB coverage – Firstly the manufacturer quotes a 160% sRGB coverage in an effort to provide a comparison point against other screens quoted in a similar way, so you can tell that it has an even wider colour space coverage than a screen that might be 130% sRGB for example. It also highlights the fact that it is a long way beyond a normal “standard gamut” sRGB screen (typically quoted as 97 – 100% sRGB). We’ve talked earlier about whether or not quoting over-coverage in this way is appropriate or can lead to errors, but our view is that it’s a useful additional spec. In our original review we were able to confirm using our i1 Pro 2 device and ChromaPure software a 157.4% sRGB coverage so this was close to the spec. Measurement with the UPRtek spectroradiometer device and gamut calculation software will not allow over-coverage calculation in the same way, so we only confirm here that 100% coverage of the sRGB space is achieved regardless of whether you are considering CIE 1931 or 1976. This was not checked with our old method, as only an over-coverage spec was calculated. The UPRtek device allows us to confirm this more thoroughly. So in this instance, given 100% is covered, the 157.4% over-coverage spec is valid too. So we can summarise that the PG329Q in its native wide gamut mode can successfully cover 100% of the sRGB reference, and extends beyond that to around 157.4%.

The screen has an sRGB emulation mode as well which is designed to restrict the full backlight gamma and provide a more “standard gamut” appearance for those who might want to work with sRGB content, or avoid oversaturation or unrealistic colour tones for certain uses.

DCI-P3 coverage– In this sRGB emulation mode this greatly reduced the colour gamut of the screen. Our original method recorded 70.2% coverage, now more accurately calculated at 73.1% (CIE-1931 comparison) or 79.9% (CIE-1976). You can see why it’s important to know whether CIE-1931 or 1976 are being used in specs and measurements as the figures are very different. Again the new device offers improved accuracy.

The EDID information being reported by the screen appears to be based on the sRGB mode based on the figures listed, and our own measurements. This is fair enough, although it means it can’t confirm the full native gamut figures for you which is probably the more common usage scenario than sRGB mode. There is however a pretty good correlation, within 2 – 3%) between the manufacturer provided stats in the EDID and our own measurements which is good news.

While modern wide gamut screens have their place when you consider modern HDR multimedia, games and professional content, they do present some challenges for the user. The problem is that a huge portion of the content we consume is still based on the sRGB standard, including Windows, the internet, most games, movies and normal SDR (Standard Dynamic Range) content. If you use a wide gamut screen with sRGB content then the colours get “stretched” and end up looking unnatural and inaccurate. Some people prefer the boosted vividness and more saturated colours anyway even for their day to day general SDR use, enjoying the “pop” of the colours and the bright and colourful appearance. Your average consumer may well not care about the accuracy and will be perfectly happy with the screen looking more colourful than others.

However the wider the colour gamut of the backlight is, the more potential this has to cause problems when viewing standard sRGB gamut content. Skin tones can look too red and sun-burnt, the sky can be artificially blue and plants and foliage can look too neon green and unrealistic. If you’re doing colour critical work, photo editing or are just concerned about the accuracy of the image then this is not good. What we need is a way to view sRGB content on a wide gamut screen without the wide colour gamut being forced.

One way to overcome this challenge in some cases is through correct calibration and profiling of the screen. Through the use of a calibration device and appropriate software you can profile the screen relative to the sRGB colour space and create an ICC profile. This profile is activated at the graphics card level and provides mapping corrections that can be read by “colour aware” applications such as leading photo editing software. This profile can tell the screen how to map the colour gamut of the backlight back to the sRGB reference space so that you can view sRGB content as intended.

Finally when you carry out this calibration ideally you want to be making as many changes and corrections to the screen itself at a hardware level, so that the graphics card ICC profile has as few corrections as possible to make. The more corrections you have to make at the graphics card level, the more risk there is of introducing issues like colour banding, tone crushing and loss of detail. Where a monitor provides plenty of options to change things like gamma, colour channels etc this is usually ok as you can get “most of the way there” with the OSD settings, before the profile completes the final corrections and the sRGB gamut mapping. If the screen is inflexible in OSD settings, you end up having to do more of the correction from the ICC profile and this can often lead to issues.

A better option is if you can hardware calibrate the display itself. This feature is usually reserved for high end colour critical and professional monitors, where access to the monitors Look Up Table (LUT) is available. You need a calibration tool and software of your own for this, but you can actually calibrate the screen at a hardware level as opposed to needing to use an ICC profile at the graphics card level. Generally the calibration software will automatically correct all the settings of the monitor and make all corrections to the hardware LUT, which ensures all the changes are being made to the monitor itself. When you carry out this process you can usually define the colour space you want to calibrate to, and so you can hardware calibrate the screen specifically to sRGB if you want.

This is more accurate and flexible than a software based ICC profile, helping ensure that tonal values are retained and there are no introduced issues like banding or loss of detail. The other major benefit with hardware calibration is that because the settings are saved to the monitor itself, this is active for all applications and uses. You don’t need to mess around with ICC profile usage, and the settings apply for games, movies and all software because its all being done from the display itself. Unfortunately this feature is reserved at the moment for higher end and professional grade screens so is not widely available to your average user.

Another useful way to overcome this challenge is by using a so-called “sRGB emulation mode”. This is provided on many wide gamut screens as a preset mode where the screen itself deliberately reduces or “clamps” the native wide gamut back to the sRGB reference space, or as close to it as possible. You will see us check the availability and performance of any sRGB emulation mode in our reviews.

This can often work well, helping reduce the colour gamut and providing a preset mode the user can easily switch to when viewing SDR and sRGB content. Quite often the display manufacturer will also include a factory calibration of this mode to ensure reliable gamma, colour temperature and colour accuracy out of the box. There is often a major limitation with these sRGB emulation modes though, and that relates to the flexibility of the OSD settings. We have found that annoyingly many sRGB emulation modes are designed to work only a pre-defined list of settings, and the user loses access normally to things like the gamma modes and RGB controls. This means that unless the screen is reliably set up out of the box you cannot easily correct anything at the hardware level. If the gamma curve is off, or the colour temperature is too warm or cool, you are a bit stuck. You can carry out a software profiling of the screen and create a calibrated ICC profile, but you are forced to try and make the corrections at the graphics card level which can often introduce issues with banding and loss of tonal values. Worse still are instances where the sRGB emulation mode has a locked brightness control, meaning you are stuck with whatever the manufacturer has decided is the right level, usually much too bright for normal use. We really dislike sRGB emulation modes that are restricted in this way. Ideally you’d have full access to the OSD controls, but at the very least we need access to the brightness control.

We will always penalise a display in our reviews if it is a wide gamut screen but there is no sRGB emulation mode, or if the mode is inflexible or unusable. Don’t take it for granted that every modern wide gamut display will feature this option. Even very recent displays like the Dell Alienware AW2721D and AW3821DW lack this mode from the display. The other thing to keep in mind is that the availability of this mode is rarely mentioned by the manufacturer on their spec pages, so it’s sometimes hard to know whether it will even be possible.

Going back to the colour space then, these sRGB emulation modes are usually pretty reliable and will help reduce the colour space of the screen nicely and bring it much closer to sRGB. This avoids the need for ICC profile mapping and like hardware LUT calibration, the mode is activated on the monitor itself so the settings are applicable system-wide across all content including games and movies.

This is fine if the EDID is reporting the native gamut as the colour space, which is normal, but we have seen examples like with the Asus ROG Swift PG329Q discussed above where the EDID instead reports the sRGB gamut. We do not have access to that screen any more to be able to test the impact of this AMD setting but it’s one to be wary of. It’s likely that the graphic card would realise the coordinates are sRGB and the setting would therefore not make any difference as it thinks it is sRGB standard gamut already. But that means that it would not be able to restrict the wide gamut to sRGB as it doesn’t realise it is wide gamut to start with. PCmonitors report that their testing on a broad range of screens suggests that this setting works well for wide gamut displays, clamping the gamut to sRGB when the feature is used. We will do some future testing ourselves on future wide gamut displays we review.

The setting is available in the AMD control panel display settings section as shown above. It is referred to in their software as “color temperature control” on the right hand side. This is usually defaulted to ‘disabled’ which is where you want it for sRGB emulation, but you normally have to enable and then disable it for it to kick in. In doing so you can normally see a noticeable change in the vividness of the red colours on this software on the sliders etc, giving you a visual indication that the screen has reverted from its native wide gamut mode to the AMD graphics card enabled sRGB emulation. Note that in older AMD graphics drivers there was a ‘Colour Temperature’ toggle that could be set to ‘Automatic’ rather than the default ‘6500K’ to achieve sRGB emulation. The good thing about this graphics card mode is that it is activated at a system level and so will apply to all applications, games and movies. It’s a simple and useful way to force an sRGB emulation even where you either can’t calibrate the screen yourself or where there is no useable or flexible sRGB emulation mode offered on the display.

We carried out some testing of this setting on the LG 38GL950G again. We left the screen in its native default ‘Gamer 1’ mode which uses the full wide gamut of the backlight. We then switched the AMD color temperature control setting on, and then back off which triggered a noticeable change in the red colours. We measured the gamut in both modes with our new method discussed in this article.

One thing to be mindful of is that you don’t want to use both the screen sRGB mode and the graphics card sRGB mode. What you do there is restrict the gamut on the display to sRGB first of all, but the graphics card still reads the EDID info which lists the wide gamut mode and adjusts things from there. You end up double-correcting and reducing the gamut too far as below:

Having a working sRGB emulation mode on a wide gamut screen is really important for many people. But what about other specific colour spaces? Most general consumer and gamer screens will run at their default native gamut and if you’re lucky may offer an sRGB emulation preset mode for standard gamut and SDR content. With backlight colour spaces seemingly being pushed all the time at the moment there may also be a need for some people to work specifically with other colour spaces for their content such as Adobe RGB or DCI-P3 for instance. If the native gamut of the backlight extends a long way beyond these reference spaces you could have the same problem that we’ve talked about above with sRGB.

Some professional grade screens might offer different preset modes designed to emulate other colour spaces, so you might have modes designed for usage with Adobe RGB or DCI-P3 for example. These might also carry their own factory calibrations for accuracy. Unfortunately like hardware calibration support these modes are restricted to high end professional grade screens and in the more mainstream multimedia market there just seems to be a push to get higher and higher gamut coverage numbers.

- TD1630-3 delivers touchscreen versatility, offering fantastic flexibility for retail or business settings. With advanced ergonomics, the display can tilt or layread more...

Dr Pan: Hello, Greg. TN is the abbreviation for Twisted Nematic. The main difference between TN, HTN, STN and FSTN LCD is the view angle. From the definition, the maximum view angle of TN LCD is 90°. Take this TN positive LCD for example. The view angle is 6 o’clock direction and it can be seen very clearly in the 6 o’clock direction and the front side.

When it is a positive and reflective display, it can display without LED backlight; when it is a positive and transmissive/ transflective display, it can’t display without LED backlight, the background color is grey and the letters are black.

When it is a negative and transmissive/ transflective display, it can’t display without LED backlight, the background color is purple-black, different colors from different view angle, and the color of the letters is the color of LED backlight.

By the way, no matter it is a positive or negative display, the background color is affected by the color of LED backlight on some level. That is why the color of LED backlight is usually white.

Theoretically, we can add a blue film to TN negative LCD, it may look like this. Actually, from our experience, no one has done it before since HTN or STN negative LCD with blue background looks better with wider view angle.

TN LCD is the most commonly used since it is the cheapest. The maximum COM is 4, so it can’t display too many segments, and it can’t be used in the high end devices. But it performs very well in the simple display content: calculator and alarm clock.

1.Adopt industrial LCD screen, high native resolution of 1024*768, High contrast and brightness, wide viewing angle, which greatly improve the image layering.

Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) screens are a staple in the digital display marketplace and are used in display applications across every industry. With every display application presenting a unique set of requirements, the selection of specialized LCDs has grown to meet these demands.

LCD screens can be grouped into three categories: TN (twisted nematic), IPS (in-plane switching), and VA (Vertical Alignment). Each of these screen types has its own unique qualities, almost all of them having to do with how images appear across the various screen types.

This technology consists of nematic liquid crystal sandwiched between two plates of glass. When power is applied to the electrodes, the liquid crystals twist 90°. TN (Twisted Nematic) LCDs are the most common LCD screen type. They offer full-color images, and moderate viewing angles.

TN LCDs maintain a dedicated user base despite other screen types growing in popularity due to some unique key features that TN display offer. For one,

VA, also known as Multi-Domain Vertical Alignment (MVA) dislays offer features found in both TN and IPS screens. The Pixels in VA displays align vertically to the glass substrate when voltage is applied, allowing light to pass through.

Displays with VA screens deliver wide viewing angles, high contrast, and good color reproduction. They maintain high response rates similar to TN TFTs but may not reach the same sunlight readable brightness levels as comparable TN or IPS LCDs. VA displays are generally best for applications that need to be viewed from multiple angles, like digital signage in a commercial setting.

IPS (In-Plane Switching) technology improves image quality by acting on the liquid crystal inside the display screen. When voltage is applied, the crystals rotate parallel (or “in-plane”) rather than upright to allow light to pass through. This behavior results in several significant improvements to the image quality of these screens.

IPS is superior in contrast, brightness, viewing angles, and color representation compared to TN screens. Images on screen retain their quality without becoming washed out or distorted, no matter what angle they’re viewed from. Because of this, viewers have the flexibility to view content on the screen from almost anywhere rather than having to look at the display from a front-center position.

Based on current trends, IPS and TN screen types will be expected to remain the dominant formats for some time. As human interface display technology advances and new product designs are developed, customers will likely choose IPS LCDs to replace the similarly priced TN LCDs for their new projects.

EIZO FlexScan S1921 19 Inch Color LCD Monitor. This model offers good cost performance for office or home work and comes with a high contrast ratio, energy-saving brightness sensor, choice of stands, and optional audio capability. Two functions ensure stable brightness which is necessary for the proper display of color. The first is drift correction circuit that quickly stabilizes the brightness level after startup or coming out of power saving mode. The second is an ambient brightness sensor called "BrightRegulator" that detects changes in the ambient brightness and signals the backlight to adjust the screen brightness accordingly so it is never too dark or too bright. With both DVI-D and D-Sub mini 15-pin inputs, you can use a computer that has either a digital or an analog graphics board (or both if connected to two computers), and quickly switch between the inputs via a front panel button. The "extended" FlexScan S1921-X offers features for corporate and small offices such as a preset mode that simulates printed paper and an on-screen index that displays power and CO2 savings.

Every iPhone LCD screen would go through 43 processes tests and elevate out 2nd first-class inspection to assure all the functions well according to our standards before logistics.

Glass substrate with ITO electrodes. The shapes of these electrodes will determine the shapes that will appear when the LCD is switched ON. Vertical ridges etched on the surface are smooth.

A liquid-crystal display (LCD) is a flat-panel display or other electronically modulated optical device that uses the light-modulating properties of liquid crystals combined with polarizers. Liquid crystals do not emit light directlybacklight or reflector to produce images in color or monochrome.seven-segment displays, as in a digital clock, are all good examples of devices with these displays. They use the same basic technology, except that arbitrary images are made from a matrix of small pixels, while other displays have larger elements. LCDs can either be normally on (positive) or off (negative), depending on the polarizer arrangement. For example, a character positive LCD with a backlight will have black lettering on a background that is the color of the backlight, and a character negative LCD will have a black background with the letters being of the same color as the backlight. Optical filters are added to white on blue LCDs to give them their characteristic appearance.

LCDs are used in a wide range of applications, including LCD televisions, computer monitors, instrument panels, aircraft cockpit displays, and indoor and outdoor signage. Small LCD screens are common in LCD projectors and portable consumer devices such as digital cameras, watches, digital clocks, calculators, and mobile telephones, including smartphones. LCD screens are also used on consumer electronics products such as DVD players, video game devices and clocks. LCD screens have replaced heavy, bulky cathode-ray tube (CRT) displays in nearly all applications. LCD screens are available in a wider range of screen sizes than CRT and plasma displays, with LCD screens available in sizes ranging from tiny digital watches to very large television receivers. LCDs are slowly being replaced by OLEDs, which can be easily made into different shapes, and have a lower response time, wider color gamut, virtually infinite color contrast and viewing angles, lower weight for a given display size and a slimmer profile (because OLEDs use a single glass or plastic panel whereas LCDs use two glass panels; the thickness of the panels increases with size but the increase is more noticeable on LCDs) and potentially lower power consumption (as the display is only "on" where needed and there is no backlight). OLEDs, however, are more expensive for a given display size due to the very expensive electroluminescent materials or phosphors that they use. Also due to the use of phosphors, OLEDs suffer from screen burn-in and there is currently no way to recycle OLED displays, whereas LCD panels can be recycled, although the technology required to recycle LCDs is not yet widespread. Attempts to maintain the competitiveness of LCDs are quantum dot displays, marketed as SUHD, QLED or Triluminos, which are displays with blue LED backlighting and a Quantum-dot enhancement film (QDEF) that converts part of the blue light into red and green, offering similar performance to an OLED display at a lower price, but the quantum dot layer that gives these displays their characteristics can not yet be recycled.

Since LCD screens do not use phosphors, they rarely suffer image burn-in when a static image is displayed on a screen for a long time, e.g., the table frame for an airline flight schedule on an indoor sign. LCDs are, however, susceptible to image persistence.battery-powered electronic equipment more efficiently than a CRT can be. By 2008, annual sales of televisions with LCD screens exceeded sales of CRT units worldwide, and the CRT became obsolete for most purposes.

Each pixel of an LCD typically consists of a layer of molecules aligned between two transparent electrodes, often made of Indium-Tin oxide (ITO) and two polarizing filters (parallel and perpendicular polarizers), the axes of transmission of which are (in most of the cases) perpendicular to each other. Without the liquid crystal between the polarizing filters, light passing through the first filter would be blocked by the second (crossed) polarizer. Before an electric field is applied, the orientation of the liquid-crystal molecules is determined by the alignment at the surfaces of electrodes. In a twisted nematic (TN) device, the surface alignment directions at the two electrodes are perpendicular to each other, and so the molecules arrange themselves in a helical structure, or twist. This induces the rotation of the polarization of the incident light, and the device appears gray. If the applied voltage is large enough, the liquid crystal molecules in the center of the layer are almost completely untwisted and the polarization of the incident light is not rotated as it passes through the liquid crystal layer. This light will then be mainly polarized perpendicular to the second filter, and thus be blocked and the pixel will appear black. By controlling the voltage applied across the liquid crystal layer in each pixel, light can be allowed to pass through in varying amounts thus constituting different levels of gray.

The chemical formula of the liquid crystals used in LCDs may vary. Formulas may be patented.Sharp Corporation. The patent that covered that specific mixture expired.

Most color LCD systems use the same technique, with color filters used to generate red, green, and blue subpixels. The LCD color filters are made with a photolithography process on large glass sheets that are later glued with other glass sheets containing a TFT array, spacers and liquid crystal, creating several color LCDs that are then cut from one another and laminated with polarizer sheets. Red, green, blue and black photoresists (resists) are used. All resists contain a finely ground powdered pigment, with particles being just 40 nanometers across. The black resist is the first to be applied; this will create a black grid (known in the industry as a black matrix) that will separate red, green and blue subpixels from one another, increasing contrast ratios and preventing light from leaking from one subpixel onto other surrounding subpixels.Super-twisted nematic LCD, where the variable twist between tighter-spaced plates causes a varying double refraction birefringence, thus changing the hue.

LCD in a Texas Instruments calculator with top polarizer removed from device and placed on top, such that the top and bottom polarizers are perpendicular. As a result, the colors are inverted.

The optical effect of a TN device in the voltage-on state is far less dependent on variations in the device thickness than that in the voltage-off state. Because of this, TN displays with low information content and no backlighting are usually operated between crossed polarizers such that they appear bright with no voltage (the eye is much more sensitive to variations in the dark state than the bright state). As most of 2010-era LCDs are used in television sets, monitors and smartphones, they have high-resolution matrix arrays of pixels to display arbitrary images using backlighting with a dark background. When no image is displayed, different arrangements are used. For this purpose, TN LCDs are operated between parallel polarizers, whereas IPS LCDs feature crossed polarizers. In many applications IPS LCDs have replaced TN LCDs, particularly in smartphones. Both the liquid crystal material and the alignment layer material contain ionic compounds. If an electric field of one particular polarity is applied for a long period of time, this ionic material is attracted to the surfaces and degrades the device performance. This is avoided either by applying an alternating current or by reversing the polarity of the electric field as the device is addressed (the response of the liquid crystal layer is identical, regardless of the polarity of the applied field).

Displays for a small number of individual digits or fixed symbols (as in digital watches and pocket calculators) can be implemented with independent electrodes for each segment.alphanumeric or variable graphics displays are usually implemented with pixels arranged as a matrix consisting of electrically connected rows on one side of the LC layer and columns on the other side, which makes it possible to address each pixel at the intersections. The general method of matrix addressing consists of sequentially addressing one side of the matrix, for example by selecting the rows one-by-one and applying the picture information on the other side at the columns row-by-row. For details on the various matrix addressing schemes see passive-matrix and active-matrix addressed LCDs.

LCDs, along with OLED displays, are manufactured in cleanrooms borrowing techniques from semiconductor manufacturing and using large sheets of glass whose size has increased over time. Several displays are manufactured at the same time, and then cut from the sheet of glass, also known as the mother glass or LCD glass substrate. The increase in size allows more displays or larger displays to be made, just like with increasing wafer sizes in semiconductor manufacturing. The glass sizes are as follows:

Until Gen 8, manufacturers would not agree on a single mother glass size and as a result, different manufacturers would use slightly different glass sizes for the same generation. Some manufacturers have adopted Gen 8.6 mother glass sheets which are only slightly larger than Gen 8.5, allowing for more 50 and 58 inch LCDs to be made per mother glass, specially 58 inch LCDs, in which case 6 can be produced on a Gen 8.6 mother glass vs only 3 on a Gen 8.5 mother glass, significantly reducing waste.AGC Inc., Corning Inc., and Nippon Electric Glass.

In 1888,Friedrich Reinitzer (1858–1927) discovered the liquid crystalline nature of cholesterol extracted from carrots (that is, two melting points and generation of colors) and published his findings at a meeting of the Vienna Chemical Society on May 3, 1888 (F. Reinitzer: Beiträge zur Kenntniss des Cholesterins, Monatshefte für Chemie (Wien) 9, 421–441 (1888)).Otto Lehmann published his work "Flüssige Kristalle" (Liquid Crystals). In 1911, Charles Mauguin first experimented with liquid crystals confined between plates in thin layers.

In 1922, Georges Friedel described the structure and properties of liquid crystals and classified them in three types (nematics, smectics and cholesterics). In 1927, Vsevolod Frederiks devised the electrically switched light valve, called the Fréedericksz transition, the essential effect of all LCD technology. In 1936, the Marconi Wireless Telegraph company patented the first practical application of the technology, "The Liquid Crystal Light Valve". In 1962, the first major English language publication Molecular Structure and Properties of Liquid Crystals was published by Dr. George W. Gray.RCA found that liquid crystals had some interesting electro-optic characteristics and he realized an electro-optical effect by generating stripe-patterns in a thin layer of liquid crystal material by the application of a voltage. This effect is based on an electro-hydrodynamic instability forming what are now called "Williams domains" inside the liquid crystal.

In 1964, George H. Heilmeier, then working at the RCA laboratories on the effect discovered by Williams achieved the switching of colors by field-induced realignment of dichroic dyes in a homeotropically oriented liquid crystal. Practical problems with this new electro-optical effect made Heilmeier continue to work on scattering effects in liquid crystals and finally the achievement of the first operational liquid-crystal display based on what he called the George H. Heilmeier was inducted in the National Inventors Hall of FameIEEE Milestone.

In the late 1960s, pioneering work on liquid crystals was undertaken by the UK"s Royal Radar Establishment at Malvern, England. The team at RRE supported ongoing work by George William Gray and his team at the University of Hull who ultimately discovered the cyanobiphenyl liquid crystals, which had correct stability and temperature properties for application in LCDs.

The idea of a TFT-based liquid-crystal display (LCD) was conceived by Bernard Lechner of RCA Laboratories in 1968.dynamic scattering mode (DSM) LCD that used standard discrete MOSFETs.

On December 4, 1970, the twisted nematic field effect (TN) in liquid crystals was filed for patent by Hoffmann-LaRoche in Switzerland, (Swiss patent No. 532 261) with Wolfgang Helfrich and Martin Schadt (then working for the Central Research Laboratories) listed as inventors.Brown, Boveri & Cie, its joint venture partner at that time, which produced TN displays for wristwatches and other applications during the 1970s for the international markets including the Japanese electronics industry, which soon produced the first digital quartz wristwatches with TN-LCDs and numerous other products. James Fergason, while working with Sardari Arora and Alfred Saupe at Kent State University Liquid Crystal Institute, filed an identical patent in the United States on April 22, 1971.ILIXCO (now LXD Incorporated), produced LCDs based on the TN-effect, which soon superseded the poor-quality DSM types due to improvements of lower operating voltages and lower power consumption. Tetsuro Hama and Izuhiko Nishimura of Seiko received a US patent dated February 1971, for an electronic wristwatch incorporating a TN-LCD.

In 1972, the concept of the active-matrix thin-film transistor (TFT) liquid-crystal display panel was prototyped in the United States by T. Peter Brody"s team at Westinghouse, in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.Westinghouse Research Laboratories demonstrated the first thin-film-transistor liquid-crystal display (TFT LCD).high-resolution and high-quality electronic visual display devices use TFT-based active matrix displays.active-matrix liquid-crystal display (AM LCD) in 1974, and then Brody coined the term "active matrix" in 1975.

In 1972 North American Rockwell Microelectronics Corp introduced the use of DSM LCDs for calculators for marketing by Lloyds Electronics Inc, though these required an internal light source for illumination.Sharp Corporation followed with DSM LCDs for pocket-sized calculators in 1973Seiko and its first 6-digit TN-LCD quartz wristwatch, and Casio"s "Casiotron". Color LCDs based on Guest-Host interaction were invented by a team at RCA in 1968.TFT LCDs similar to the prototypes developed by a Westinghouse team in 1972 were patented in 1976 by a team at Sharp consisting of Fumiaki Funada, Masataka Matsuura, and Tomio Wada,

In 1983, researchers at Brown, Boveri & Cie (BBC) Research Center, Switzerland, invented the passive matrix-addressed LCDs. H. Amstutz et al. were listed as inventors in the corresponding patent applications filed in Switzerland on July 7, 1983, and October 28, 1983. Patents were granted in Switzerland CH 665491, Europe EP 0131216,

The first color LCD televisions were developed as handheld televisions in Japan. In 1980, Hattori Seiko"s R&D group began development on color LCD pocket televisions.Seiko Epson released the first LCD television, the Epson TV Watch, a wristwatch equipped with a small active-matrix LCD television.dot matrix TN-LCD in 1983.Citizen Watch,TFT LCD.computer monitors and LCD televisions.3LCD projection technology in the 1980s, and licensed it for use in projectors in 1988.compact, full-color LCD projector.

In 1990, under different titles, inventors conceived electro optical effects as alternatives to twisted nematic field effect LCDs (TN- and STN- LCDs). One approach was to use interdigital electrodes on one glass substrate only to produce an electric field essentially parallel to the glass substrates.Germany by Guenter Baur et al. and patented in various countries.Hitachi work out various practical details of the IPS technology to interconnect the thin-film transistor array as a matrix and to avoid undesirable stray fields in between pixels.

Hitachi also improved the viewing angle dependence further by optimizing the shape of the electrodes (Super IPS). NEC and Hitachi become early manufacturers of active-matrix addressed LCDs based on the IPS technology. This is a milestone for implementing large-screen LCDs having acceptable visual performance for flat-panel computer monitors and television screens. In 1996, Samsung developed the optical patterning technique that enables multi-domain LCD. Multi-domain and In Plane Switching subsequently remain the dominant LCD designs through 2006.South Korea and Taiwan,

In 2007 the image quality of LCD televisions surpassed the image quality of cathode-ray-tube-based (CRT) TVs.LCD TVs were projected to account 50% of the 200 million TVs to be shipped globally in 2006, according to Displaybank.Toshiba announced 2560 × 1600 pixels on a 6.1-inch (155 mm) LCD panel, suitable for use in a tablet computer,transparent and flexible, but they cannot emit light without a backlight like OLED and microLED, which are other technologies that can also be made flexible and transparent.

In 2016, Panasonic developed IPS LCDs with a contrast ratio of 1,000,000:1, rivaling OLEDs. This technology was later put into mass production as dual layer, dual panel or LMCL (Light Modulating Cell Layer) LCDs. The technology uses 2 liquid crystal layers instead of one, and may be used along with a mini-LED backlight and quantum dot sheets.

Since LCDs produce no light of their own, they require external light to produce a visible image.backlight. Active-matrix LCDs are almost always backlit.Transflective LCDs combine the features of a backlit transmissive display and a reflective display.

CCFL: The LCD panel is lit either by two cold cathode fluorescent lamps placed at opposite edges of the display or an array of parallel CCFLs behind larger displays. A diffuser (made of PMMA acrylic plastic, also known as a wave or light guide/guiding plateinverter to convert whatever DC voltage the device uses (usually 5 or 12 V) to ≈1000 V needed to light a CCFL.

EL-WLED: The LCD panel is lit by a row of white LEDs placed at one or more edges of the screen. A light diffuser (light guide plate, LGP) is then used to spread the light evenly across the whole display, similarly to edge-lit CCFL LCD backlights. The diffuser is made out of either PMMA plastic or special glass, PMMA is used in most cases because it is rugged, while special glass is used when the thickness of the LCD is of primary concern, because it doesn"t expand as much when heated or exposed to moisture, which allows LCDs to be just 5mm thick. Quantum dots may be placed on top of the diffuser as a quantum dot enhancement film (QDEF, in which case they need a layer to be protected from heat and humidity) or on the color filter of the LCD, replacing the resists that are normally used.

WLED array: The LCD panel is lit by a full array of white LEDs placed behind a diffuser behind the panel. LCDs that use this implementation will usually have the ability to dim or completely turn off the LEDs in the dark areas of the image being displayed, effectively increasing the contrast ratio of the display. The precision with which this can be done will depend on the number of dimming zones of the display. The more dimming zones, the more precise the dimming, with less obvious blooming artifacts which are visible as dark grey patches surrounded by the unlit areas of the LCD. As of 2012, this design gets most of its use from upscale, larger-screen LCD televisions.

RGB-LED array: Similar to the WLED array, except the panel is lit by a full array of RGB LEDs. While displays lit with white LEDs usually have a poorer color gamut than CCFL lit displays, panels lit with RGB LEDs have very wide color gamuts. This implementation is most popular on professional graphics editing LCDs. As of 2012, LCDs in this category usually cost more than $1000. As of 2016 the cost of this category has drastically reduced and such LCD televisions obtained same price levels as the former 28" (71 cm) CRT based categories.

Monochrome LEDs: such as red, green, yellow or blue LEDs are used in the small passive monochrome LCDs typically used in clocks, watches and small appliances.

Today, most LCD screens are being designed with an LED backlight instead of the traditional CCFL backlight, while that backlight is dynamically controlled with the video information (dynamic backlight control). The combination with the dynamic backlight control, invented by Philips researchers Douglas Stanton, Martinus Stroomer and Adrianus de Vaan, simultaneously increases the dynamic range of the display system (also marketed as HDR, high dynamic range television or FLAD, full-area local area dimming).

The LCD backlight systems are made highly efficient by applying optical films such as prismatic structure (prism sheet) to gain the light into the desired viewer directions and reflective polarizing films that recycle the polarized light that was formerly absorbed by the first polarizer of the LCD (invented by Philips researchers Adrianus de Vaan and Paulus Schaareman),

Due to the LCD layer that generates the desired high resolution images at flashing video speeds using very low power electronics in combination with LED based backlight technologies, LCD technology has become the dominant display technology for products such as televisions, desktop monitors, notebooks, tablets, smartphones and mobile phones. Although competing OLED technology is pushed to the market, such OLED displays do not feature the HDR capabilities like LCDs in combination with 2D LED backlight technologies have, reason why the annual market of such LCD-based products is still growing faster (in volume) than OLED-based products while the efficiency of LCDs (and products like portable computers, mobile phones and televisions) may even be further improved by preventing the light to be absorbed in the colour filters of the LCD.

A pink elastomeric connector mating an LCD panel to circuit board traces, shown next to a centimeter-scale ruler. The conductive and insulating layers in the black stripe are very small.

A standard television receiver screen, a modern LCD panel, has over six million pixels, and they are all individually powered by a wire network embedded in the screen. The fine wires, or pathways, form a grid with vertical wires across the whole screen on one side of the screen and horizontal wires across the whole screen on the other side of the screen. To this grid each pixel has a positive connection on one side and a negative connection on the other side. So the total amount of wires needed for a 1080p display is 3 x 1920 going vertically and 1080 going horizontally for a total of 6840 wires horizontally and vertically. That"s three for red, green and blue and 1920 columns of pixels for each color for a total of 5760 wires going vertically and 1080 rows of wires going horizontally. For a panel that is 28.8 inches (73 centimeters) wide, that means a wire density of 200 wires per inch along the horizontal edge.

The LCD panel is powered by LCD drivers that are carefully matched up with the edge of the LCD panel at the factory level. The drivers may be installed using several methods, the most common of which are COG (Chip-On-Glass) and TAB (Tape-automated bonding) These same principles apply also for smartphone screens that are much smaller than TV screens.anisotropic conductive film or, for lower densities, elastomeric connectors.

Monochrome and later color passive-matrix LCDs were standard in most early laptops (although a few used plasma displaysGame Boyactive-matrix became standard on all laptops. The commercially unsuccessful Macintosh Portable (released in 1989) was one of the first to use an active-matrix display (though still monochrome). Passive-matrix LCDs are still used in the 2010s for applications less demanding than laptop computers and TVs, such as inexpensive calculators. In particular, these are used on portable devices where less information content needs to be displayed, lowest power consumption (no backlight) and low cost are desired or readability in direct sunlight is needed.

A comparison between a blank passive-matrix display (top) and a blank active-matrix display (bottom). A passive-matrix display can be identified when the blank background is more grey in appearance than the crisper active-matrix display, fog appears on all edges of the screen, a