2 lcd monitors in the front meaning pricelist

A computer monitor is an output device that displays information in pictorial or textual form. A discrete monitor comprises a visual display, support electronics, power supply, housing, electrical connectors, and external user controls.

The display in modern monitors is typically an LCD with LED backlight, having by the 2010s replaced CCFL backlit LCDs. Before the mid-2000s,CRT. Monitors are connected to the computer via DisplayPort, HDMI, USB-C, DVI, VGA, or other proprietary connectors and signals.

Originally, computer monitors were used for data processing while television sets were used for video. From the 1980s onward, computers (and their monitors) have been used for both data processing and video, while televisions have implemented some computer functionality. In the 2000s, the typical display aspect ratio of both televisions and computer monitors has changed from 4:3 to 16:9.

Modern computer monitors are mostly interchangeable with television sets and vice versa. As most computer monitors do not include integrated speakers, TV tuners, nor remote controls, external components such as a DTA box may be needed to use a computer monitor as a TV set.

Early electronic computer front panels were fitted with an array of light bulbs where the state of each particular bulb would indicate the on/off state of a particular register bit inside the computer. This allowed the engineers operating the computer to monitor the internal state of the machine, so this panel of lights came to be known as the "monitor". As early monitors were only capable of displaying a very limited amount of information and were very transient, they were rarely considered for program output. Instead, a line printer was the primary output device, while the monitor was limited to keeping track of the program"s operation.

Multiple technologies have been used for computer monitors. Until the 21st century most used cathode-ray tubes but they have largely been superseded by LCD monitors.

The first computer monitors used cathode-ray tubes (CRTs). Prior to the advent of home computers in the late 1970s, it was common for a video display terminal (VDT) using a CRT to be physically integrated with a keyboard and other components of the workstation in a single large chassis, typically limiting them to emulation of a paper teletypewriter, thus the early epithet of "glass TTY". The display was monochromatic and far less sharp and detailed than on a modern monitor, necessitating the use of relatively large text and severely limiting the amount of information that could be displayed at one time. High-resolution CRT displays were developed for specialized military, industrial and scientific applications but they were far too costly for general use; wider commercial use became possible after the release of a slow, but affordable Tektronix 4010 terminal in 1972.

Some of the earliest home computers (such as the TRS-80 and Commodore PET) were limited to monochrome CRT displays, but color display capability was already a possible feature for a few MOS 6500 series-based machines (such as introduced in 1977 Apple II computer or Atari 2600 console), and the color output was a speciality of the more graphically sophisticated Atari 800 computer, introduced in 1979. Either computer could be connected to the antenna terminals of an ordinary color TV set or used with a purpose-made CRT color monitor for optimum resolution and color quality. Lagging several years behind, in 1981 IBM introduced the Color Graphics Adapter, which could display four colors with a resolution of 320 × 200 pixels, or it could produce 640 × 200 pixels with two colors. In 1984 IBM introduced the Enhanced Graphics Adapter which was capable of producing 16 colors and had a resolution of 640 × 350.

By the end of the 1980s color progressive scan CRT monitors were widely available and increasingly affordable, while the sharpest prosumer monitors could clearly display high-definition video, against the backdrop of efforts at HDTV standardization from the 1970s to the 1980s failing continuously, leaving consumer SDTVs to stagnate increasingly far behind the capabilities of computer CRT monitors well into the 2000s. During the following decade, maximum display resolutions gradually increased and prices continued to fall as CRT technology remained dominant in the PC monitor market into the new millennium, partly because it remained cheaper to produce.

There are multiple technologies that have been used to implement liquid-crystal displays (LCD). Throughout the 1990s, the primary use of LCD technology as computer monitors was in laptops where the lower power consumption, lighter weight, and smaller physical size of LCDs justified the higher price versus a CRT. Commonly, the same laptop would be offered with an assortment of display options at increasing price points: (active or passive) monochrome, passive color, or active matrix color (TFT). As volume and manufacturing capability have improved, the monochrome and passive color technologies were dropped from most product lines.

The first standalone LCDs appeared in the mid-1990s selling for high prices. As prices declined they became more popular, and by 1997 were competing with CRT monitors. Among the first desktop LCD computer monitors was the Eizo FlexScan L66 in the mid-1990s, the SGI 1600SW, Apple Studio Display and the ViewSonic VP140vision science remain dependent on CRTs, the best LCD monitors having achieved moderate temporal accuracy, and so can be used only if their poor spatial accuracy is unimportant.

High dynamic range (HDR)television series, motion pictures and video games transitioning to widescreen, which makes squarer monitors unsuited to display them correctly.

Organic light-emitting diode (OLED) monitors provide most of the benefits of both LCD and CRT monitors with few of their drawbacks, though much like plasma panels or very early CRTs they suffer from burn-in, and remain very expensive.

Viewable image size - is usually measured diagonally, but the actual widths and heights are more informative since they are not affected by the aspect ratio in the same way. For CRTs, the viewable size is typically 1 in (25 mm) smaller than the tube itself.

Radius of curvature (for curved monitors) - is the radius that a circle would have if it had the same curvature as the display. This value is typically given in millimeters, but expressed with the letter "R" instead of a unit (for example, a display with "3800R curvature" has a 3800mm radius of curvature.

Display resolution is the number of distinct pixels in each dimension that can be displayed natively. For a given display size, maximum resolution is limited by dot pitch or DPI.

Dot pitch represents the distance between the primary elements of the display, typically averaged across it in nonuniform displays. A related unit is pixel pitch, In LCDs, pixel pitch is the distance between the center of two adjacent pixels. In CRTs, pixel pitch is defined as the distance between subpixels of the same color. Dot pitch is the reciprocal of pixel density.

Pixel density is a measure of how densely packed the pixels on a display are. In LCDs, pixel density is the number of pixels in one linear unit along the display, typically measured in pixels per inch (px/in or ppi).

Contrast ratio is the ratio of the luminosity of the brightest color (white) to that of the darkest color (black) that the monitor is capable of producing simultaneously. For example, a ratio of 20,000∶1 means that the brightest shade (white) is 20,000 times brighter than its darkest shade (black). Dynamic contrast ratio is measured with the LCD backlight turned off. ANSI contrast is with both black and white simultaneously adjacent onscreen.

Color depth - measured in bits per primary color or bits for all colors. Those with 10bpc (bits per channel) or more can display more shades of color (approximately 1 billion shades) than traditional 8bpc monitors (approximately 16.8 million shades or colors), and can do so more precisely without having to resort to dithering.

Color accuracy - measured in ΔE (delta-E); the lower the ΔE, the more accurate the color representation. A ΔE of below 1 is imperceptible to the human eye. A ΔE of 2–4 is considered good and requires a sensitive eye to spot the difference.

Viewing angle is the maximum angle at which images on the monitor can be viewed, without subjectively excessive degradation to the image. It is measured in degrees horizontally and vertically.

Refresh rate is (in CRTs) the number of times in a second that the display is illuminated (the number of times a second a raster scan is completed). In LCDs it is the number of times the image can be changed per second, expressed in hertz (Hz). Determines the maximum number of frames per second (FPS) a monitor is capable of showing. Maximum refresh rate is limited by response time.

Response time is the time a pixel in a monitor takes to change between two shades. The particular shades depend on the test procedure, which differs between manufacturers. In general, lower numbers mean faster transitions and therefore fewer visible image artifacts such as ghosting. Grey to grey (GtG), measured in milliseconds (ms).

On two-dimensional display devices such as computer monitors the display size or view able image size is the actual amount of screen space that is available to display a picture, video or working space, without obstruction from the bezel or other aspects of the unit"s design. The main measurements for display devices are: width, height, total area and the diagonal.

The size of a display is usually given by manufacturers diagonally, i.e. as the distance between two opposite screen corners. This method of measurement is inherited from the method used for the first generation of CRT television, when picture tubes with circular faces were in common use. Being circular, it was the external diameter of the glass envelope that described their size. Since these circular tubes were used to display rectangular images, the diagonal measurement of the rectangular image was smaller than the diameter of the tube"s face (due to the thickness of the glass). This method continued even when cathode-ray tubes were manufactured as rounded rectangles; it had the advantage of being a single number specifying the size, and was not confusing when the aspect ratio was universally 4:3.

With the introduction of flat panel technology, the diagonal measurement became the actual diagonal of the visible display. This meant that an eighteen-inch LCD had a larger viewable area than an eighteen-inch cathode-ray tube.

Estimation of monitor size by the distance between opposite corners does not take into account the display aspect ratio, so that for example a 16:9 21-inch (53 cm) widescreen display has less area, than a 21-inch (53 cm) 4:3 screen. The 4:3 screen has dimensions of 16.8 in × 12.6 in (43 cm × 32 cm) and area 211 sq in (1,360 cm2), while the widescreen is 18.3 in × 10.3 in (46 cm × 26 cm), 188 sq in (1,210 cm2).

Until about 2003, most computer monitors had a 4:3 aspect ratio and some had 5:4. Between 2003 and 2006, monitors with 16:9 and mostly 16:10 (8:5) aspect ratios became commonly available, first in laptops and later also in standalone monitors. Reasons for this transition included productive uses for such monitors, i.e. besides Field of view in video games and movie viewing, are the word processor display of two standard letter pages side by side, as well as CAD displays of large-size drawings and application menus at the same time.LCD monitors and the same year 16:10 was the mainstream standard for laptops and notebook computers.

In 2010, the computer industry started to move over from 16:10 to 16:9 because 16:9 was chosen to be the standard high-definition television display size, and because they were cheaper to manufacture.

In 2011, non-widescreen displays with 4:3 aspect ratios were only being manufactured in small quantities. According to Samsung, this was because the "Demand for the old "Square monitors" has decreased rapidly over the last couple of years," and "I predict that by the end of 2011, production on all 4:3 or similar panels will be halted due to a lack of demand."

The resolution for computer monitors has increased over time. From 280 × 192 during the late 1970s, to 1024 × 768 during the late 1990s. Since 2009, the most commonly sold resolution for computer monitors is 1920 × 1080, shared with the 1080p of HDTV.2560 × 1600 at 30 in (76 cm), excluding niche professional monitors. By 2015 most major display manufacturers had released 3840 × 2160 (4K UHD) displays, and the first 7680 × 4320 (8K) monitors had begun shipping.

Every RGB monitor has its own color gamut, bounded in chromaticity by a color triangle. Some of these triangles are smaller than the sRGB triangle, some are larger. Colors are typically encoded by 8 bits per primary color. The RGB value [255, 0, 0] represents red, but slightly different colors in different color spaces such as Adobe RGB and sRGB. Displaying sRGB-encoded data on wide-gamut devices can give an unrealistic result.Exif metadata in the picture. As long as the monitor gamut is wider than the color space gamut, correct display is possible, if the monitor is calibrated. A picture which uses colors that are outside the sRGB color space will display on an sRGB color space monitor with limitations.Color management is needed both in electronic publishing (via the Internet for display in browsers) and in desktop publishing targeted to print.

Most modern monitors will switch to a power-saving mode if no video-input signal is received. This allows modern operating systems to turn off a monitor after a specified period of inactivity. This also extends the monitor"s service life. Some monitors will also switch themselves off after a time period on standby.

Most modern laptops provide a method of screen dimming after periods of inactivity or when the battery is in use. This extends battery life and reduces wear.

Most modern monitors have two different indicator light colors wherein if video-input signal was detected, the indicator light is green and when the monitor is in power-saving mode, the screen is black and the indicator light is orange. Some monitors have different indicator light colors and some monitors have blinking indicator light when in power-saving mode.

Many monitors have other accessories (or connections for them) integrated. This places standard ports within easy reach and eliminates the need for another separate hub, camera, microphone, or set of speakers. These monitors have advanced microprocessors which contain codec information, Windows interface drivers and other small software which help in proper functioning of these functions.

Monitors that feature an aspect ratio greater than 2:1 (for instance, 21:9 or 32:9, as opposed to the more common 16:9, which resolves to 1.77:1).Monitors with an aspect ratio greater than 3:1 are marketed as super ultrawide monitors. These are typically massive curved screens intended to replace a multi-monitor deployment.

These monitors use touching of the screen as an input method. Items can be selected or moved with a finger, and finger gestures may be used to convey commands. The screen will need frequent cleaning due to image degradation from fingerprints.

Some displays, especially newer flat panel monitors, replace the traditional anti-glare matte finish with a glossy one. This increases color saturation and sharpness but reflections from lights and windows are more visible. Anti-reflective coatings are sometimes applied to help reduce reflections, although this only partly mitigates the problem.

Most often using nominally flat-panel display technology such as LCD or OLED, a concave rather than convex curve is imparted, reducing geometric distortion, especially in extremely large and wide seamless desktop monitors intended for close viewing range.

Newer monitors are able to display a different image for each eye, often with the help of special glasses and polarizers, giving the perception of depth. An autostereoscopic screen can generate 3D images without headgear.

A combination of a monitor with a graphics tablet. Such devices are typically unresponsive to touch without the use of one or more special tools" pressure. Newer models however are now able to detect touch from any pressure and often have the ability to detect tool tilt and rotation as well.

The option for using the display as a reference monitor; these calibration features can give an advanced color management control for take a near-perfect image.

Raw monitors are raw framed LCD monitors, to install a monitor on a not so common place, ie, on the car door or you need it in the trunk. It is usually paired with a power adapter to have a versatile monitor for home or commercial use.

A desktop monitor is typically provided with a stand from the manufacturer which lifts the monitor up to a more ergonomic viewing height. The stand may be attached to the monitor using a proprietary method or may use, or be adaptable to, a VESA mount. A VESA standard mount allows the monitor to be used with more after-market stands if the original stand is removed. Stands may be fixed or offer a variety of features such as height adjustment, horizontal swivel, and landscape or portrait screen orientation.

The Flat Display Mounting Interface (FDMI), also known as VESA Mounting Interface Standard (MIS) or colloquially as a VESA mount, is a family of standards defined by the Video Electronics Standards Association for mounting flat panel displays to stands or wall mounts.

A fixed rack mount monitor is mounted directly to the rack with the flat-panel or CRT visible at all times. The height of the unit is measured in rack units (RU) and 8U or 9U are most common to fit 17-inch or 19-inch screens. The front sides of the unit are provided with flanges to mount to the rack, providing appropriately spaced holes or slots for the rack mounting screws. A 19-inch diagonal screen is the largest size that will fit within the rails of a 19-inch rack. Larger flat-panels may be accommodated but are "mount-on-rack" and extend forward of the rack. There are smaller display units, typically used in broadcast environments, which fit multiple smaller screens side by side into one rack mount.

A stowable rack mount monitor is 1U, 2U or 3U high and is mounted on rack slides allowing the display to be folded down and the unit slid into the rack for storage as a drawer. The flat display is visible only when pulled out of the rack and deployed. These units may include only a display or may be equipped with a keyboard creating a KVM (Keyboard Video Monitor). Most common are systems with a single LCD but there are systems providing two or three displays in a single rack mount system.

A panel mount computer monitor is intended for mounting into a flat surface with the front of the display unit protruding just slightly. They may also be mounted to the rear of the panel. A flange is provided around the screen, sides, top and bottom, to allow mounting. This contrasts with a rack mount display where the flanges are only on the sides. The flanges will be provided with holes for thru-bolts or may have studs welded to the rear surface to secure the unit in the hole in the panel. Often a gasket is provided to provide a water-tight seal to the panel and the front of the screen will be sealed to the back of the front panel to prevent water and dirt contamination.

An open frame monitor provides the display and enough supporting structure to hold associated electronics and to minimally support the display. Provision will be made for attaching the unit to some external structure for support and protection. Open frame monitors are intended to be built into some other piece of equipment providing its own case. An arcade video game would be a good example with the display mounted inside the cabinet. There is usually an open frame display inside all end-use displays with the end-use display simply providing an attractive protective enclosure. Some rack mount monitor manufacturers will purchase desktop displays, take them apart, and discard the outer plastic parts, keeping the inner open-frame display for inclusion into their product.

According to an NSA document leaked to Der Spiegel, the NSA sometimes swaps the monitor cables on targeted computers with a bugged monitor cable in order to allow the NSA to remotely see what is being displayed on the targeted computer monitor.

Van Eck phreaking is the process of remotely displaying the contents of a CRT or LCD by detecting its electromagnetic emissions. It is named after Dutch computer researcher Wim van Eck, who in 1985 published the first paper on it, including proof of concept. Phreaking more generally is the process of exploiting telephone networks.

Masoud Ghodrati, Adam P. Morris, and Nicholas Seow Chiang Price (2015) The (un)suitability of modern liquid crystal displays (LCDs) for vision research. Frontiers in Psychology, 6:303.

Koren, Norman. "Gamut mapping". Archived from the original on 2011-12-21. Retrieved 2018-12-10. The rendering intent determines how colors are handled that are present in the source but out of gamut in the destination

Definition of terms clarified and discussed in Aaron Schwabach, Internet and the Law: Technology, Society, and Compromises, 2nd Edition (Santa Barbara CA: ABC-CLIO, 2014), 192-3. ISBN 9781610693509

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Monitors are the most important components of a computer. Without them, you could not read this article, play games (see top Fortnite monitors), or even watch movies.

So, what are the types of monitors? There are basically 6 types of monitors currently being sold by major manufacturers. They include LCD Monitor, LED Monitor, OLED Monitor, Plasma Monitor, CRT Monitor, and Touch Screen Monitors.

In this guide, I’ve discussed the different types of monitors that are available on the market, with details on their benefits and drawbacks, including screen size (see Dell"s 27-inch monitor), resolutions, refresh rates, technologies used, and more.

The history of computer monitors can be traced back to the Cathode Ray Tube, which was invented by Karl Ferdinand Braun in 1897. These types of monitors were bulky and consumed a lot of power.

As technology advanced, displays became less bulky and gained newer features, while resolutions increased. The CRT lasted all the way up until 1992 and since then we have seen a variety of monitors and display types such as Plasma monitors which lasted until 2014, and LCD and LED monitors take over as technology advanced.

An LCD monitor is a flat-panel display that uses liquid crystal technology to produce images. The image quality depends on the quality of the screen (the clarity) and not the size of the screen like with older CRT monitors.

Generally, LCD monitors offer crisp images and good contrast than their previous counterparts. These types of monitors are not as thin and lightweight as IPS monitors, but are also energy-efficient.

LCDs can offer higher resolution than other display technologies, including those that use cathode ray tubes (CRTs). The average price of LCD monitors ranges from $100 to $250. Top LCD monitors include monitors from LG, Samsung, and Boe.

An LCD monitor with flat-screen technology takes up less space with its slim design and it is more lightweight than normal CRT monitors. It does not require additional desktop space because the screen of the monitor is slim.

The LED monitor is the most energy-efficient available and it doesn"t take up much space at all. This is a great way to save some cash on your electric bills and still get the same crisp picture as the big TVs but in a smaller size.

IPS or in Plane Switching is one the best monitor panel type. It is a type of display technology that was initially developed to overcome the shortcomings of the TN panel.

IPS panels are now widely used in the manufacture of LCD monitors, due to their high-quality images, fast response times, and wide viewing angles. IPS panels are preferred over TN displays by web designers who require accurate color reproduction and good image quality for their work.

When compared to other LCD panel technologies such as inPlane Switching (IPS) and Vertical Alignment (VA), the twisted Nematic (TN) LCD panel technology delivers a higher faster response time making it the best panel type for monitors for games like League of Legends.

Vertical alignment (VA) panels are LCD technology that has many advantages over the existing TN displays. They are known for their high brightness, high contrast ratio, and ability to be viewed at many different angles.

An LED monitor is an advanced type of flat panel display that uses Light-Emitting Diodes for illumination. Compared to standard LCDs, an LED panel display is thinner and utilizes less power than LCD monitors. The benefits of LED monitors are also fully explained here.

There are many benefits to choosing an LED monitor. The main benefit is that they have the best image quality available today. To date, no other type of display can match or exceed what you see on an LED display.

This is particularly relevant for video editing (see also best editing monitors), graphic design enthusiasts, gamers, and PC users in general. They offer a wide array of other features and prices so anyone can choose the one that meets their needs. And, before you decide on a budget monitor bear in mind that some monitors prioritize different features or might have different aspects that will be useful to you. However, if you are not a PC user, don"t fret, but check out our earlier reviews of monitors for MacBook Pro.

The average price of LED pc monitor type is from $150 to $400. With some luck, you can pick up a nice high definition monitor for under 200 dollars, or for even less.

Just like the name suggests, an organic light-emitting diode (OLED) monitor is a type of flat panel display that produces its own light. OLED monitors gives you several advantages over traditional LCD monitors, including thinner panels and the use of less energy

Due to the fact it doesn"t produce any toxic waste products during use, OLED is also friendlier on the environment than an LCD or plasma display. QLED monitors (see QLED vs IPS review) though have tried to replicate the best picture quality features of OLED along with far superior brightness and colours..

They are ideal for video professional users who work in the fields of computer graphics design, animation, 3D animation, digital video editing, broadcasting, simulation, and home entertainment, etc, though monitors for music production may come with different features. Lastly, you can read the full guide to features and benefits of OLED in our artricle here.

Plasma monitors are flat-screen monitors that use phosphors gas to provide color. Because the picture is produced by gases instead of light bulbs or other heat sources, they are exceptionally thin and therefore monitors can be mounted on walls. Best vertical monitors and plenty of orthers should be compatible with VESA.

Plasma monitors have exceptional brightness and color power. Millions of red, green, and blue cells light your screen with light so pure and bright, making them brighter than CRT monitors and LCD monitors.

This computer display type has the largest screens available such as 42 inches, 50 inches, and even 56 inches, and their bright colorful images can be viewed from virtually any angle. Plasma monitors also offer wide-angle views that create a cinematic effect that is perfect for watching sports, gaming, or viewing a video.

The cons of using a plasma monitor are that it is susceptible to burn-in due to the use of a phosphor screen. It also has a shorter lifespan because the gas wears out eventually and this reduces its brightness. The average price for plasma displays ranges from $50 for a 19-inch display to $500 for a 50 inch.

Various monitor brands that make plasma displays include Panasonic, Toshiba, and LG. Some monitor brands such as Samsung and LG have ceased making these types of monitors since they have been replaced by better technologies, such as LCD, LED, and OLED monitors.

An old-fashioned computer monitor, or CRT (cathode ray tube) display, is one of the main types of computer monitors. They are large and bulky monitors that come equipped with a bulky box that connects to the back of them.

This analog display was a popular display device before the invention of modern flat-screen monitors and TVs. The electron gun in the interior is the part that creates the image on the screen.

CRT monitors have been around since the late 1940s and were commonly used until the second decade of the 21st century. Now they are being replaced by newer technology monitors such as LCD or plasma screens, which offer clearer images and more flexibility in viewing angles.

A touch screen monitor is a type of computer monitor that uses a touch-sensitive panel built into the front of the unit. The built-in touch screen allows you to touch on the screen to open various websites, photos, or applications effortlessly.

These monitors are used in business and office environments mostly. They offer a more convenient method to access information and perform tasks without the hassle of a keyboard or mouse.

Each type has its own unique set of benefits—some offer better color accuracy than others, while some display deeper blacks. Since monitors have different uses and have different features, it is important to get a display that will serve your needs.

Business monitors; Business monitors are workstation-optimized, full-featured displays that meet the needs of your business from the desktop to the boardroom.

These monitors generally have higher resolution, high refresh rate, low response time, and more options than a typical home monitor, and are often made with energy efficiency in mind.

Gaming monitors; Gaming monitors like these for racing games are specifically designed for gamers because they feature fast response time, vivid graphics, and incredible refresh rate that goes up to 240Hz, all of which will improve a gaming experience. It could be argued though that 144hz monitors offer best of both worlds when it comes to performance and price, in addition to having a 1ms response time.

This is also where generally cheaper G-Sync monitors, developed by AMD and NVIDIA, come into equation with their linking of framerate and refresh rate to smooth out your visuals and enhance the gaming performance.

Ultrawide Monitors; these are super large monitors. They are an excellent choice for multitasking, with two or even three times the screen real estate of a standard monitor. Stay organized with multiple columns or spreadsheets or give your games an immersive feel with an ultra-wide computer monitor.

Work monitors; Work monitors are monitors that are designed for use in an office environment. Oftentimes, workstation monitors are special because they are very thin, have special features that will help the workspace, give you more room - especially curved monitors - and are optimized for tasks such as editing spreadsheets and word processing.

As technology advances, new devices emerge every now and then. Computer monitors are no different. LCDs replaced CRT monitors and plasma monitors, and then came along LED monitors.

LCD monitors are flat-panel monitors that use liquid crystal display technology to create the image displayed. These flat panels have replaced the bulky cathode ray tube monitors previously in use in most computer workstations.

This means that an LCD monitor like this by AOC is more portable, which makes it easier to transport from one location to another - see how they compare to other portable monitors such as this one from Asus or this one from Lenovo.

One of the biggest advantages of this type of PC display is probably their crystal-clear picture quality. An LCD monitor has a higher resolution and a sharper, crisper image than a CRT, and has far less glare than the latter.

One disadvantage with LCD monitors is that they are a bit expensive than other types of monitors such as plasma but are totally worth it because of their superior features.

This monochrome is made up of two words Mono (Single) and Chrome (Color), hence it is called Single Color Display and it displays the monitor’s output in Black & White colors.

These Gray-scale display monitors are similar to monochrome but it displays in gray shades. These types of computer monitors are mostly used in portable and hand computers such as laptops.

Color monitor displays the output with the adjustment of RGB (Red-Green-Blue) radiations. The theory of such monitors is capable of displaying graphics in high-resolution it can be 4k.

Computer monitors are such important PC components that are well worth spending time choosing the right model. If the display is the only piece of computer hardware you"re planning to upgrade this year, it"s imperative that you find a monitor that excels in all areas: image quality, color reproduction, connectivity options, and ergonomics.

This section will help you sort through all the available models and give sound advice on how to choose one, so you"ll learn exactly what makes one screen better than another.

If you are planning to buy one of the best monitors for your office or home, consider the size of a monitor. There are different sizes which are manufactured by different companies (see this 23.8 monitor by HP). Some are bigger while some are smaller in size like this 21.5"" monitor by HP. You can choose one according to your needs and requirements.

A large monitor will enable you to have more screen real estate for spreadsheets, documents and texts, programs (see monitors for programming), playing games, or watching movies.

An important factor to consider is the resolution of the monitor. Resolution determines how clear (sharp) or how vibrant (colorful) your monitor produces images and text on the screen.

If you are looking to get the best gaming experience from a monitor, I’d highly recommend you go for the highest possible resolution. However, if you do not game or use it for video or photo editing purposes, then I’d suggest you keep it simple by going with 1080p screens instead of spending extra on monitor with 4K resolution or higher.

A monitor"s refresh rate is a critical consideration when selecting a new monitor, as it affects how fluidly moving images display on the screen. A monitor with a refresh rate below 60 Hz is likely to have you falling behind your competition, so if your monitor is more than a couple of years old, it"s time to upgrade it with a 120 Hz monitor or higher.

If you are in the market for the best type of monitor for graphic design, there is one key feature that will help determine performance: color gamut. Color gamut is an indication of how many colors a screen can display. Top color performance and resolution, is also what most monitors for architects should come with. This also includes monitors for CAD.

While there are computer monitor screen types that use larger color gamuts than others, the most important thing to know is that wider color gamuts offer better picture quality than lower ones. They also allow more colors to be displayed on the screen at once, so images with many colors will appear richer and more vivid.

There are four connection types of monitors. Through these options, you can connect your video source, like game console, to a monitor for Xbox, for example. Monitor connection types include;A VGA connection

There are three different types of panels that are available in monitors today. One of the most popular monitor panel types is the Twisted Nematic (TN) monitor. The second monitor panel type is the Vertical Alignment (VA) monitor. Finally, there is the In-Plane Switching or IPS monitors.

The best monitor types are LCDs. With LCD computer displays, you have high-quality screens, which offer HD or higher resolution like QHD technology. They are thin and flat, have a high refresh rate, and wider color gamut unlike other types of monitors such as CRTs.

The most affordable monitor types will not be plasma or LCDs. It is actually CRTs or Cathode Ray Tubes. You can purchase one for approximately $30-$50. The price will depend on the size of the screen, and you can purchase a 19-inch screen for $30 -$50. They are available in sizes ranging from 13 inches to 24 inch monitors.

We all work on the computer, either for business or pleasure. So, it is important to have the best monitor for your eyes when working long hours behind the computer. The best monitors out there are these monitors from AOC that are flicker-free and blue light-free and include;AOC C27G2Z

LCD monitors are. Along with LED, LCD is the most common type of monitor you will find available currently. LCD monitors consist of two panes of glass with liquid in between and thousands of rows of pixels to organize said liquid.

TVs offer a PC Mode option, which removes the extra image processing and ensures the lowest possible input lag. The most important thing to consider when choosing a TV for PC monitor usage is the TV"s ability to display proper chroma 4:4:4 for clear text.

23/24-inch screen in 16:9 format: resolution of 1920 x 1080 pixels (also known as Full-HD). 23/24-inch screens with a 16:10 aspect ratio are even better. This comes with a resolution of at least 1920 × 1200 pixels (WUXGA).

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For day traders, level 2 and time & sales are indispensable tools to gauge pricing to perform precision order executions. The pace and velocity of price updates coupled with tape reading can provide an edge for seasoned tactical traders seeking opportunistic liquidity pockets. When split second decision making and reactions are imperative, these two tools are a necessity for nimble and agile traders. Let’s take a deeper look into the mechanics and uses of these important components to a trader’s arsenal.

A level 2 screen provides the market depth of prices and available shares at each price level sorted by market participants including market makers, liquidity providers and electronic communications networks (ECNs). The pace of bid/ask price updates can often reflect the momentum in the underlying shares. However, it’s important to note that pricing changes are not indicative of actual executed trades, but what is available at the moment. This distinction is vital so as not to get knee jerked into chasing prices solely because of the fast pace of level 2 pricing updates. The level 2 screen can be deceptive since the true available liquidity is often hidden or partially displayed with reserve/iceberg orders. To anchor in the reality of what trades are actually being executed, it’s crucial to have a time & sales window accompany the level 2 screen.

While level 2 provides the pricing and availability of shares in a limit book format, the time & sales window reveals the actual trades that have been executed. The official recorded trades data is utilized to plot technical indicators on the charts. The time & sales window reveals the “truth” in terms of actual liquidity.

Both tools should be used simultaneously to derive a complete picture of pricing behavior, supply and demand and liquidity. It’s normal to attach the time & sales window to the level 2 screen. Here are the basic components of each:

Level 2 screensare limit books with available bid prices on the left and ask prices on the right. Each bid/ask includes the market participant (market maker or ECN) along with their price and displayed available size. They are organized by the best bid and best ask pricing at the top (which is the level 1 bid/ask) followed by each incrementally greater priced outside bid/ask. This enables traders to get a quick view of potentially available liquidity beyond the level 1 best bid/ask price.

Time & sales windowsdisplay the time stamp for each trade along with the price and order size executed. The price can also be color coded to reflect a sale on the bid (red) or buy on the ask (green). Sometimes block trades will be posted late in the afterhours along with numerous odd lot trades under 100-shares.

There is a very large distinction between level 2 and charts that traders must understand from the get-go. Level 2 illustrates the depth of market by displaying the bid and asks with sizes for multiple levels beyond the inside. The prices imply “intent” to trade but are not actual trades. These arenot actual tradesbut potential trades. There’s lots of gamesmanship involved to “trick” traders into impulsively reacting to the perceived appearance of big buying or selling. The charts should be prioritized as a true gauge of price trends, support/resistance levels, trading channels and patterns.

For active traders, level 2 provides an additional tool which is point-and-click order routing and execution. This applies to trading platforms with direct market access (DMA) brokers. The speed of execution is immediate along with the ability to mask order transparency with hidden orders and reserve/iceberg orders through ECN limit books. Most active day traders will need level 2 + time & sales for precision entries and exits. For some traders, the level 2 can be more of a distraction, especially if they have an affinity for impulse trades. Swing traders and longer-term investors will likely prefer to use conventional retail brokers if there is no priority for lightening fast fills with an emphasis on speed and liquidity.

Generally, mid and small caps and thinner liquidity stocks highly require level 2 and time & sales screens to discern true pricing and liquidity. Wide spreads can create a lot of slippage so the precision that comes with direct order routing and transparency control is paramount. Large cap stocks tend to provide so much liquidity that insights into price action can be muffled with the exception of large blocks being posted on time & sales. Always play the role of a third-party analyzing the battle between the bulls and the bears (supply and demand) and who is in charge at the moment.

When either the bids or asks are heavily stacked on level 2, pay attention to the true trade executions on time & sales. Many times, these stackedimbalancesresult in a climactic bottom or top as market participants are trying to shake the trees for the final hold outs. With time & sales, keep an eye out for large blocks and where they are priced (inside bid or ask). These blocks can be a sign that supply is diminishing. For example, a stock that has been selling off for the past hour prints several 100,000 share blocks on the inside bid on time & sales could indicate a heavy seller(s) have completed their sales. This is often accompanied by a jump in prices.

Level 2 displays “potential” orders, not actual executed orders. This is why time & sales is absolutely necessary when watching level 2. ECNs also allow forhidden ordersthat don’t show up on level 2 but do show trades executed on time & sales. Be aware of hidden orders when you see trades printing at prices between the bid/ask. Reserve or Iceberg orders display a small size on level 2 while hiding the real size. For example, a seller may be trying to sell 5,000 shares of $XYZ on the inside ask, but only displays 100 shares. The reason for this is to disguise transparency so as not to trigger more sellers to step in front and stifle the momentum. On the flipside, be aware of flashers/spoofers that will display a large inside bid or ask size to trigger panic on the other side only to cancel their orders quickly. Again, time & sales will show whether these tactics are effective.

Use the combination of level 2 and time & sales to spot price inflection points. Is there a certain price level, ECN or market maker that continually acts as a support or resistance? Does a specific market participant continually cap the upside or downside price momentum? If so, make sure to also confirm it on the charts with technical indicators that validate price resistance or support.When it comes to large displayed sizes on level 2, pay attention to the time & sales to verify if they are real. A large seller that actually absorbs trades on the ask or gets taken out may be a real sign of demand. Whereas a large seller that continuously pulls the ask price may be someone just trying to manipulate the perception of selling pressure. Alwaysanalyze the printson time & sales for the “truth” behind the level 2 pricing. What types of shares are being executed? Are they larger sizes or odd lots under 100 shares? Real demand or selling will absorb size and prove it on the time & sales. It’s prudent to include level 2 and time & sales in your arsenal of tools in conjunction with charts to round out a well balance trading methodology.

While browsing, you see a handbag you absolutely adore. It has perfect soft material with amazing details in stitching and cute latch. Better still, it’s in a colour that will match what you have in your wardrobe and you can think of a least 5 outfits you’d use it with!

You go to check the price and there’s no tag. You look at the next one and still no price. You look at the purse on the shelf in front, and you guessed it... No price again!

We go to look for prices when we want to buy something, and when your visitors don’t see your price on your services page, they’ll often expect the worst. And if your prices aren’t actually that high end, you’ll miss out on clients because of this assumption.

You’re looking for a wedding photographer for your big day. You’re super excited about getting married, you’ve picked the perfect location, and you have the most stunning dress ever!

As humans, we’re programmed to choose the easy option, so most people will reach out to the photographers within their price range, meaning you’ve missed out in the comparison game entirely if you don’t have your price listed.

Plus, if you’re making it hard for potential clients early on, they may assume working with you will be hard in the future once they’ve laid down their cash, so it’s often enough for people to say bye and check out someone else.

I don’t know about you, but my inbox is usually overflowing with new emails. It can be hard to keep up with on a good day, and the last thing I want is to add a heap of back and forth emails about whether someone can afford to hire me for their new website.

Showing my starting price on my website saves time for my visitors since they know right away if I’m within their budget or not, and it keeps me out of my inbox #winning

Another bonus of this? You save yourself from hopping on as many calls where potential clients genuinely can’t afford to work with you, so you’re not wasting their time, either.

Think about how great it would be to avoid those conversations because the person booking a call already knows your rates? It’s much easier to confidently say your price if you know they’ve already seen it!

If you’re new to business or sales, jumping on a call can be challenging enough, so why add to your discomfort? Why not save yourself time to work on marketing to people who can afford what you do, rather than jumping on calls with people with people who can’t pay your rates?

If you think the pricing conversation is awkward, chances are the person on the other end will as well, especially if they love what you do and can’t afford to work with you. They’re likely already feeling deflated at not being able to afford what you do and for wasting your time, plus they’re left needing to figure out how to say no, which is never fun!

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You can subscribe the customer to two separate products to model a pricing structure that includes both a base fee and additional per-seat pricing. One product serves as the flat base price and the other product represents the variable per-seat pricing.

For example, Togethere offers a video conferencing service where they charge based on how many minutes the meetings last. Togethere bills their customers at the end of the month based on their usage of the meetings, in addition to the flat monthly fee. Togethere wants to charge for the maximum number of minutes used per customer per month. They can configure this with the aggregate_usage parameter:

Imagine that a customer uses 2 minutes on June 1, then uses another minute on June 15. Later, they’re credited for 1 of the first 2 minutes on June 20. The billed amount at the end of the month is .60 USD (2 minutes maximum usage during the month, charging .20 USD per minute).

The aggregate_usage parameter determines how subscriptions handle usage records. Here are the options for that parameter:sum—The default value (passed if you don’t specify the parameter). The total billed is based on the sum of all usage records for the billing period.

last_during_period—The total billed is based on the most recent usage record for the billing period. If no usage is reported for the billing period, the total billed is based on a usage quantity of 0.

last_ever—The total billed is based on the most recently provided usage record. If no usage is reported during the current billing period, Stripe looks for a previous usage record. If no usage record is found, the total billed is based on a usage quantity of 0.

max—The total billed is based on the usage record with the largest usage quantity for the billing period. If no usage is reported for the billing period, the total billed is based on a usage quantity of 0.

Which option you choose depends on how you handle usage on your end. You also set the value of the action parameter of the usage records API to reflect how you record usage.

Use the transform_quantity option to aggregate usage before multiplying by unit cost. This is useful if you want to report a different quantity or usage before totaling price.

Togethere decides to expand their offerings with a premium streaming service. Streaming can be resource-intensive, so they charge an extra usage fee (another Product) based on the length of the stream. Customers report the exact length of the stream, but Togethere doesn’t want to charge customers by the minute. Instead, Togethere charges for each hour spent streaming-even a partial hour.

Next, create a price the streaming service product, charging 5 USD an hour and rounding up (to charge for a full hour even if only part of the hour is used):

Billing thresholds allow you to issue an billing cycle anchor, when a customer’s accrued usage in a subscription cycle reaches a specified monetary or usage threshold. Consider using billing thresholds if you want to add precautions to limit the amount owed, or to limit the products consumed, between invoices or charges.

As with monetary thresholds, usage thresholds should ideally be greater than one unit of usage, to avoid frequent invoicing. Stripe doesn’t currently support setting usage thresholds through the Dashboard.

You can change this behavior so that reaching a threshold resets the billing cycle anchor. Doing this effectively treats reaching a threshold as if the subscription had reached its natural rollover point at the end of the month.

Tiers are maintained across threshold invoices. As with a subscription without thresholds, tiers reset only at the end of the billing period, or if you configure the subscription to reset the billing cycle anchor when it reaches a threshold.

Because usage is billed after the fact, you set a threshold of 100 USD as a stopgap for new customers. Under this scheme, your customer is effectively billed every 200 impressions for the first 10,000 impressions (200 0.50 USD = 100 USD). When the customer exceeds 10,000 impressions, they’re effectively billed every 250 impressions (250 0.40 USD = 100 USD). This continues until the end of the billing period, at which point all un-invoiced usage are invoiced, and the subscription and tiers reset.

If you prefer that tiers reset upon reaching a threshold, you must configure the subscription to reset the billing cycle anchor when usage reaches the thresholds that you set.

When combined with thresholds, these pricing models can lead to invoices with line items for negative amounts, under the following conditions:A threshold invoice has already been issued.

If a customer uses 10,000 units, the invoice total is 5,000 USD (10,000 * 0.50 USD = 5,000 USD). Any additional usage causes all usage to bill at the lower unit cost of 0.40 USD. So, if the customer uses just one more unit, the invoice total drops to 4,000.40 USD (10,001 * 0.40 USD = 4,000.40 USD).

However, to see how negative invoicing can happen, assume that we have a 5,000 USD monetary threshold in place. In this scenario, Stripe issues an invoice when the customer reaches 10,000 units of usage.

If the customer uses just one more unit, the invoice total drops to 4,000.40 USD (10,001 * 0.40 USD = 4,000.40 USD). However, if the customer consumes no more units, then they’re owed 999.60 USD (5,000 USD - 4,000.40 USD = 999.60 USD). At the end of the billing period, Stripe credits this amount to the customer’s balance, which is used to pay down future invoices.

Let’s say the customer continues to accrue usage. The cost of this usage reaches 5,000 USD again when the customer has used 12,500 units (5,000 USD / 0.40 USD = 12,500). However, the previous payment of 5,000 USD covers all of this usage, so no invoice is issued.

Stripe won’t issue an invoice until either the total usage reaches 25,000 units (for a total cost of 10,000 USD), or the end of the billing period arrives—whichever occurs first. The tables below show the line items you should expect to see for the two invoices issued in the case where usage reaches 25,000 units.

Billing thresholds aren’t evaluated during the 24 hours leading up to the end of a subscription. This helps limit confusion for a customer who receives multiple invoices on the same date.

Given the real-time nature of usage reporting, invoices might not be issued at the exact moment a specified threshold is reached. Invoiced amounts or usage might be slightly higher than the specified thresholds.

Decimal pricing is useful if you need to create pricing amounts that aren’t whole numbers. For example, if you’re running a cloud storage SaaS business, you can create a price that charges 0.05 cents for each MB used per month. Based on usage, the quantity of MB is then multiplied by 0.05 cents and rounded to the nearest whole cent.

To create prices with decimal amounts, specify unit_amount_decimal instead of unit_amount. unit_amount_decimal allows you to set the amount in the minor unit of the currency that you charge in. For example, you can set unit_amount_decimal = 105.5 in USD to represent 105.5 cents, or 1.055 USD. unit_amount_decimal accepts decimals up to 12 decimal places.

In API responses, the integer unit_amount field isn’t populated if the object is created with a decimal value. For example, if you create a price with unit_amount_decimal = 0.05, the response contains unit_amount = null and unit_amount_decimal = 0.05. You can still pass integer values into unit_amount_decimal, in which case unit_amount is populated in the response. For instance, if you create a price with unit_amount_decimal = 5, the response contains unit_amount = 5 and unit_amount_decimal = 5.0.

If your integration has event handling that uses unit_amount values and you begin using decimal amounts, you need to use unit_amount_decimal instead. This is important because unit_amount will be returned as null if the decimal amounts can’t be converted into integers, which could cause errors in your integration.

The GPU shortage is over, and gamers around the world can breathe a sigh of relief. For those in the market for one of the best graphics cards, we closely looked at graphics card prices and availability to see where the GPU market is headed and to figure out the best time to buy.

If you’re looking for a cheap GPU deal, now is the time to buy. After a nasty slip in gaming revenue from Nvidia, prices from both AMD and Nvidia are starting to tumble even below the list price.

GPU prices have largely returned to normal, despite a few key graphics cards selling for above list price. Graphics cards are in stock at retailers, which has cut off scalpers at the knees with inflated prices. Prices have returned to normal at retailers, following a couple of months of steep drops in prices on the secondhand market.

The GPU market is in good shape now, with cards on the secondhand market selling for below list price, as they should. We’re not completely out of the woods yet, though.

Nvidia recently boasted to investors about inflated GPU prices. It’s not clear if those higher prices are a result of the GPU shortage or simply because graphics cards are getting more expensive. The 12GB RTX 3080, for example, is about $400 more expensive than its 10GB counterpart.

For now, though, GPU prices continue to drop. From September, we’ve seen steep price drops on low-end Nvidia graphics cards, as well as an overall trend downward as AMD and Nvidia prepare for the next generation.

Nvidia graphics cards are still a bit more expensive than AMD ones, selling for around 20% above the list price on average. The good news is that retailers have Nvidia graphics cards in stock now, which has significantly lowered prices on the secondhand market. You can see how prices steadily dropped for these cards in the first few months of 2022 on eBay in the chart below.

The RTX 3080 was nearly 149% above the list price in January 2022 but dropped to only 105% above the list price by March. Now that we’re later in the year, some RTX 3080 cards are actually selling belowthe list price on eBay. Prices remain a bit higher at retailers, however, as we’ll dig into in the upcoming sections.

AMD’s graphics cards aren’t as inflated as Nvidia’s at the moment, and some RX 6000 graphics cards are selling below list price at retailers. The secondhand market has largely recovered, too, though you won’t score a deal on an AMD graphics card like you will on an Nvidia if you shop used.

You can see the steep decline in the price of RX 6000 GPUs in the first few months of the year in the chart above. GPU prices have stabilized now, with a few notable exceptions. Popular cards like RX 6800 XT still sell for above list price, but you can find a few if you shop for a used card.

Nvidia’s new RTX 4090 is the cream of the crop when it comes to GPU power (read our RTX 4090 review to see it in action), and it comes with a price to match. The base price is $1,600, and some third-party models are as much as $2,000. The initial batch of cards is already out of stock, but retailers seem positive that more inventory will arrive shortly. Unfortunately, you can’t buy the RTX 4090 on its own at the moment, but that should change in the coming weeks. If you can’t wait, there are still ways to buy the card through a prebuilt system, though.

Nvidia followed up the RTX 4090 with the RTX 4080, but it’s not out of stock. Although not as impressive as the flagship card (read our RTX 4080 review for more), it’s still a powerful GPU with Nvidia’s latest architecture. It’s not quite powerful enough for the price, though, leading many models to still be in stock at list price.

The RTX 3090 Ti is the latest addition to Nvidia’s Ampere lineup, and it never experienced the inflated prices as the rest of the range. In fact, Nvidia is selling them for cheap. Following price cuts for the whole GPU market, some RTX 3090 Ti models were discounted by as much as $1,000. Unfortunately, those price cuts haven’t lasted long, as the card has gone up to around $1,600 for new, in-stock models while it should sell for around $1,100.

Although the RTX 3090 is much older than the RTX 3090 Ti, it’s much more expensive than its list price. The card launched at $1,500, and like the RTX 3090 Ti, it’s selling for above list price now. Cards start around $1,600 and go up from there, likely on the back of poor stock. Just a month ago, the RTX 3090 sold for around $900.

The RTX 3080 Ti is one of the few graphics cards that’s selling for below list price now, which makes sense considering it was massively overpriced in the first place. It launched for $1,200, but you can find it now for around $1,000. There’s quite a bit of variation, however, with some overclocked models selling for closer to $1,500. Read our RTX 3080 Ti review for benchmarks.

The RTX 3080 was a sweet-spot graphics card for high-end gamers when it launched. With a list price of $700 and uncharted performance — read our RTX 3080 review for more on that — it was thegraphics card to buy. Some models are close to list price now, though they still typically sell for around $900 or $1,000.

The RTX 3070 Ti is an updated version of the RTX 3070, packing in more cores, a faster clock speed, and higher memory bandwidth. It launched for only $600, but you’ll spend closer to $700 now. Overclocked models aren’t much more expensive, reaching up to around $750 at most. Read our RTX 3070 Ti review to see it in action.

Much like the RTX 3080 and RTX 3080 Ti, it’s much harder to find the RTX 3070 compared to its Ti sibling. And you’ll pay about the same price. The RTX 3070 launched at $500, but most models run around $550, saving you only $100 or so compared to the Ti model.

The RTX 3060 Ti is a popular graphics card, which makes sense. It’s the best 1080p graphics card you can buy, with enough power for 1440p in some titles. It launched for $400, but you’ll spend around $450 for a card now. Overclocked models are a bit more expensive, runni