hdmi powered lcd screen free sample

Insert the TF Card to Raspberry Pi, connect the Raspberry Pi and LCD by HDMI cable; connect USB cable to one of the four USB ports of Raspberry Pi, and connect the other end of the USB cable to the USB port of the LCD; then supply power to Raspberry Pi; after that if the display and touch both are OK, it means drive successfully (please use the full 2A for power supply).

After execution, the driver will be installed. The system will automatically restart, and the display screen will rotate 90 degrees to display and touch normally.

It"s the perfect DIY screen for makers and content creators. No subscriptions, and no proprietary software is required to display creative engaging content or advertisements! The base of the Digital Signage display is empty for you to install the media player of your choice.

The CAME-TV Digital Signage screen can be powered from any 5V USB source using a Type-C USB connection. This means you can insert a portable USB battery into the case to power your screen at any location. Or if you need the screen to run longer, you can add your own USB cable to wall adapter.

With a full size HDMI Type A input the screen can be connected to any media player. Small media players such as a Chromecast, Amazon Firestick, or Rasberry Pi can be used and stored inside of the base. With an HDMI adapter you can even plug in an Android smartphone, iPod Touch, or iPhone to play videos or photos.

The 16:10 aspect ratio HD screen resolution is 800(width) x 1280(height) when viewed vertically, has a brightness of 400cd/m2, and a contrast ratio of 900:1.

Please note that the LCD Screen inside the frame is mounted vertically inside of the case. Normal videos or photos will be displayed sideways, so prior to displaying, all photos or videos should be rotated. When creating photos or videos, the optimal size is 800 pixels wide by 1280 pixels in height. Images and videos shouuld be rotated clockwise by 90 degrees and then saved / exported so that they display correctly in the Digital Signage screen.

7 inch mini HDMI monitor with HD 1024x600 resolution. This small LCD screen upgrades to IPS screen with larger visible angle and better image quality.

Plug and play, as easy as plugging micro USB cable for touch and power supply, HDMI cable for displaying, both cables included in the package, no driver needed.

The USB capacitive touch control is for Windows and raspberry pi system, free-driver, just connect the 7” screen by the USB port of the computer/ Raspberry Pi.

Can be used as a general-purpose 7 inch HDMI screen connected to your TV box, game console, or mounted inside your PC case as temperature stat panel display, etc.

Supports PC with HDMI port:Used as a small second monitor for laptop which has Win7, Win8, Win10 system, 5 point touch (XP and older version system: single-point touch), free drive.

Supports PC with HDMI port:Used as a small second monitor for laptop which has Win7, Win8, Win10 system, 5 point touch (XP and older version system: single-point touch), free drive.

Connected to RPI 4: Connect to HDMI 0 port when working with Raspberry Pi 4.(Just power the screen by the USB port of the pi if you want to get the touch function available)

Connected to RPI 4:Connect to HDMI 0 port when working with Raspberry Pi 4.(Just power the screen by the USB port of the pi if you want to get the touch function available)

High-Definition Multimedia Interface (HDMI) is a proprietary audio/video interface for transmitting uncompressed video data and compressed or uncompressed digital audio data from an HDMI-compliant source device, such as a display controller, to a compatible computer monitor, video projector, digital television, or digital audio device.analog video standards.

HDMI implements the EIA/CEA-861 standards, which define video formats and waveforms, transport of compressed and uncompressed LPCM audio, auxiliary data, and implementations of the VESA EDID.: p. III CEA-861 signals carried by HDMI are electrically compatible with the CEA-861 signals used by the Digital Visual Interface (DVI). No signal conversion is necessary, nor is there a loss of video quality when a DVI-to-HDMI adapter is used.: §C The Consumer Electronics Control (CEC) capability allows HDMI devices to control each other when necessary and allows the user to operate multiple devices with one handheld remote control device.: §6.3

Several versions of HDMI have been developed and deployed since the initial release of the technology, occasionally introducing new connectors with smaller form factors, but all versions still use the same basic pinout and are compatible with all connector types and cables. Other than improved audio and video capacity, performance, resolution and color spaces, newer versions have optional advanced features such as 3D, Ethernet data connection, and CEC extensions.

Production of consumer HDMI products started in late 2003.HDCP or HDMI is included in the HD ready in-store labeling specification for TV sets for HDTV, formulated by EICTA with SES Astra in 2005. HDMI began to appear on consumer HDTVs in 2004 and camcorders and digital still cameras in 2006.

The HDMI founders were Hitachi, Panasonic, Philips, Silicon Image, Sony, Thomson, and Toshiba.HDCP (which was developed by Intel) for HDMI.Fox, Universal, Warner Bros. and Disney, along with system operators DirecTV, EchoStar (Dish Network) and CableLabs.

The HDMI founders began development on HDMI 1.0 on April 16, 2002, with the goal of creating an AV connector that was backward-compatible with DVI.Y′CBCR capability and consumer electronics control functions.

The first Authorized Testing Center (ATC), which tests HDMI products, was opened by Silicon Image on June 23, 2003, in California, United States.Panasonic on May 1, 2004, in Osaka.Philips on May 25, 2005, in Caen, France.

According to In-Stat, the number of HDMI devices sold was 5 million in 2004, 17.4 million in 2005, 63 million in 2006, and 143 million in 2007.de facto standard for HDTVs, and according to In-Stat, around 90% of digital televisions in 2007 included HDMI.consumer electronics and PC companies that had adopted the HDMI specification (HDMI adopters).

On January 28, 2008, In-Stat reported that shipments of HDMI were expected to exceed those of DVI in 2008, driven primarily by the consumer electronics market.

On October 25, 2011, the HDMI Forum was established by the HDMI founders to create an open organization so that interested companies can participate in the development of the HDMI specification.US$15,000 with an additional annual fee of $5,000 for those companies who serve on the Board of Directors.

On January 8, 2013, HDMI Licensing, LLC announced that there were over 1,300 HDMI adopters and that over 3 billion HDMI devices had shipped since the launch of the HDMI standard.

The HDMI specification defines the protocols, signals, electrical interfaces and mechanical requirements of the standard.: p. V The maximum pixel clock rate for HDMI 1.0 is 165 MHz, which is sufficient to allow 1080p and WUXGA (1920×1200) at 60Hz. HDMI 1.3 increases that to 340 MHz, which allows for higher resolution (such as WQXGA, 2560×1600) across a single digital link.

HDMI uses the Consumer Electronics Association/Electronic Industries Alliance 861 standards. HDMI 1.0 to HDMI 1.2a uses the EIA/CEA-861-B video standard, HDMI 1.3 uses the CEA-861-D video standard, and HDMI 1.4 uses the CEA-861-E video standard.: p. III The CEA-861-E document defines "video formats and waveforms; colorimetry and quantization; transport of compressed and uncompressed LPCM audio; carriage of auxiliary data; and implementations of the Video Electronics Standards Association (VESA) Enhanced Extended Display Identification Data Standard (E-EDID)".Ultra HD video formats and additional color spaces.

To ensure baseline compatibility between different HDMI sources and displays (as well as backward compatibility with the electrically compatible DVI standard) all HDMI devices must implement the sRGB color space at 8 bits per component.: §6.2.3 Ability to use the Y′CBCR color space and higher color depths ("deep color") is optional. HDMI permits sRGB 4:4:4 chroma subsampling (8–16 bits per component), xvYCC 4:4:4 chroma subsampling (8–16 bits per component), Y′CBCR 4:4:4 chroma subsampling (8–16 bits per component), or Y′CBCR 4:2:2 chroma subsampling (8–12 bits per component). The color spaces that can be used by HDMI are ITU-R BT.601, ITU-R BT.709-5 and IEC 61966-2-4.: §§6.5,6.7.2

For digital audio, if an HDMI device has audio, it is required to implement the baseline format: stereo (uncompressed) PCM. Other formats are optional, with HDMI allowing up to 8 channels of uncompressed audio at sample sizes of 16 bits, 20 bits, or 24 bits, with sample rates of 32kHz, 44.1kHz, 48kHz, 88.2kHz, 96kHz, 176.4kHz, or 192kHz.: §7 HDMI also carries any IEC 61937-compliant compressed audio stream, such as Dolby Digital and DTS, and up to 8 channels of one-bit DSD audio (used on Super Audio CDs) at rates up to four times that of Super Audio CD.: §7 With version 1.3, HDMI allows lossless compressed audio streams Dolby TrueHD and DTS-HD Master Audio.: §7 As with the Y′CBCR video, audio capability is optional. Audio return channel (ARC) is a feature introduced in the HDMI 1.4 standard.

The HDMI standard was not designed to pass closed caption data (for example, subtitles) to the television for decoding.DVD player that sends an upscaled 720p/1080i format via HDMI to an HDTV has no way to pass Closed Captioning data so that the HDTV can decode it, as there is no line 21 VBI in that format.

The Display Data Channel (DDC) is a communication channel based on the I2C bus specification. HDMI specifically requires the device implement the Enhanced Display Data Channel (E-DDC), which is used by the HDMI source device to read the E-EDID data from the HDMI sink device to learn what audio/video formats it can take.: §§8.1,CEC-1.2–CEC-1.3 HDMI requires that the E-DDC implement I2C standard mode speed (100 kbit/s) and allows it to optionally implement fast mode speed (400 kbit/s).: §4.2.8

Transition-minimized differential signaling (TMDS) on HDMI interleaves video, audio and auxiliary data using three different packet types, called the video data period, the data island period and the control period. During the video data period, the pixels of an active video line are transmitted. During the data island period (which occurs during the horizontal and vertical blanking intervals), audio and auxiliary data are transmitted within a series of packets. The control period occurs between video and data island periods.: §5.1.2

Both HDMI and DVI use TMDS to send 10-bit characters that are encoded using 8b/10b encoding that differs from the original IBM form for the video data period and 2b/10b encoding for the control period. HDMI adds the ability to send audio and auxiliary data using 4b/10b encoding for the data island period. Each data island period is 32 pixels in size and contains a 32-bit packet header, which includes 8 bits of BCH ECC parity data for error correction and describes the contents of the packet. Each packet contains four subpackets, and each subpacket is 64 bits in size, including 8 bits of BCH ECC parity data, allowing for each packet to carry up to 224 bits of audio data. Each data island period can contain up to 18 packets. Seven of the 15 packet types described in the HDMI 1.3a specifications deal with audio data, while the other 8 types deal with auxiliary data. Among these are the general control packet and the gamut metadata packet. The general control packet carries information on AVMUTE (which mutes the audio during changes that may cause audio noise) and color depth (which sends the bit depth of the current video stream and is required for deep color). The gamut metadata packet carries information on the color space being used for the current video stream and is required for xvYCC.: §§5.2–5.3,6.5.3,6.7.2,6.7.3

Consumer Electronics Control (CEC) is an HDMI feature designed to allow the user to command and control up to 15 CEC-enabled devices, that are connected through HDMI,television set, set-top box, and DVD player using only the remote control of the TV). CEC also allows for individual CEC-enabled devices to command and control each other without user intervention.: §CEC-3.1

It is a one-wire bidirectional serial bus that is based on the CENELEC standard AV.link protocol to perform remote control functions.: §8.1 It was defined in HDMI Specification 1.0 and updated in HDMI 1.2, HDMI 1.2a and HDMI 1.3a (which added timer and audio commands to the bus).: §§CEC-1.2,CEC-1.3,CEC-3.1,CEC-5 USB to CEC adapters exist that allow a computer to control CEC-enabled devices.

Introduced in HDMI 1.4, HDMI Ethernet and Audio Return Channel (HEAC) adds a high-speed bidirectional data communication link (HEC) and the ability to send audio data upstream to the source device (ARC). HEAC utilizes two lines from the connector: the previously unused Reserved pin (called HEAC+) and the Hot Plug Detect pin (called HEAC−).: §HEAC-2.1 If only ARC transmission is required, a single mode signal using the HEAC+ line can be used, otherwise, HEC is transmitted as a differential signal over the pair of lines, and ARC as a common mode component of the pair.: §HEAC-2.2

HDMI Ethernet Channel technology consolidates video, audio, and data streams into a single HDMI cable, and the HEC feature enables IP-based applications over HDMI and provides a bidirectional Ethernet communication at 100 Mbit/s.physical layer of the Ethernet implementation uses a hybrid to simultaneously send and receive attenuated 100BASE-TX-type signals through a single twisted pair.

HDMI is backward compatible with single-link Digital Visual Interface digital video (DVI-D or DVI-I, but not DVI-A or dual-link DVI). No signal conversion is required when an adapter or asymmetric cable is used, so there is no loss of video quality.: appx. C

From a user"s perspective, an HDMI display can be driven by a single-link DVI-D source, since HDMI and DVI-D define an overlapping minimum set of allowed resolutions and frame-buffer formats to ensure a basic level of interoperability. In the reverse case, a DVI-D monitor has the same level of basic interoperability unless content protection with High-bandwidth Digital Content Protection (HDCP) interferes—or the HDMI color encoding is in component color space Y′CBCR instead of RGB, which is not possible in DVI. An HDMI source, such as a Blu-ray player, may require an HDCP-compliant display, and refuse to output HDCP-protected content to a non-compliant display.

Any DVI-to-HDMI adapter can function as an HDMI-to-DVI adapter (and vice versa).gender of the adapter"s connectors and the gender of the cables and sockets it is used with.

Features specific to HDMI, such as remote-control and audio transport, are not available in devices that use legacy DVI-D signalling. However, many devices output HDMI over a DVI connector (e.g., ATI 3000-series and NVIDIA GTX 200-series video cards),: appx. C

HDMI can use HDCP to encrypt the signal if required by the source device. CSS, CPRM and AACS require the use of HDCP on HDMI when playing back encrypted DVD Video, DVD Audio, HD DVD and Blu-ray Disc. The HDCP Repeater bit controls the authentication and switching/distribution of an HDMI signal. According to HDCP Specification 1.2 (beginning with HDMI CTS 1.3a), any system that implements HDCP must do so in a fully compliant manner. HDCP testing that was previously only a requirement for optional tests such as the "Simplay HD" testing program is now part of the requirements for HDMI compliance.: §9.2

There are five HDMI connector types. Type A/B are defined in the HDMI 1.0 specification, type C is defined in the HDMI 1.3 specification, and type D/E are defined in the HDMI 1.4 specification.

The HDMI alternate mode lets a user connect the reversible USB-C connector with the HDMI source devices (mobile, tablet, laptop). This cable connects to video display/sink devices using any of the native HDMI connectors. This is an HDMI cable, in this case a USB-C to HDMI cable.

An HDMI cable is composed of four shielded twisted pairs, with impedance of the order of 100 Ω (±15%), plus seven separate conductors. HDMI cables with Ethernet differ in that three of the separate conductors instead form an additional shielded twisted pair (with the CEC/DDC ground as a shield).: §HEAC-2.9

Although no maximum length for an HDMI cable is specified, signal attenuation (dependent on the cable"s construction quality and conducting materials) limits usable lengths in practice: §4.2.6: §4.2.6 A cable of about 5 meters (16 feet) can be manufactured to Category 1 specifications easily and inexpensively by using 28 AWG (0.081 mm2) conductors.2) conductors, an HDMI cable can reach lengths of up to 15 meters (49 feet).

A new certification program was introduced in October 2015 to certify that cables work at the 18 Gbit/s maximum bandwidth of the HDMI 2.0 specification.

In conjunction with the HDMI 2.1 specification, a third category of cable was announced on January 4, 2017, called "48G".Gbit/s bandwidth of HDMI 2.1, supporting 4K, 5K, 8K and 10K at 120Hz.

An HDMI extender is a single device (or pair of devices) powered with an external power source or with the 5V DC from the HDMI source.HDCP and blinking on the screen, due to the weakened DDC signal that HDCP requires. HDCP DDC signals must be multiplexed with TMDS video signals to comply with HDCP requirements for HDMI extenders based on a single Category 5/Category 6 cable.amplifiers, equalizers and repeaters that can string several standard HDMI cables together. Active HDMI cables use electronics within the cable to boost the signal and allow for HDMI cables of up to 30 meters (98 feet);HDBaseT can extend to 100 meters; HDMI extenders that are based on dual Category 5/Category 6 cable can extend HDMI to 250 meters (820 feet); while HDMI extenders based on optical fiber can extend HDMI to 300 meters (980 feet).

The HDMI specification is not an open standard; manufacturers need to be licensed by HDMI LA in order to implement HDMI in any product or component. Companies who are licensed by HDMI LA are known as HDMI Adopters.

While earlier versions of HDMI specs are available to the public for download, only adopters have access to the latest standards (HDMI 1.4b/2.1). Only adopters have access to the compliance test specification (CTS) that is used for compliance and certification. Compliance testing is required before any HDMI product can be legally sold.

The HDMI royalty is only payable on licensed products that will be sold on a stand-alone basis (i.e. that are not incorporated into another licensed product that is subject to an HDMI royalty). For example, if a cable or IC is sold to an adopter who then includes it in a television subject to a royalty, then the cable or IC maker would not pay a royalty, and the television manufacturer would pay the royalty on the final product. If the cable is sold directly to consumers, then the cable would be subject to a royalty.

HDMI devices are manufactured to adhere to various versions of the specification, in which each version is given a number or letter, such as 1.0, 1.2, or 1.4b.: p. III Each subsequent version of the specification uses the same kind of cable but increases the bandwidth or capabilities of what can be transmitted over the cable.: p. III A product listed as having an HDMI version does not necessarily mean that it has all features in that version,

HDMI 1.0 was released on December 9, 2002, and is a single-cable digital audio/video connector interface. The link architecture is based on DVI, using exactly the same video transmission format but sending audio and other auxiliary data during the blanking intervals of the video stream. HDMI 1.0 allows a maximum TMDS clock of 165MHz (4.95Gbit/s bandwidth per link), the same as DVI. It defines two connectors called Type A and Type B, with pinouts based on the Single-Link DVI-D and Dual-Link DVI-D connectors respectively, though the Type B connector was never used in any commercial products. HDMI 1.0 uses TMDS encoding for video transmission, giving it 3.96Gbit/s of video bandwidth (1920 × 1080 or 1920 × 1200 at 60Hz) and 8-channel LPCM/192 kHz/24-bit audio. HDMI 1.0 requires support for RGB video, with optional support for Y′CBCR 4:4:4 and 4:2:2 (mandatory if the device has support for Y′CBCR on other interfaces). Color depth of 10bpc (30bit/px) or 12bpc (36bit/px) is allowed when using 4:2:2 subsampling, but only 8bpc (24bit/px) color depth is permitted when using RGB or Y′CBCR 4:4:4. Only the Rec. 601 and Rec. 709 color spaces are supported. HDMI 1.0 allows only specific pre-defined video formats, including all the formats defined in EIA/CEA-861-B and some additional formats listed in the HDMI Specification itself. All HDMI sources/sinks must also be capable of sending/receiving native Single-Link DVI video and be fully compliant with the DVI Specification.

HDMI 1.2 was released on August 8, 2005, and added the option of One Bit Audio, used on Super Audio CDs, at up to 8 channels. To make HDMI more suitable for use on PC devices, version 1.2 also removed the requirement that only explicitly supported formats be used. It added the ability for manufacturers to create vendor-specific formats, allowing any arbitrary resolution and refresh rate rather than being limited to a pre-defined list of supported formats. In addition, it added explicit support for several new formats including 720p at 100 and 120 Hz and relaxed the pixel format support requirements so that sources with only native RGB output (PC sources) would not be required to support Y′CBCR output.: §6.2.3

HDMI 1.3 was released on June 22, 2006, and increased the maximum TMDS clock to 340MHz (10.2Gbit/s).Gbit/s (sufficient for 1920 × 1080 at 144Hz or 2560 × 1440 at 75Hz). It added support for 10bpc, 12bpc, and 16bpc color depth (30, 36, and 48bit/px), called deep color. It also added support for the xvYCC color space, in addition to the ITU-R BT.601 and BT.709 color spaces supported by previous versions, and added the ability to carry metadata defining color gamut boundaries. It also optionally allows output of Dolby TrueHD and DTS-HD Master Audio streams for external decoding by AV receivers.audio video sync) capability.MHz and Category 2 being tested up to 340 MHz.: §4.2.6 It also added the new HDMI Type C "Mini" connector for portable devices.: §4.1.1

HDMI 1.3a was released on November 10, 2006, and had cable and sink modifications for HDMI Type C, source termination recommendations, and removed undershoot and maximum rise/fall time limits. It also changed CEC capacitance limits, and CEC commands for timer control were brought back in an altered form, with audio control commands added. It also added the optional ability to stream SACD in its bitstream DST format rather than uncompressed raw DSD.

HDMI 1.4 was released on June 5, 2009, and first came to market after Q2 of 2009.×2160 at 24Hz, 3840×2160 at 24, 25, and 30Hz, and added explicit support for 1920×1080 at 120Hz with CTA-861 timings.: §6.3.2 It also added an HDMI Ethernet Channel (HEC) that accommodates a 100 Mbit/s Ethernet connection between the two HDMI connected devices so they can share an Internet connection,Adobe RGB and Adobe YCC601, and an Automotive Connection System.stereoscopic 3D formats including field alternative (interlaced), frame packing (a full resolution top-bottom format), line alternative full, side-by-side half, side-by-side full, 2D + depth, and 2D + depth + graphics + graphics depth (WOWvx).

HDMI 1.4a was released on March 4, 2010, and added two mandatory 3D formats for broadcast content, which was deferred with HDMI 1.4 pending the direction of the 3D broadcast market.

HDMI 2.0 increases the maximum bandwidth to 18.0 Gbit/s.Rec. 2020 color space, up to 32 audio channels, up to 1536 kHz audio sample frequency, dual video streams to multiple users on the same screen, up to four audio streams, 4:2:0 chroma subsampling, 25 fps 3D formats, support for the 21:9 aspect ratio, dynamic synchronization of video and audio streams, the HE-AAC and DRA audio standards, improved 3D capability, and additional CEC functions.

HDMI 2.1 was officially announced by the HDMI Forum on January4, 2017,Hz and 8K 120Hz. HDMI 2.1 also introduces a new HDMI cable category called Ultra High Speed (referred to as 48G during development), which certifies cables at the new higher speeds that these formats require. Ultra High Speed HDMI cables are backwards compatible with older HDMI devices, and older cables are compatible with new HDMI 2.1 devices, though the full 48Gbit/s bandwidth is only supported with the new cables.

Note: While HDMI 2.1 did standardize transport of dynamic HDR metadata over HDMI, in actuality it only formalized dynamic metadata interfaces already utilized by Dolby Vision and HDR10+ in HDMI 2.0, which is why neither Dolby Vision nor HDR10+ require HDMI 2.1 to function properly.

Quick Frame Transport (QFT) reduces latency by bursting individual pictures across the HDMI link as fast as possible when the link"s hardware supports more bandwidth than the minimum amount needed for the resolution and frame rate of the content. With QFT, individual pictures arrive earlier and some hardware blocks can be fully powered off for longer periods of time between pictures to reduce heat generation and extend battery life.

Auto Low Latency Mode (ALLM) – When a display device supports the option to either optimize its pixel processing for best latency or best pixel processing, ALLM allows the current HDMI source device to automatically select, based on its better understanding of the nature of its own content, which mode the user would most likely prefer.

The increase in maximum bandwidth is achieved by increasing both the bitrate of the data channels and the number of channels. Previous HDMI versions use three data channels (each operating at up to 6.0Gbit/s in HDMI 2.0, or up to 3.4Gbit/s in HDMI 1.4), with an additional channel for the TMDS clock signal, which runs at a fraction of the data channel speed (one tenth the speed, or up to 340MHz, for signaling rates up to 3.4Gbit/s; one fortieth the speed, or up to 150MHz, for signaling rates between 3.4 and 6.0Gbit/s). HDMI 2.1 doubles the signaling rate of the data channels to 12Gbit/s. The structure of the data has been changed to use a new packet-based format with an embedded clock signal, which allows what was formerly the TMDS clock channel to be used as a fourth data channel instead, increasing the signaling rate across that channel to 12Gbit/s as well. These changes increase the aggregate bandwidth from 18.0Gbit/s (3 × 6.0Gbit/s) to 48.0Gbit/s (4 × 12.0Gbit/s), a 2.66× improvement in bandwidth. In addition, the data is transmitted more efficiently by using a 16b/18b encoding scheme, which uses a larger percentage of the bandwidth for data rather than DC balancing compared to the TMDS scheme used by previous versions (88.8% compared to 80%). This, in combination with the 2.66× bandwidth, raises the maximum data rate of HDMI 2.1 from 14.4Gbit/s to 42.6Gbit/s. Subtracting overhead for FEC, the usable data rate is approximately 42.0Gbit/s, around 2.92× the data rate of HDMI 2.0.

The 48Gbit/s bandwidth provided by HDMI 2.1 is enough for 8K resolution at approximately 50Hz, with 8bpc RGB or Y′CBCR 4:4:4 color. To achieve even higher formats, HDMI 2.1 can use Display Stream Compression with a compression ratio of up to 3∶1. Using DSC, formats up to 8K (7680 × 4320) 120Hz or 10K (10240 × 4320) 100Hz at 8bpc RGB/4:4:4 are possible. Using Y′CBCR with 4:2:2 or 4:2:0 chroma subsampling in combination with DSC can allow for even higher formats.

The "version" of a connection depends on the versions of the HDMI ports on the source and sink devices, not on the HDMI cable. The different categories of HDMI cable only affect the bandwidth (maximum resolution / refresh rate) of the connection. Other features such as audio, 3D, chroma subsampling, or variable refresh rate depend only on the versions of the ports, and are not affected by what type of HDMI cable is used. The only exception to this is Ethernet-over-HDMI, which requires an "HDMI with Ethernet" cable.

Products are not required to implement all features of a version to be considered compliant with that version, as most features are optional. For example, displays with HDMI 1.4 ports do not necessarily support the full 340 MHz TMDS clock allowed by HDMI 1.4; they are commonly limited to lower speeds such as 300 MHz (1080p 120 Hz) or even as low as 165 MHz (1080p 60 Hz) at the manufacturer"s discretion, but are still considered HDMI 1.4-compliant. Likewise, features like 10 bpc (30 bit/px) color depth may also not be supported, even if the HDMI version allows it and the display supports it over other interfaces such as DisplayPort.

Some of the transmitted bits are used for encoding purposes rather than representing data, so the rate at which video data can be transmitted across the HDMI interface is only a portion of the total bit rate.

The TMDS character rate is the number of 10-bit TMDS characters per second transmitted across one HDMI data channel. This is sometimes informally referred to as the pixel clock or TMDS clock because these terms were once equivalent in past HDMI versions.: §4.2.2

Although HDMI 1.4 does not officially allow 4:2:0 chroma subsampling, NVIDIA and AMD have added 4:2:0 support to their HDMI 1.4 graphics cards via driver updates

HDMI 1.0–1.2a permit 10bpc and 12bpc color depth only when Y′CBCR 4:2:2 color format is used. When using RGB or Y′CBCR 4:4:4, only 8bpc color is permitted.: §6.5

Display manufacturers may also use non-standard blanking intervals (a Vendor-Specific Timing Format as defined in the HDMI Specification: §6.1) rather than CVT-RB v2 to achieve even higher frequencies when bandwidth is a constraint. The refresh frequencies in the below table do not represent the absolute maximum limit of each interface, but rather an estimate based on a modern standardized timing formula. The minimum blanking intervals (and therefore the exact maximum frequency that can be achieved) will depend on the display and how many secondary data packets it requires, and therefore will differ from model to model.

165MHz was the maximum TMDS character rate allowed in version 1.2a of the HDMI Specification and earlier. In version 1.3, the maximum allowed speed was increased to 340MHz, and in version 2.0 it was increased to 600MHz. These are only the maximum speeds permitted by the specification; individual devices may be limited to any speed within the maximum allowed.

HDMI 1.0 and 1.1 are restricted to transmitting only certain video formats,: §6.1 defined in EIA/CEA-861-B and in the HDMI Specification itself.: §6.3 HDMI 1.2 and all later versions allow any arbitrary resolution and frame rate (within the bandwidth limit). Formats that are not supported by the HDMI Specification (i.e., no standardized timings defined) may be implemented as a vendor-specific format. Successive versions of the HDMI Specification continue to add support for additional formats (such as 4K resolutions), but the added support is to establish standardized timings to ensure interoperability between products, not to establish which formats are or aren"t permitted. Video formats do not require explicit support from the HDMI Specification in order to be transmitted and displayed.: §6.1

Individual products may have heavier limitations than those listed below, since HDMI devices are not required to support the maximum bandwidth of the HDMI version that they implement. Therefore, it is not guaranteed that a display will support the refresh rates listed in this table, even if the display has the required HDMI version.

The features defined in the HDMI Specification that an HDMI device may implement are listed below. For historical interest, the version of the HDMI Specification in which the feature was first added is also listed. All features of the HDMI Specification are optional; HDMI devices may implement any combination of these features.

Although the "HDMI version numbers" are commonly misused as a way of indicating that a device supports certain features, this notation has no official meaning and is considered improper by HDMI Licensing.

Even for a compressed audio codec that a given HDMI device cannot transport, the source device may be able to decode the audio codec and transmit the audio as uncompressed LPCM.

Even for a compressed audio codec that a given HDMI version cannot transport, the source device may be able to decode the audio codec and transmit the audio as uncompressed LPCM.

Blu-ray Disc and HD DVD, introduced in 2006, offer high-fidelity audio features that require HDMI for best results. HDMI 1.3 can transport Dolby Digital Plus, Dolby TrueHD, and DTS-HD Master Audio bitstreams in compressed form.: §7 This capability allows for an AV receiver with the necessary decoder to decode the compressed audio stream. The Blu-ray specification does not include video encoded with either deep color or xvYCC; thus, HDMI 1.0 can transfer Blu-ray discs at full video quality.

The Blu-ray Disc Association (BDA) spokespersons have stated (Sept. 2014 at IFA show in Berlin, Germany) that the Blu-ray, Ultra HD players, and 4K discs are expected to be available starting in the second half to 2015. It is anticipated that such Blu-ray UHD players will be required to include a HDMI 2.0 output that supports HDCP 2.2.

Blu-ray permits secondary audio decoding, whereby the disc content can tell the player to mix multiple audio sources together before final output.codecs internally and can output LPCM audio over HDMI. Multichannel LPCM can be transported over an HDMI connection, and as long as the AV receiver implements multichannel LPCM audio over HDMI and implements HDCP, the audio reproduction is equal in resolution to HDMI 1.3 bitstream output. Some low-cost AV receivers, such as the Onkyo TX-SR506, do not allow audio processing over HDMI and are labelled as "HDMI pass through" devices.

although cameras capable of HD video often include an HDMI interface for playback or even live preview, the image processor and the video processor of cameras usable for uncompressed video must be able to deliver the full image resolution at the specified frame rate in real time without any missing frames causing jitter. Therefore, usable uncompressed video out of HDMI is often called "clean HDMI".

Personal computer (PCs) with a DVI interface are capable of video output to an HDMI-enabled monitor.: appx. C Some PCs include an HDMI interface and may also be capable of HDMI audio output, depending on specific hardware.945G and NVIDIA"s GeForce 8200/8300 motherboard chipsets are capable of 8-channel LPCM output over HDMI.ATI Radeon HD 4000 series.Linux can drive 8-channel LPCM audio over HDMI if the video card has the necessary hardware and implements the Advanced Linux Sound Architecture (ALSA).

Even with an HDMI output, a computer may not be able to produce signals that implement HDCP, Microsoft"s Protected Video Path, or Microsoft"s Protected Audio Path.DTS-HD MA) was output.

The Asus Xonar HDAV1.3 became the first HDMI sound card that implemented the Protected Audio Path and could both bitstream and decode lossless audio (Dolby TrueHD and DTS-HD MA), although bitstreaming is only available if using the ArcSoft TotalMedia Theatre software.

Legacy interfaces such as VGA, DVI and LVDS have not kept pace, and newer standards such as DisplayPort and HDMI clearly provide the best connectivity options moving forward. In our opinion, DisplayPort 1.2 is the future interface for PC monitors, along with HDMI 1.4a for TV connectivity.

In September 2009, AMD announced the ATI Radeon HD 5000 series video cards, which have HDMI 1.3 output (deep color, xvYCC wide gamut capability and high bit rate audio), 8-channel LPCM over HDMI, and an integrated HD audio controller with a Protected Audio Path that allows bitstream output over HDMI for AAC, Dolby AC-3, Dolby TrueHD and DTS-HD Master Audio formats.Radeon HD 6000 Series implements HDMI 1.4a. The AMD Radeon HD 7000 Series implements HDMI 1.4b.

In December 2010, it was announced that several computer vendors and display makers including Intel, AMD, Dell, Lenovo, Samsung, and LG would stop using LVDS (actually, FPD-Link) from 2013 and legacy DVI and VGA connectors from 2015, replacing them with DisplayPort and HDMI.

On September 18, 2014, Nvidia launched GeForce GTX 980 and GTX 970 (with GM204 chip) with HDMI 2.0 support. On January 22, 2015, GeForce GTX 960 (with GM206 chip) launched with HDMI 2.0 support. On March 17, 2015, GeForce GTX TITAN X (GM200) launched with HDMI 2.0 support. On June 1, 2015, GeForce GTX 980 Ti (with GM200 chip) launched with HDMI 2.0 support. On August 20, 2015, GeForce GTX 950 (with GM206 chip) launched with HDMI 2.0 support.

On September 1, 2020, Nvidia launched the GeForce RTX 30 series, the world"s first discrete graphics cards with support for the full 48Gbit/s bandwidth with Display Stream Compression 1.2 of HDMI 2.1.

Some tablet computers implement HDMI using Micro-HDMI (Type D) port , while others like the Eee Pad Transformer implement the standard using mini-HDMI (type C) ports. All iPad models have a special A/V adapter that converts Apple"s Lightning (connector) to a standard HDMI (Type A) port. Samsung has a similar proprietary thirty-pin port for their Galaxy Tab 10.1 that could adapt to HDMI as well as USB drives. The Dell Streak 5 smartphone/tablet hybrid is capable of outputting over HDMI. While the Streak uses a PDMI port, a separate cradle adds HDMI compatibility. Some tablets running Android OS provide HDMI output using a mini-HDMI (type C) port. Most new laptops and desktops now have built in HDMI as well.

HDMI can only be used with older analog-only devices (using connections such as SCART, VGA, RCA, etc.) by means of a digital-to-analog converter or AV receiver, as the interface does not carry any analog signals (unlike DVI, where devices with DVI-I ports accept or provide either digital or analog signals). Cables are available that contain the necessary electronics, but it is important to distinguish these active converter cables from passive HDMI to VGA cables (which are typically cheaper as they don"t include any electronics). The passive cables are only useful if you have a device that is generating or expecting HDMI signals on a VGA connector, or VGA signals on an HDMI connector; this is a non-standard feature, not implemented by most devices.

The HDMI Alternate Mode for USB-C allows HDMI-enabled sources with a USB-C connector to directly connect to standard HDMI display devices, without requiring an adapter.HDMI 1.4b features such as video resolutions up to Ultra HD 30 Hz and CEC.DisplayPort Alternate Mode could be used to connect to HDMI displays from USB Type-C sources, but where in that case, active adapters were required to convert from DisplayPort to HDMI, HDMI Alternate Mode connects to the display natively.

The Alternate Mode reconfigures the four SuperSpeed differential pairs present in USB-C to carry the three HDMI TMDS channels and the clock signal. The two Sideband Use pins (SBU1 and SBU2) are used to carry the HDMI Ethernet and Audio Return Channel and the Hot Plug Detect functionality (HEAC+/Utility pin and HEAC−/HPD pin). As there are not enough reconfigurable pins remaining in USB-C to accommodate the DDC clock (SCL), DDC data (SDA), and CEC – these three signals are bridged between the HDMI source and sink via the USB Power Delivery 2.0 (USB-PD) protocol, and are carried over the USB-C Configuration Channel (CC) wire.

The DisplayPort audio/video interface was introduced in May 2006. In recent years, DisplayPort connectors have become a common feature of premiumcompanies producing DisplayPort equipment are in the computer sector. The DisplayPort website states that DisplayPort is expected to complement HDMI,Variable Refresh Rate).

DisplayPort uses a self-clocking, micro-packet-based protocol that allows for a variable number of differential LVDS lanes as well as flexible allocation of bandwidth between audio and video, and allows encapsulating multi-channel compressed audio formats in the audio stream.FreeSync), and Dual-mode LVDS/TMDS transmitters compatible with HDMI 1.2 or 1.4.Gbit/s with the new HBR3 mode featuring 8.1Gbit/s per lane; it requires Dual-mode with mandatory HDMI 2.0 compatibility and HDCP 2.2.BT.2020 color space, and HDR10 extensions from CTA-861.3, including static and dynamic metadata.

The DisplayPort connector is compatible with HDMI and can transmit single-link DVI and HDMI 1.2/1.4/2.0 signals using attached passive adapters or adapter cables.DisplayPort Dual-mode ports and cables/adapters are typically marked with the DisplayPort++ logo. Thunderbolt ports with mDP connector also supports Dual-mode passive HDMI adapters/cables. Conversion to dual-link DVI and component video (VGA/YPbPr) requires active powered adapters.

The USB 3.1 Type-C connector is an emerging standard that replaces legacy video connectors such as mDP, Thunderbolt, HDMI, and VGA in mobile devices. USB-C connectors can transmit DisplayPort video to docks and displays using standard USB Type-C cables or Type-C to DisplayPort cables and adapters; USB-C also supports HDMI adapters that actively convert from DisplayPort to HDMI 1.4 or 2.0. DisplayPort Alternate Mode for USB Type-C specification was published in 2015. USB Type-C chipsets are not required to include Dual-mode transmitters and only support DisplayPort LVDS protocol, so passive DP-HDMI adapters do not work with Type-C sources.

DisplayPort has a royalty rate of US$0.20 per unit (from patents licensed by MPEG LA), while HDMI has an annual fee of US$10,000 and a per unit royalty rate of between $0.04 and $0.15.

HDMI has a few advantages over DisplayPort, such as ability to carry Consumer Electronics Control (CEC) signals, and electrical compatibility with DVI (though practically limited to single-link DVI rates).active cable solutions and fiber optic cable extender solutions can be used to extend effective DisplayPort distances.

Mobile High-Definition Link (MHL) is an adaptation of HDMI intended to connect mobile devices such as smartphones and tablets to high-definition televisions (HDTVs) and displays.DVI, which is compatible with HDMI using only passive cables and adapters, MHL requires that the HDMI socket be MHL-enabled, otherwise an active adapter (or dongle) is required to convert the signal to HDMI. MHL is developed by a consortium of five consumer electronics manufacturers, several of which are also behind HDMI.

MHL pares down the three TMDS channels in a standard HDMI connection to a single one running over any connector that provides at least five pins.micro-USB – be used, avoiding the need for additional dedicated video output sockets.

In addition to the features in common with HDMI (such as HDCP encrypted uncompressed high-definition video and eight-channel surround sound), MHL also adds the provision of power charging for the mobile device while in use, and also enables the TV remote to control it. Although support for these additional features requires connection to an MHL-enabled HDMI port, power charging can also be provided when using active MHL to HDMI adapters (connected to standard HDMI ports), provided there is a separate power connection to the adapter.

Version 1.0 supported 720p/1080i 60 Hz (RGB/4:4:4 pixel encoding) with a bandwidth of 2.25 Gbit/s. Versions 1.3 and 2.0 added support for 1080p 60 Hz (Y′CBCR 4:2:2) with a bandwidth of 3 Gbit/s in PackedPixel mode.Ultra HD (3840 × 2160) 30 Hz video, and also changed from being frame-based, like HDMI, to packet-based.

The fourth version, superMHL, increased bandwidth by operating over multiple TMDS differential pairs (up to a total of six) allowing a maximum of 36 Gbit/s.USB-C Alternate Mode (only a single lane is supported over micro-USB/HDMI). Display Stream Compression (DSC) is used to allow up to 8K Ultra HD (7680 × 4320) 120 Hz HDR video, and to support Ultra HD 60 Hz video over a single lane.

"The First HDMI Consumer Electronics Products Debut at Cedia 2003" (Press release). Indianapolis, IN: HDMI.org. September 5, 2003. Archived from the original on April 23, 2018. Retrieved August 17, 2022.

Rodolfo La Maestra (June 25, 2006). "HDMI – A Digital Interface Solution". HDTV Magazine. Archived from the original on May 30, 2016. Retrieved June 23, 2008.

Michael Stelts (April 17, 2002). "HDMI – Presentation for the HDMI Working Group" (PDF). Copy Protection Technical Working Group. Archived from the original (PDF) on January 6, 2016. Retrieved June 23, 2008.

Bob O"Donnell (December 2006). "White Paper – HDMI: The Digital Display Link" (PDF). Silicon Image. Archived from the original (PDF) on January 6, 2016. Retrieved June 23, 2008.

Alen Koebel (February 2003). "DVI and HDMI: Digital A/V Interfaces for A New Age". Widescreen Review (69): 64. Retrieved June 24, 2008. When HDCP is added to DVI, the result is often called "DVI+HDCP." When this is used on an HDTV, HD monitor or set-top box, a further standard is usually applied: IEA/CEA-861 (currently 861-B)...the interface is commonly known as DVI-HDTV.

"Silicon Image Opens HDMI Authorized Testing Center". HDMI.org. June 26, 2003. Archived from the original on April 13, 2016. Retrieved November 18, 2009.

"Philips Sets Up India"s First HDMI Authorized Testing Center". HDMI.org. June 12, 2008. Archived from the original on April 13, 2016. Retrieved January 5, 2009.

Paul Mcgoldgrick (August 1, 2006). "The HDMI future". Secrets of Home Theater and High Fidelity. Archived from the original on November 13, 2007. Retrieved July 1, 2008.

Evan Sun (November 8, 2007). "Testing your High Definition embedded devices using the HDMI Version 1.3 specification". Audio Design Line. Archived from the original on July 20, 2012. Retrieved July 1, 2008.

"HDMI Founders Look Toward the Future as they Win Emmy for Standard". HDMI.org. January 7, 2009. Archived from the original on April 13, 2016. Retrieved November 18, 2009.

"HDMI 1.3 doubles bandwidth, delivers billions of colors for HDTVs". hdmi.org. HDMI Licensing, LLC. June 22, 2006. Archived from the original on February 22, 2008. Retrieved June 19, 2008.

"High-Definition Multimedia Interface Specification 1.4" (PDF). HDMI Licensing, LLC. June 5, 2009. Archived from the original (PDF) on March 5, 2017. Retrieved March 7, 2017 – via Microprocessor.org.

name="cepro.com">Jacobson, Julie (May 27, 2009). "HDMI 1.4 Delivers Ethernet and Upstream Audio Over 1 Cable". CEPro.com. Archived from the original on November 5, 2014. Retrieved November 3, 2014.

Rodolfo La Maestra (August 22, 2006). "HDMI – A Digital Interface Solution" (PDF). HDTV Magazine. Archived from the original (PDF) on January 6, 2016. Retrieved June 23, 2008.

"Ultra-Small HDMI Revealed: Same 19 Pins in Half the Size". Nikkei Electronics Asia. May 8, 2009. Archived from the original on September 11, 2011. Retrieved November 20, 2009.

"Automotive Use HDMI Type E Connector "MX50/53 Series" Has Been Developed". Japan Aviation Electronics Industry, Ltd. February 15, 2012. Archived from the original on February 8, 2013. Retrieved August 6, 2012.

"How Long Can HDMI Cable Be Run?". Blue Jeans Cable. July 2016. Retrieved July 29, 2016. The longest HDMI cable we have ever seen a compliance test certificate for is our own Series-1, which passed ATC testing at 45 feet under HDMI 1.3a (CTS 1.3b1).

"Trademark and Logo Guidelines In Effect 10/17/2008". HDMI.org. October 1, 2008. Archived from the original on July 15, 2010. Retrieved November 17, 2009.

"Adopted Trademark and Logo Usage Guidelines" (PDF). HDMI Licensing, LLC. November 18, 2009. p. 7. Archived from the original (PDF) on November 19, 2018. Retrieved May 31, 2010.

"HDMI Specification Informational Version 1.0" (PDF). HDMI Licensing, LLC. Archived from the original (PDF) on August 26, 2017. Retrieved August 25, 2017.

Joseph Palenchar (June 19, 2006). "HDMI 1.3 Connections Due By Year End". TWICE. Archived from the original on November 10, 2009. Retrieved November 18, 2009.

"Launch of HDMI 1.4 Specification" (PDF). HDMI.org. October 6, 2009. Archived from the original (PDF) on January 6, 2016. Retrieved November 16, 2009.

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"HDMI Licensing, LLC Releases HDMI Specification Version 1.4a". HDMI.org. HDMI Licensing, LLC. March 4, 2010. Archived from the original on December 4, 2017. Retrieved August 25, 2017.

"HDMI Forum Releases Version 2.0 of the HDMI Specification". HDMI.org. HDMI Licensing, LLC. September 4, 2013. Archived from the original on September 6, 2013. Retrieved August 25, 2017.

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Dolby Podcast Episode 60 – March 26, 2009 – Part one of a two-part discussion with Steve Venuti, President, and Jeff Park, Technology Evangelist, of HDMI Licensing.

Dolby Podcast Episode 62 – April 23, 2009 – Part two of a two-part discussion with Steve Venuti, President, and Jeff Park, Technology Evangelist, of HDMI Licensing.

The resolution of the LCD display is 800 x 480, you can configure the resolution via software, and the maximum resolution it supports is 1920 x 1080. It is a USB capacitive touch screen and does not require a driver. It supports five touch control, besides that, the LCD screen comes with an OSD menu adjustment function. You can adjust the contrast, brightness, and switch button. There are 9 interfaces on the back of the screen, one earphone for audio output; two touches (USB connector), for power supply and touch output; one display, an HDMI interface, for connecting the motherboard and LCD display. One power, it can control the backlight to turn on and turn off to save power. One return, it’s only useful in the OSD menu. One right/down, backlight shortcut key. One left/up, backlight shortcut key. A menu, it’s useful in the OSD setting menu, open the OSD/ select key.

If your TV screen is black or you"re unable to get a signal when you try to set up or use your Chromecast device, try the troubleshooting steps below.

While the Chromecast is plugged into the TV and powered, press and hold the button on the back of the Chromecast. The LED should start to blink yellow.

There is a easy way to setup resolution of your screen by a shell script, you can download the scripts by git tool and use it to change resolution for your screens as following steps:

Answer: You need to plug the microUSB cable to the data microUSB port which is close to the standard USB port. it is far away from the HDMI cable.

The15.6 inch 1920x1080 LCD Screen w/ HDMI and Case with Toughened Glass Cover, Supports Multi mini-PCs, Multi Systems. Supports popular mini PCs such as Raspberry Pi, Jetson Nano, BB Black, as well as general desktop computers.

You can darken or lighten the screen during your presentation and then resume where you left off. For example, you might not want to display the slide content during a break or a question and answer period.

We use this 10" screen (1024x768) in our 10" Picade, and this screen kit with Pimoroni-made display driver board and keypad is great for DIY arcade builds, or to upgrade your older Picade (pre-2018) to a larger display.

This panel has great viewing angles, and the 4:3 aspect ratio is perfect for retro games. We"ve made our own high-quality HDMI>LVDS display driver board to drive the panel, with some nice bells and whistles like the ability to break out the I2S audio, or to add your own buttons to control the display and navigate the menus.

Some LCD blur or ghosting issues result from electrical interference or faulty surge protectors. To eliminate this as a cause, try plugging your TV directly into the outlet without any power strips or surge suppressors in the chain. If that solves the problem, you can try using a different power strip.

One of the most common causes of a blurry picture on a flat-screen LCD TV (or monitor) is a mismatch between the content’s resolution and the native resolution capability of the screen.

LCD, Mini-LED, microLED, Plasma, OLED, or QD-OLED all use different types of technology to make moving pictures. However, one thing they all have in common is a “native” resolution. This refers to the TV’s grid of physical pixels (picture elements). A 4K UHD TV has a pixel grid of 3840 x 2160 pixels. This is four times as many pixels as a Full HD TV at 1920×1080. So, for every pixel of information in a Full HD image source, the TV must fill four physical pixels’ worth of data.

There are various methods of “upscaling” lower-resolution images to high-resolution displays, and they all have varying levels of success. Going from FHD to UHD is straightforward since it involves making groups of four pixels act as a single pixel. Whenever the resolution of the source image divides evenly into the target screen’s resolution, you’ll get a softer image, but it will still look good.

Various TVs and set-top box devices offer different options regarding how they should scale lower-resolution sources to a higher-resolution screen. We can’t be very specific here because different devices and TVs have other names and menu systems. So you’re better off looking in your manual or online for anything to do with “upscaling” and your devices.

HDMI is a digital image standard, ensuring you get the source’s quality without degradation. If you’re using an analog source, such as a DVD player connected using RCA connectors, there can be a significant amount of interference or signal loss based on several factors.

If at all possible, switch to HDMI instead. Returning to our DVD player example, some models provide HDMI output and have internal upscalers designed to make DVD footage look sharper on modern HDTVs.

HDMI is digital, and usually, it works correctly or not at all. We have seen situations, though, where bad ports or cables can cause snow or other image artifacts. HDMI is built to have a certain level of digital error correction. However, if the amount of electrical interference or damage to a cable or port passes a threshold, it may degrade the image.

One fix for a blurry or fuzzy video is to switch out the HDMI cable or move it to another input on the TV to check if there might be something wrong with the cable or the port.

Unlike CRT (cathode ray tube) TVs, all modern flat-screen TVs exhibit a type of motion blur known as sample-and-hold motion blur. In addition, lower-end TVs may have inherent blur as the individual pixels change their state too slowly.

The second feature is something known as Black Frame Insertion (BFI). This inserts a black frame between every frame displayed on the screen. This makes the TV offer motion closer to a pulsed CRT display, thus defeating sample-and-hold blur. However, this comes at the cost of brightness and vibrancy. Newer TVs don’t suffer as much as older models, but either way, you can switch the feature on and decide which image you prefer.

A number of people have used a Motorola Atrix Lapdock to add a screen and keyboard with trackpad to RasPi, in essence building a RasPi-based laptop computer. Lapdock is a very clever idea: you plug your Atrix smart phone into Lapdock and it gives you an 11.6" 1366 x 768 HDMI monitor with speakers, a keyboard with trackpad, two USB ports, and a large enough battery for roughly 5 hours of use. The smart phone acts as a motherboard with "good enough" performance. The advantage over a separate laptop or desktop computer is that you have one computing device so you don"t need to transfer files between your phone and your desk/laptop.

Unfortunately for Motorola, Lapdock was not successful (probably because of its US$500 list price) and Motorola discontinued it and sold remaining stock at deep discounts, with many units selling for US$50-100. This makes it a very attractive way to add a modest size HDMI screen to RasPi, with a keyboard/trackpad and rechargeable battery power thrown in for free.

Lapdock has two connectors that plug into an Atrix phone: a Micro HDMI D plug for carrying video and sound, and a Micro USB plug for charging the phone and connecting to the Lapdock"s internal USB hub, which talks to the Lapdock keyboard, trackpad, and two USB ports. With suitable cables and adapters, these two plugs can be connected to RasPi"s full-size HDMI connector and one of RasPi"s full-size USB A ports.

The hardest part about connecting Lapdock is getting the cables and adapters. Most HDMI and USB cables are designed to plug into jacks, whereas the Lapdock has plugs so the cables/adapters must have Micro HDMI and Micro USB female connections. These are unusual cables and adapters, so check the links.

Lapdock uses the HDMI plug to tell if a phone is plugged in by seeing if the HDMI DDC/CEC ground pin is pulled low. If it"s not, Lapdock is powered off. As soon as you plug in a phone or RasPi, all the grounds short together and Lapdock powers itself on. However, it only does this if the HDMI cable actually connects the DDC/CEC ground line. Many cheap HDMI cables do not include the individual ground lines, and rely on a foil shield connected to the outer shells on both ends. Such a cable will not work with an unmodified Lapdock. There is a detailed "blog entry on the subject at element14: Raspberry Pi Lapdock HDMI cable work-around. The "blog describes a side-benefit of this feature: you can add a small power switch to Lapdock so you can leave RasPi attached all the time without draining the battery.

What gets powered on depends on whether Lapdock is open or closed. If it"s open, the screen and all Lapdock USB ports are powered. If you close Lapdock, the screen and full-size USB ports are powered down, but the Micro USB still provides upstream power. This is for charging an Atrix phone. When you open or close Lapdock, the Micro USB power switches off for about a second so if your RasPi is connected it will reboot and you may have a corrupted file system. There"s discussion about this at the RasPi forum link, and someone has used a supercapacitor to work around the problem: Raspberry Pi lapdock tricks.

When you do not connect a HDMI monitor, the GPU in the PI will simply rescale (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image_scaling) anything that would have appeared on the HDMI screen to a resolution suitable for the TV standard chosen, (PAL or NTSC) and outputs it as a composite video signal.

The Broadcom BCM2835 only provides HDMI output and composite output. RGB and other signals needed by RGB, S-VIDEO or VGA connectors are however not provided, and the R-PI also isn"t designed to power an unpowered converter box.

Note that any conversion hardware that converts HDMI/DVI-D signals to VGA (or DVI-A) signals may come with either an external PSU, or expects power can be drawn from the HDMI port. In the latter case the device may initially appear to work, but there will be a problem, as the HDMI specs only provide in a maximum of 50mA (@ 5 Volt) from the HDMI port, but all of these adapters try to draw much more, up-to 500mA, in case of the R-PI there is a limit of 200mA that can be drawn safely, as 200mA is the limit for the BAT54 diode (D1) on the board. Any HDMI to VGA adapter without external PSU might work for a time, but then burn out D1, therefore Do not use HDMI converters powered by the HDMI port!

The solution is to either only use externally powered converters, or to replace D1 with a sturdier version, such as the PMEG2010AET, and to replace the power input fuse F3 with a higher rated one, as the current one is only 700mA, and the adapter may use 400mA itself. Also notice that the R-PI"s power supply also must be able to deliver the extra current.

Alternatively, it may be possible to design an expansion board that plugs into the LCD headers on the R.Pi. Here is something similar for Beagleboard:

The Raspberry Pi provides one clock lane and two data lanes on the S2 connector, as can be read from the schematics. It is currently unknown whether this is enough to drive the iPhone 4G screen, as that screen seems be driven with three data lanes in its original application.

I2C/SPI ADC can be used to interface 4 pin resistive Touch Screens, For example STMPE812A. Texas Instruments has a solution for 4 or 8 wire touchscreens using their rather cheap MSP4309.

These have controllers and interfaces for feeding in text (and symbols). Common screen sizes include 16x2 to 40x4. They"re often seen in keypads, industrial machines, cash registers, laser printers etc.

AdvaBoard RPi1: Raspb